Effects and mechanism of angiotensin Ⅱ on the expression of nephrin in podocyte

Nephrin 是特异表达于肾小球足细胞及裂孔膜上的结构和功能蛋白,Nephri 的正常表达与定位对于维持肾小球持滤过屏障结构和功能的完整性、防止蛋白尿的发生具有重要作用.Ang Ⅱ在肾脏局部水平的升高可以影响 Nephrin 的表达,破坏足细胞的正常结构和功能,并导致蛋白尿的产生.     

Effects and mechanism of angiotensin Ⅱ on the expression of nephrin in podocyte

Nephrin 是特异表达于肾小球足细胞及裂孔膜上的结构和功能蛋白,Nephri 的正常表达与定位对于维持肾小球持滤过屏障结构和功能的完整性、防止蛋白尿的发生具有重要作用.Ang Ⅱ在肾脏局部水平的升高可以影响 Nephrin 的表达,破坏足细胞的正常结构和功能,并导致蛋白尿的产生.     

Effects and mechanism of angiotensin Ⅱ on the expression of nephrin in podocyte

Nephrin 是特异表达于肾小球足细胞及裂孔膜上的结构和功能蛋白,Nephri 的正常表达与定位对于维持肾小球持滤过屏障结构和功能的完整性、防止蛋白尿的发生具有重要作用.Ang Ⅱ在肾脏局部水平的升高可以影响 Nephrin 的表达,破坏足细胞的正常结构和功能,并导致蛋白尿的产生.     

Effects and mechanism of angiotensin Ⅱ on the expression of nephrin in podocyte

Nephrin 是特异表达于肾小球足细胞及裂孔膜上的结构和功能蛋白,Nephri 的正常表达与定位对于维持肾小球持滤过屏障结构和功能的完整性、防止蛋白尿的发生具有重要作用.Ang Ⅱ在肾脏局部水平的升高可以影响 Nephrin 的表达,破坏足细胞的正常结构和功能,并导致蛋白尿的产生.     

Effects and mechanism of angiotensin Ⅱ on the expression of nephrin in podocyte

Nephrin 是特异表达于肾小球足细胞及裂孔膜上的结构和功能蛋白,Nephri 的正常表达与定位对于维持肾小球持滤过屏障结构和功能的完整性、防止蛋白尿的发生具有重要作用.Ang Ⅱ在肾脏局部水平的升高可以影响 Nephrin 的表达,破坏足细胞的正常结构和功能,并导致蛋白尿的产生.     

Effects and mechanism of angiotensin Ⅱ on the expression of nephrin in podocyte

Nephrin 是特异表达于肾小球足细胞及裂孔膜上的结构和功能蛋白,Nephri 的正常表达与定位对于维持肾小球持滤过屏障结构和功能的完整性、防止蛋白尿的发生具有重要作用.Ang Ⅱ在肾脏局部水平的升高可以影响 Nephrin 的表达,破坏足细胞的正常结构和功能,并导致蛋白尿的产生.     

Effects and mechanism of angiotensin Ⅱ on the expression of nephrin in podocyte

Nephrin 是特异表达于肾小球足细胞及裂孔膜上的结构和功能蛋白,Nephri 的正常表达与定位对于维持肾小球持滤过屏障结构和功能的完整性、防止蛋白尿的发生具有重要作用.Ang Ⅱ在肾脏局部水平的升高可以影响 Nephrin 的表达,破坏足细胞的正常结构和功能,并导致蛋白尿的产生.     

Effects and mechanism of angiotensin Ⅱ on the expression of nephrin in podocyte

Nephrin 是特异表达于肾小球足细胞及裂孔膜上的结构和功能蛋白,Nephri 的正常表达与定位对于维持肾小球持滤过屏障结构和功能的完整性、防止蛋白尿的发生具有重要作用.Ang Ⅱ在肾脏局部水平的升高可以影响 Nephrin 的表达,破坏足细胞的正常结构和功能,并导致蛋白尿的产生.     

