人工全膝关节置换术中髌骨置换的临床研究

目的通过与非髌骨置换比较,探讨髌骨置换对人工全膝关节置换术疗效的影响。方法将2010年9月-11月符合选择标准的63例(63膝)拟行人工全膝关节置换术的骨关节炎患者随机分为两组,其中32例关节置换术中行髌骨置换(置换组),31例不作置换(非置换组)。两组患者性别、年龄、病程、骨关节炎分级、美国膝关节协会评分系统(KSS)标准临床评分及关节功能评分、髌骨评分、髌骨倾斜角、胫股角及髌韧带比值等一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。术后6周及3、6、12个月对疗效进行临床及影像学评定。结果两组患者术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,置换组6例、非置换组8例出现下肢深静脉血栓形成。患者均获12个月随访。置换组术后3、6、12个月时膝前疼痛发生率均低于非置换组(P<0.05)。两组术后各时间点KSS临床评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);除术后6周及3个月,其余各时间点置换组关节功能评分明显高于非置换组(P<0.05)。两组髌骨评分除术后12个月外,其余各时间点组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。X线片复查示,两组均无髌骨骨折、髌骨脱位、髌骨不稳、假体松动及断裂发生;术后12个月两组股胫角、髌韧带比值、髌骨倾斜角比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论人工全膝关节置换术中行髌骨置换可以一定程度改善膝关节功能评分、髌骨评分及降低术后膝前疼痛的发生率。     

全膝关节置换术中髌骨处理

全膝关节置换术中是否进行髌骨置换仍有争论,术后膝前疼痛及髌股关节并发症是争论的焦点.膝前疼痛是多种因素共同作用的结果,不能简单地归咎为髌骨置换与否.全膝关节置换时是否置换髌骨应考虑原发病、病变程度、假体类型及患者活动量和体重等诸多因素.如果行髌骨置换,精湛的外科技术、合适的假体是全膝关节置换术后髌股关节并发症减少的关键;如果不行髌骨置换,患者的筛选标准是保证手术疗效的关键.     

全膝关节置换术髌骨置换与否的比较

目的回顾性分析、比较全膝关节置换术髌骨置换与否的疗效及优缺点,为临床治疗提供参考。方法自1994年1月～2000年12月间住院治疗的骨关节炎及类风湿性关节炎患者86例(109膝)。对髌骨置换和未置换的两组患者进行随访,膝关节评分采用美国HSS评分系统,髌骨评分采用Feller等的髌骨评分标准。随访时拍摄膝关节正、侧位及髌骨30°、90°轴位X线片。结果使用SPSS统计软件进行统计学分析。结果置换组与未置换组术后疗效及并发症的发生率无明显差异,髌骨功能评分差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01)。置换组部分功能(上下楼梯及从椅子上坐起)略好于未置换组,未置换组术后膝前痛的发生率高于置换组,但多为轻度,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。术后髌骨不稳定和半脱位的发生率无统计学差异。结论髌骨不稳定的发生与术前畸形明显及术前髌骨外侧偏移倾向有关,是造成未置换组膝前痛的因素之一。未置换组髌骨不稳定与髌骨分型有关,建议如果术前拍摄髌骨轴位X线片时发现髌骨属于Ⅲ型者应置换髌骨。     

全膝关节置换术中髌骨的处理

全膝关节置换术中是否置换髌骨仍有争论。术后膝前疼痛及与髌骨有关的并发症是争论的焦点。假体设计的改进及手术技术的提高,是全膝关节置换术后髌股关节并发症减少的关键。     

全膝关节置换术中髌骨翻转对术后早期膝关节功能的影响

目的评价全膝关节置换术（TKA）中髌骨翻转对术后早期膝关节功能的影响。方法纳入2008年4月至2013年9月32例双侧同期TKA患者,随机分为髌骨翻转组（A组）与髌骨侧方移位组（B组）。比较分析双膝手术时间、术后并发症、实现主动直腿抬高时间和膝关节90°屈曲时间及术后7 d、3个月、6个月、1年膝关节主动活动度、膝关节被动活动度、疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）。结果 A 组与B组实现主动直腿抬高的时间分别为（2．6±0．8）d和（2．1±0．6）d（P＝0．043）。除术后6个月两组膝关节被动活动度无统计学差异外,其余各随访时间点A组膝关节主动活动度、被动活动度均较B组差。两组手术时间、术后并发症、实现膝关节90°屈曲时间及VAS评分均无统计学差异。结论 TKA 中髌骨翻转不利于术后早期膝关节功能康复,可延缓患者实现直腿抬高时间,减少术后膝关节活动度。     

全膝关节置换术中髌骨假体内置应用的体会

自2000年3月～2002年10月对6例9膝行全膝关节置换,均采用髌骨假体内置的方法进行髌骨置换,获得了良好的效果。     

全膝关节置换术治疗膝骨关节炎合并固定性髌骨脱位

目的评估全膝关节置换术治疗膝骨关节炎合并固定性髌骨脱位患者的临床疗效。方法对6例膝骨关节炎合并固定性髌骨脱位的患者(8膝)行全膝关节置换术。采用标准内侧髌旁入路,并行“+”形松解外侧支持带,常规髌骨置换,使用非限制性后稳定假体。比较手术前后的HSS评分和疼痛VAS评分,测量股骨胫骨角(FTA)和伸膝迟滞。结果患者均获得随访,时间1~8年。HSS评分从术前25~63分提高到术后1年75~94分。VAS评分从术前5~8分下降至术后1年0~3分。FTA从术前161°~173°改善至术后1年173°~175°。术前有10°~25°的伸膝迟滞,术后基本消失。结论采用标准内侧髌旁入路结合外侧结构的松解作全膝关节置换术治疗膝骨关节炎合并固定性髌骨脱位可获得良好的临床疗效。     

