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城市餐厨垃圾的厌氧消化处理研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了不同处理量下,系统反应温度对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化过程中产气量的影响,分析了餐厨垃圾厌氧消化处理过程中,产气量与进料TS浓度的关系以及气体成分的差异。结果表明:在相同处理量下,与中温35℃的反应温度相比,高温55℃下系统产气速率较快,产气高峰较早到达;系统日产气量与进料TS的变化基本一致,平均产气能力达到0.45 m3/kg,气体成分中甲烷含量均高于55%。 相似文献
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餐厨垃圾处理技术研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
《环境卫生工程》2015,(5)
介绍了餐厨垃圾的特点及存在的污染问题,探讨了目前常用的餐厨垃圾处理技术如焚烧、卫生填埋、生态饲料、厌氧消化、好氧堆肥和蚯蚓堆肥等的现状和存在问题,分析了餐厨垃圾厌氧消化资源化技术的发展趋势。 相似文献
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餐厨垃圾好氧堆肥工艺条件优化 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在探讨通风量、环境温度、含水率、粒径等单一因素对堆肥进程影响的基础上,为了对餐厨垃圾高效好氧堆肥工艺条件进行优化,得出最佳堆肥方案,选用3组卧式反应器以有机物降解率为试验指标进行4因素3水平正交模拟试验.结果表明:4因素对有机物降解的影响显著性顺序为环境温度>含水率>粒径>通风量,同时得出最佳堆肥方案为环境温度40℃、含水率50%、粒径30 mm、通风量4 L/min. 相似文献
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IntroductionEnvironmental factors such as wind, temperature, humidity, and sun exposure are known to affect influenza and viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) transmissions. COVID-19 is a new pandemic with very little information available about its transmission and association with environmental factors. The goal of this paper is to explore the association of environmental factors on daily incidence rate, mortality rate, and recoveries of COVID-19.MethodsThe environmental data for humidity, temperature, wind, and sun exposure were recorded from metrological websites and COVID-19 data such as the daily incidence rate, death rate, and daily recovery were extracted from the government''s official website available to the general public. The analysis for each outcome was adjusted for factors such as lock down status, nationwide events, and the number of daily tests performed. Analysis was completed with negative binominal regression log link using generalised linear modelling.ResultsDaily temperature, sun exposure, wind, and humidity were not significantly associated with daily incidence rate. Temperature and nationwide social gatherings, although non-significant, showed trends towards a higher chance of incidence. An increase in the number of daily testing was significantly associated with higher COVID-19 incidences (effect size ranged from 2.17–9.96). No factors were significantly associated with daily death rates. Except for the province of Balochistan, a lower daily temperature was associated with a significantly higher daily recovery rate.DiscussionEnvironmental factors such as temperature, humidity, wind, and daily sun exposure were not consistently associated with COVID-19 incidence, death rates, or recovery. More policing about precautionary measures and ensuring diagnostic testing and accuracy are needed. 相似文献
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Indicators for the forecasting of malaria epidemics 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The entomological inoculation rate is presented as a comprehensive indicator of malaria transmission level, its relative changes reflecting the risk of potential epidemic development. This rate is a known function of several epidemiological direct factors and is particularly sensitive to the survival rate and the sporogonic cycle of the vector. Although not yet fully quantifiable, relationships exist between direct factors responsible for the transmission of infection and certain meteorological and environmental indirect factors like air temperature, relative humidity, or importation of malaria parasites. 相似文献
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目的 了解地下工事的环境卫生状况及危害因素。方法 选择地下工事内人员生活区,对微小气候、化学因素、物理因素进行现场监测和水源水质调查。结果 地下工事温度合格率98.5%,湿度合格率92.6%,甲醛合格率70%,噪声合格率88.9%,氡合格率81.9%,PM10合格率98.5%,照度合格率47.6%;水质总体合格率64.5%,风速、CO、CO_2、NH_3、NO_2、H_2S、SO_2、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、TVOC无超标。结论 西南某部地下工事环境卫生本底主要危害因素是温度、相对湿度、氡及子体和甲醛,对进驻官兵健康有较大影响。 相似文献