AngⅡ对肾小球足细胞 nephrin 表达的影响及其机制

Nephrin 是特异表达于肾小球足细胞及裂孔膜上的结构和功能蛋白,Nephri 的正常表达与定位对于维持肾小球持滤过屏障结构和功能的完整性、防止蛋白尿的发生具有重要作用.Ang Ⅱ在肾脏局部水平的升高可以影响 Nephrin 的表达,破坏足细胞的正常结构和功能,并导致蛋白尿的产生.     

AngⅡ对肾小球足细胞nephrin表达的影响及其机制

Nephrin是特异表达于肾小球足细胞及裂孔膜上的结构和功能蛋白,Nephrin的正常表达与定位对于维持肾小球持滤过屏障结构和功能的完整性、防止蛋白尿的发生具有重要作用。AngⅡ在肾脏局部水平的升高可以影响Nephrin的表达,破坏足细胞的正常结构和功能,并导致蛋白尿的产生。     

Early changes of arginine vasopressin and angiotensin Ⅱ in patients with acute cerebral injury

OBJECTIVE: To study the changes and clinical significance of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and angiotensin II (AT-II) in patients with acute moderate and severe cerebral injury. METHODS: The early plasma concentration was checked by radioimmunoassay in 47 cases of acute moderate and severe cerebral injury, 30 cases of non-cerebral injury and 30 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: The early plasma concentrations of AVP (50.23 ng/L +/- 15.31 ng/L) and AT-II (248.18 ng/L +/- 82.47 ng/L) in cerebral injury group were higher than those in non-cerebral injury group (AVP for 30.91 ng/L +/- 11.48 ng/L and AT-II for 120.67 ng/L +/- 42.49 ng/L, P<0.01). The early plasma concentrations of AVP and AT-II in cerebral injury group were also obviously higher than those of the volunteers (AVP for 5.16 ng/L +/- 4.23 ng/L and AT-II for 43.11 ng/L +/- 16.39 ng /L, P<0.001). At the same time, the early plasma level of AVP (58.90 ng/L +/- 18.12 ng/L) and AT-II (292.13 ng/L +/- 101.17 ng/ L) was higher in severe cerebral injured patients than moderate cerebral injured ones (AVP for 36.68 ng/L +/- 12.16 ng/L and AT-II for 201.42 ng/L +/- 66.10 ng/L, P<0.01). The early level of AVP and AT-II was negatively related to the GCS scales in acute cerebral injury. The early plasma concentrations of AVP (45.98 ng/L +/- 13.48 ng/L) and AT-II (263. 28 ng/L +/- 80.23 ng/L) were lower in epidural hematoma group than those of subdural hematoma and cerebral injury group (AVP for 64.12 ng/L +/- 15.56 ng /L and AT-II for 319.82 ng/L +/- 108.11 ng/L, P<0. 01). CONCLUSIONS: AVP and AT-II may play an important role in pathophysiologic process in the secondary cerebral injury. The more severe the cerebral injury is, the higher the early level of AVP and AT-II will be. The early plasma level of AVP and AT-II may be one of the severity indexes of cerebral injury.     

The change of angiotensin Ⅱ production and its receptor expression during wound healing: possible role of angiotensin Ⅱ in wound healing

Objective This study was undertaken to observe the change in the local level of angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) and the expression of its corresponding receptors AT1 and AT2 during wound healing, and explore the possible role of Ang Ⅱ in wound healing . Methods A model of full-thickness cutaneous wound was developed on the back of C57/BL6 mice. Specimens were taken from the wound of each mouse on the day 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 after wounding. The change in the generation of Ang Ⅱ in wounded tissue during the healing process was detected with ELISA. The proliferation and the apoptosis of cells were detected by bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu) and terminal deoxyuncleotidyl transferase mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) method in wounded skin during the healing process, respectively. The cellular localization and the mRNA level change of Ang Ⅱ receptors in wounded tissue during healing were detected with immunostaining and RT-PCR. Results Ang Ⅱ produced in wounded skin was increased in the first 7 days to reach the peak, and then gradually decreased during wound healing. BrdU labeling index was increased gradually in the first 7 days to reach the peak, and then gradually decreased during wound healing. The number of TUNEL-positive cells was increased slowly in the first 7 days after wounding. The increase in the number of TUNEL-positive cells was more markedly after epithelization of the wound. In normal mice, AT1 and AT2 receptor were found positively expressed in the whole epidermal layer, while positive expression was only found in the endothelial cells of the capillary vessels within the dermal layer, and positive expression was also found in appendages of the skin, i.e. hair follicle, sweat gland and sebaceous gland respectively. Positive staining signal of both AT1 and AT2 receptors were increased in the first 7 days to reach the peak, then gradually decreased. Expression of AT2R was increased again following the epithelization of wound. The result of RT-PCR showed that the expression of both AT1 and AT2 receptors was detectable, and AT1 receptor was increased in the first 7 days to the peak, and then gradually decreased during wound healing, while AT2 receptor expression reached its peak value on day 7, then gradually decreased, and increased again following the epithelization of wound. Conclusions These results indicate that Ang Ⅱ participate in wound repair and related to remolding in the late stage of wound healing through the change in production of angiotensin Ⅱ and expression of AT1 and AT2 receptors. AT1 receptor might be closely associated with cell proliferation,while AT2 receptor might play a role in cell apoptosis and remolding during wound healing.     

The change of angiotensin Ⅱ production and its receptor expression during wound healing: possible role of angiotensin Ⅱ in wound healing

Objective This study was undertaken to observe the change in the local level of angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) and the expression of its corresponding receptors AT1 and AT2 during wound healing, and explore the possible role of Ang Ⅱ in wound healing . Methods A model of full-thickness cutaneous wound was developed on the back of C57/BL6 mice. Specimens were taken from the wound of each mouse on the day 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 after wounding. The change in the generation of Ang Ⅱ in wounded tissue during the healing process was detected with ELISA. The proliferation and the apoptosis of cells were detected by bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu) and terminal deoxyuncleotidyl transferase mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) method in wounded skin during the healing process, respectively. The cellular localization and the mRNA level change of Ang Ⅱ receptors in wounded tissue during healing were detected with immunostaining and RT-PCR. Results Ang Ⅱ produced in wounded skin was increased in the first 7 days to reach the peak, and then gradually decreased during wound healing. BrdU labeling index was increased gradually in the first 7 days to reach the peak, and then gradually decreased during wound healing. The number of TUNEL-positive cells was increased slowly in the first 7 days after wounding. The increase in the number of TUNEL-positive cells was more markedly after epithelization of the wound. In normal mice, AT1 and AT2 receptor were found positively expressed in the whole epidermal layer, while positive expression was only found in the endothelial cells of the capillary vessels within the dermal layer, and positive expression was also found in appendages of the skin, i.e. hair follicle, sweat gland and sebaceous gland respectively. Positive staining signal of both AT1 and AT2 receptors were increased in the first 7 days to reach the peak, then gradually decreased. Expression of AT2R was increased again following the epithelization of wound. The result of RT-PCR showed that the expression of both AT1 and AT2 receptors was detectable, and AT1 receptor was increased in the first 7 days to the peak, and then gradually decreased during wound healing, while AT2 receptor expression reached its peak value on day 7, then gradually decreased, and increased again following the epithelization of wound. Conclusions These results indicate that Ang Ⅱ participate in wound repair and related to remolding in the late stage of wound healing through the change in production of angiotensin Ⅱ and expression of AT1 and AT2 receptors. AT1 receptor might be closely associated with cell proliferation,while AT2 receptor might play a role in cell apoptosis and remolding during wound healing.     

Efficacy of angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blockers in the treatment of portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis: A meta-analysis