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探讨浦东新区幼托机构聚集性手足口病事件与室内环境、气象等因素之间的关系,为托幼机构手足口病聚集性事件的防控提供科学依据.方法 应用方差分析、Pearson相关分析及多元线性回归模型对浦东新区涉及报告聚集性事件幼托机构91个班级室内环境因素及气象因素与手足口病事件关系进行研究,应用贝叶斯模型和克里格差值法对该类事件时空分布特征进行分析.结果 室内紫外线照度可能为聚集性手足口病事件保护因素,室内温度较高可能是危险因素;室外周平均风速和气压与该类事件呈负相关,周相对平均湿度和平均最低气温与事件数呈正相关(P值均<0.05);室内紫外线照度和温度纳入环境模型,对托幼机构手足口病病例罹患率影响的回归系数分别为-0.004和0.02;平均风速、气压和最低温度纳入气象模型,对托幼机构手足口病病例罹患率影响的回归系数分别为-11.68,-9.37,-6.45.结论室内环境因素及气象因素与聚集性手足口病事件有密切的关系,同时区域特征与其发生也有一定关系.应结合以上各因素开展及时、高效的防控措施. 相似文献
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目的分析唐山市手足口病发病与气象因素之间的关系,为手足13病的防治、预报提供相关依据。方法收集唐山市2011年每日手足口病发病数及同期气象资料,包括平均温度、最高温度、最低温度、相对湿度等,利用Excel软件加载宏的数据分析功能进行数据处理。结果唐山市手足口病受气象因素影响较大,手足口病发病与温度和湿度呈显著正相关。高发季节为夏秋季,平均气温25℃左右、湿度76%左右病例数最多。结论手足口病发病除了与传染源、传播途径、易感人群等流行病学因素有关外,高温、高湿等气象因素也与其密切相关。夏秋季节是防控疾病的重要时期。 相似文献
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Bernard TE Luecke CL Schwartz SW Kirkland KS Ashley CD 《Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene》2005,2(5):251-256
Threshold limit values for heat stress and strain are based on an upper limit wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) for ordinary work clothes, with clothing adjustment factors (CAF) for other clothing ensembles. The purpose of this study was to determine the CAF for four clothing ensembles (Cotton Coveralls, Tyvek 1424 Coveralls, NexGen Coveralls, and Tychem QC Coveralls) against a baseline of cotton work clothes and to determine what effect relative humidity may have. A climatic chamber was used to slowly increase the level of heat stress by increasing air temperature at three levels of relative humidity (20%, 50%, and 70%). Study participants wore one of the five ensembles while walking on a treadmill at a moderate metabolic rate of 155 W m-2 (about 300 W). Physiological data and environmental data were collected. When the participant's core temperature reached a steady state, the dry bulb temperature was increased at constant relative humidity. The point at which the core temperature began to increase was defined as the inflection point. The environmental temperature recorded 5 min before the inflection point was used to calculate the critical WBGT for each ensemble. A three-way analysis of variance with ensemble by humidity protocol interactions and a multiple comparison test were used to make comparisons among the mean values. Only the vapor-barrier ensemble (Tychem QC) demonstrated an interaction with humidity level. The following CAFs are proposed: Cotton Coveralls (0 degrees C-WBGT), Tyvek 1424 Coveralls (+1), NexGen Coveralls (+2), and Tychem QC Coveralls (+10). 相似文献
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目的了解六安市部分宾馆室内空气卫生现状,分析室内工作场所环境对呼吸系统的影响,为加强公共场所卫生管理提供科学依据。方法于2018-2019年对六安市部分公共场所进行卫生监测和评价,并通过从业人员健康危因素问卷分析呼吸系统感觉或症状与工作场所环境的关系。使用Excel 2010软件整理数据,利用SPSS 21.0分析数据,率的比较采用卡方检验,检验水准α=0.05。结果2018-2019年共检测163个酒店房间,检测项目合计1467项次。在各项检测指标中合格率前两位分别是CO2体积分数和甲醛,湿度和PM2.5合格率较低,分别为34.97%和38.04%。2019年相比2018年温度合格率上升,湿度和PM10合格率下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同轮次的温度、湿度、甲醛、PM2.5、细菌总数、PM10、CO2差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同星级的宾馆温度、PM10差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。细菌总数与湿度呈正相关,真菌总数与温度呈负相关。PM2.5、PM10质量浓度与温度及湿度呈负相关。甲醛与温度呈正相关。室内PM10、PM2.5与室外PM10、PM2.5呈正相关。宾馆冷却塔嗜肺军团菌2018年合格率为100%,2019年合格率为25%。宾馆从业人员呼吸系统感觉或症状的环境危害因素为空气干燥(OR=2.424,95%CI:1.257~4.677)、有刺激性气味(OR=4.708,95%CI:1.673~13.251)、有霉味(OR=2.210,95%CI:1.002~4.876)和空气中有灰尘(OR=1.926,95%CI:1.035~3.586)。结论夏季甲醛浓度因受温度和湿度影响其合格率比冬季低。冬季室内颗粒物浓度因受室外空气质量影响,比夏季高。三星级及以上宾馆温度的合格率较高,快捷宾馆PM10合格率较高。在室外空气质量好的情况下,应加强开窗通风或机械通风,并应完善室内空气和空调系统消毒制度,从而改善室内微小气侯,并应加强室内空气有害物质监测和治理。 相似文献
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目的研究以及探讨临床免疫检测中存在的常见问题并分析有关对策能否提高检测结果的准确性和可靠性。方法收集我院2010年5月—2012年5月免疫检验科室酶联免疫检测结果以及影响检验结果的各个影响因素,进行多重线性逐步回归分析。结果影响临床免疫检测结果的因素很多,其中的关键因素包括实验室的环境如温度、湿度,标准品的质量,标本的质量,试剂的反应平衡时长,洗液的更换周期以及实验员的素质等。结论若想获得的实验数据准确,临床免疫检验过程中要严格遵守操作的规章制度,确保临床免疫的检验质量。 相似文献
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办公大楼内环境与黏膜刺激体征关系的多因素分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
目的 本文旨在分析上海冬季封闭式建筑物室内环境因素与人群眼、鼻、咽喉黏膜刺激体征阳性率之间是否存在剂量-反应关系。方法 1997年1998年冬季,选择竣工10年以内的27幢办公大楼,测试春现场环境指标,并对其内在832名工作人员进行眼、鼻、咽喉黏膜的体检。以环境指标及性别与否有黏膜刺激体征建立Logistic回归模型。结果 环境因素中与眼结膜刺激体征阳性率有显著相关的有:空气总颗粒物、人均面积、相对湿度和亮度;与五官黏膜刺激体征阳性率有显著相关的有:温度和相对湿度。结论 空气总颗粒物对眼结膜刺激影响较大,温度和相对湿度偏低,但偏回归系数值较小。人群黏膜系统对总体情况的敏感性强于某单个因素。 相似文献