目的 评价血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂(ARB)治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症(PHT)的疗效.方法 检索PubMed、EMBASE、Web of Science、The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials、中国期刊全文数据库、中国科技期刊数据库(维普)、万方数字化期刊全文数据库等关于血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂降低肝硬化门静脉压力的随机对照试验,使用RevMan 5.0版软件对人选试验进行Meta分析.结果 共9个随机对照试验包含327例病人符合人选标准,其中5个为ARB与安慰剂或空白对照对比的对照试验,另4个为ARB与普萘洛尔对比的对照试验.Meta分析结果显示:①ARB降低肝静脉压力梯度的幅度明显大于安慰剂或空白对照(WMD=1.88 mm Hg,95％CI:0.99～2.77mm Hg,P＜0.0001),而与普萘洛尔相比无统计学差异(WMD=0.92 mm Hg,95％CI:-0.41～2.26 mm Hg,P=0.17).②ARB降低平均动脉压幅度明显大于安慰剂或空白对照(WMD=8.94mm Hg,95％CI:7.24～10.63 mm Hg,P＜0.000 01),而与普萘洛尔相比差异无统计学意义(WMD=0.41 mm Hg,95％CI:-4.46～5.28 mm Hg,P=0.87);ARB与空自对照相似,对心率无明显影响(P＞0.05),但普萘洛尔与ARB相比则可显著降低病人心率(WMD=-21.25,95％CI:- 25.83～(- 16.68),P＜0.000 01).③ARB对病人血清胆红素及肌酐的影响与安慰剂或空白对照相比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05); ARB组其他不良反应发生率(P=0.03)高于安慰剂,而与普萘洛尔组相比差异无统计学意义(P=0.72).结论 ARB可有效降低肝硬化PHT病人的门静脉压力,其疗效及对血压的影响与普萘洛尔相似,对心率及肝肾功能无明显影响,不良反应相对较少,可能成为肝硬化PTH治疗的一种新选择.     

血管紧张素Ⅱ对足细胞nephrin 磷酸化水平的影响

目的 通过建立血管紧张素Ⅱ( AngⅡ)输注大鼠模型及体外足细胞培养,观察AngⅡ刺激对足细胞nephrin磷酸化水平的影响.方法 30只SPF级Wistar大鼠皮下埋置渗透性微泵,随机分为AngⅡ组(AngⅡ400 ng· kg-1·min-1,n=12)、替米沙坦(Tel)组(AngⅡ+Tel 3 mg· kg-1·d-1,n=12)和正常对照组(生理盐水代替AngⅡ,n=6),于实验0、7、14、21、28 d测量大鼠尾动脉收缩压,收集24 h尿液,检测尿白蛋白.分别在14、28 d处死动物,收集血液标本,检测血肌酐;收集肾脏标本,透射电镜观察肾小球足细胞形态,放免法检测血浆及肾组织AngⅡ水平;Western印迹检测nephrin表达及其磷酸化水平.体外培养小鼠永生化足细胞,AngⅡ (10-6 mol/L)刺激不同时间,并行洛沙坦(10-5 mol/L)干预,Western印迹法检测足细胞nephrin 表达及其磷酸化水平.异硫氰酸荧光素( FITC)-鬼笔毒环肽(phalloidin)染色标记足细胞F-actin,用外周F-actin环评分系统(CFS)半定量分析足细胞骨架运动.结果 (1)与正常对照组同时间点相比,AngⅡ组大鼠自7d起尾动脉收缩压开始升高(P＜0.05),随着作用时间的延长,血压持续升高.AngⅡ输注7d大鼠开始出现蛋白尿,并持续增加.各组大鼠血肌酐、尿肌酐及内生肌酐清除率无明显变化.AngⅡ输注大鼠血浆及肾组织AngⅡ浓度明显增高(均P＜0.05).(2)与正常对照组相比,AngⅡ输注组大鼠肾小球足细胞nephrin表达明显减少,其磷酸化水平亦显著下降(P＜0.05).(3)与正常对照组相比,AngⅡ刺激早期(3～6 h),足细胞nephrin磷酸化表达即明显下调(P＜0.05),刺激12～24 h维持低水平表达.(4)AngⅡ刺激后,F-actin排列紊乱,逐渐向细胞外周分布形成F-actin环,CFS评分显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.05).结论 正常状态下足细胞nephrin维持一定水平磷酸化状态,AngⅡ可以诱导足细胞nephrin磷酸化水平下调.nephrin磷酸化水平改变可能是AngⅡ诱导足细胞骨架重排、足突融合的重要分子机制.     

血管紧张素Ⅱ灌注诱导nephrin表达改变与足细胞凋亡

目的 研究血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）灌注对大鼠足细胞裂隙膜分子nephrin表达及足细胞凋亡的影响，以及探讨AngⅡ引起蛋白尿及肾小球硬化的机制。方法 36只雄性Sprague Dawley大鼠分为AngⅡ灌注组(400 ng&#8226;kg-1&#8226;min-1)、生理盐水灌注组和正常对照组，测定28 d内大鼠血压及尿蛋白。分别于14、28 d处死动物取肾，观察组织学改变，并用免疫荧光、免疫电镜检测nephrin分布。RT-PCR及Western印迹法分别检测nephrin mRNA及蛋白表达。TUNEL法检测足细胞凋亡。结果 (1) AngⅡ灌注组大鼠血压升高，14 d达峰值并维持该水平至28 d；AngⅡ灌注7 d即出现蛋白尿，并持续增加。(2) AngⅡ灌注14 d时，足细胞裂隙膜变窄；灌注28 d时，足突增宽及节段性融合，部分足细胞有凋亡小体形成，少数肾小球出现节段性硬化。TUNEL法检测发现足细胞凋亡[（2.7±1.6）个/肾小球切面]，凋亡数与蛋白尿量呈正相关（r = 0.86，P < 0.01）。(3) AngⅡ灌注14 d时，肾皮质nephrin mRNA及蛋白表达上调（P < 0.05）。nephrin由正常的沿毛细血管袢线状分布向粗颗粒、团块状分布模式转变。AngⅡ灌注28 d时，肾皮质nephrin mRNA及蛋白表达下降（P < 0.05），且nephrin蛋白表达与足细胞凋亡数呈负相关（r = －0.63，P < 0.01）。 结论 AngⅡ灌注诱导的nephrin表达及分布改变可能导致了足细胞凋亡及肾小球硬化的发生与发展。     

小凹蛋白-1在血管紧张素Ⅱ输注大鼠模型肾小球中表达及意义

目的观察血管紧张素Ⅱ输注大鼠模型肾小球小凹蛋白-1表达及分布,探讨小凹蛋白-1在肾小球损伤中的作用。方法18只雄性Wistar大鼠皮下埋置渗透性微泵,随机分为3组。A组为正常对照组,由生理盐水代替血管紧张素Ⅱ。B组用血管紧张素Ⅱ以400ng·kg^-1·min^-1持续输注28d。C组在B组基础上加用替米沙坦3mg·kg^-1·d^-1进行干预。每周末测量尾动脉收缩压、24h尿白蛋白定量,于28d处死大鼠。心脏采血,检测血肌酐。留取肾组织,光镜、电镜下观察肾组织病理学改变。免疫组织化学法、免疫荧光分别检测肾小球小凹蛋白-1表达及小凹蛋白-1磷酸化水平。结果（1）血管紧张素Ⅱ输注后,大鼠血压逐渐升高,尿蛋白持续增加,肾小球系膜区增生加重,替米沙坦治疗可以明显降低血压和减少尿蛋白,减轻肾小球系膜区增生。（2）血管紧张素Ⅱ输注大鼠肾小球小凹蛋白-1表达无明显改变,但其磷酸化水平明显增高,替米沙坦干预后小凹蛋白-1磷酸化水平明显降低。结论小凹蛋白-1在血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导肾损伤中可能发挥重要作用。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ输注诱导肾小球ILK表达改变和肾小球损伤

目的观察血管紧张素II（AngII）输注及替米沙坦治疗对大鼠肾小球整合素蛋白激酶（Integrin-linked kinase,ILK）表达的影响,探讨AngII和ILK在肾小球损伤中的作用。方法将18只雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组：A组为对照组,由生理盐水代替AngII;B组用AngII以400ng·kg^-1·min^-1持续输注14d;C组在B组基础上加用替米沙坦30mg·kg^-1·d^-1进行干预。每组6只。每周末测量尾动脉收缩压、24h尿蛋白定量,于14d处死动物。心脏采血,检测血肌酐（SCr）;留取肾组织,行PAS染色,光镜下观察肾组织病理学改变;免疫组织化学法、RT-PCR及Western印迹法检测ILK表达。结果①AngII输注后,大鼠血压逐渐升高,尿蛋白持续增加,肾小球系膜区增生加重,替米坦治疗可以明显降低血压和减少尿蛋白（P〈0．05）,减轻肾小球系膜区增生（P〈0．01）。②AngⅡ输注14d时,ILK表达显著增加,替米沙坦治疗可显著降低ILK表达（P〈0．05）。结论肾脏ILK表达升高可能是AngII引起肾脏损害的重要机制。