全膝关节置换术后髌骨的X线改变

[目的]探讨不置换髌骨的全膝关节置换术后髌骨的X线变化。[方法]对1999年～2004年间所进行的51例64个膝关节假体进行随访,常规不置换髌骨。平均年龄68.5岁(57～78岁),平均随访4.8年(2.5～8年)。在X线正侧位片和髌骨轴位片观察病人髌骨的退变、髌骨外移和倾斜程度的变化。[结果]手术后髌骨倾斜和外移均明显改善。随时间延长,大多数髌骨轨迹居中,没有明显退变。最常见的X线改变有髌骨上下极和外侧面增生,部分髌骨轨迹出现恶化。髌股关节的症状与髌骨的退变无明确相关。[结论]不置换髌骨的膝关节置换术后,髌骨的轨迹可得到明显改善,髌骨不会出现明显退变。     

保留髌骨型全膝关节置换术的中期疗效

目的评价膝关节退变性骨关节炎行保留髌骨型全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)后膝前痛发生率、临床功能及髌骨软骨退变等级对临床疗效的影响。方法回顾分析2006年2月至2009年2月采用保留髌骨型TKA治疗151例(151膝)膝关节退变性骨关节炎患者的临床资料。其中男59例,女92例;平均年龄72.3岁(56~82岁)。髌骨软骨退变等级采用Outerbridge分级标准、术后膝前痛采用VAS评分、临床功能采用美国膝关节学会评分(the knee society scale,KSS)和髌骨评分(Patellar scores,PS)。结果平均随访时间(6.4±1.8)年。所有患者切口达Ⅰ期愈合。髌骨软骨退变等级:Ⅰ级18例,Ⅱ级36例,Ⅲ级62例,Ⅳ级35例。末次随访时,6例(4.0%)患者有膝前疼痛,其中轻度疼痛4例,中度2例,无重度疼痛。患者平均KSS评分由术前(82.6±9.3)分提高到术后(169.8±13.2)分;患者平均PS由术前(10.5±3.3)分提高到术后(27.8±4.5)分。不同髌骨软骨退变不影响术后膝前痛发生率(χ2=0.42,P=0.94)、KSS评分(膝评分:F=1.83,P=20.14;功能评分:F=0.56,P=20.64)和PS评分(F=0.78,P=20.51)。结论膝关节退变性骨关节炎行保留髌骨型TKA术可取得满意的临床疗效,髌骨软骨退变等级不影响临床疗效。     

全膝关节置换术中是否置换髌骨的比较

在人工膝关节置换术中，是否置换髌骨仍是一个有争议的问题。虽然多数学者认为对炎性关节炎应进行髌骨置换，但对骨性关节炎髌骨是否置换仍有争议。我们对2001年1月至2004年12月在我院行全膝关节置换术的62例（82膝）骨性关节炎患者进行回顾性研究，比较了置换与未置换髌骨患者的疗效。     

Patellar clunk syndrome after posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty

Two hundred thirty-six posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) were performed consecutively. Twenty-seven patellar clunk syndromes were identified in 25 patients. Insall-Salvati ratio, position of joint line, postoperative patellar height, and anterior-posterior position of tibial tray were measured. It was found that postoperative low-lying patella (P<.001) and anterior placement of tibial tray (P=.011) was associated with patellar clunk syndrome. Thirteen patients had bilateral TKAs of the same prosthesis (5 bilateral AMK knees and 8 bilateral Insall Burstein knees) but unilateral patellar clunk syndrome. The nonclunk sides were used as control for comparison with the clunk sides. The congruency and tilting of the patellar button in the skyline view were documented. It was observed that the congruency of the patellar button was less satisfactory in the clunk side (P=.019).     

Patellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty

Routine patella resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty has been debated for decades. The early total knee designs and surgical techniques lead to a high complication rate following patellar resurfacing. This lead to many surgeons abandoning this practice and either leaving the patella unresurfaced routinely or selectively resurfacing. Modern day randomized control trials and meta-analyses of these trials reveal a higher incidience of anterior knee pain and a resultant higher reoperation rate in nonresurfaced patellae. We argue that with modern day designs and surgical techniques, there is a low complication rate to resurfacing and little downside to resurfacing.     

Osteoarthritis knee with patellar fracture in the elderly: single-stage fixation and total knee arthroplasty

Periarticular fractures that occur in a previously osteoarthritic knee, especially in an elderly patient, will be associated with other comorbidities and is a treatment challenge. Early mobilization is a key treatment principle in the geriatric population. We present a case report of an elderly diabetic patient with osteoarthritis of the knee joint who sustained a patellar fracture and was treated with single-stage primary total knee arthroplasty and fixation of the patellar fracture.     

Failure of the all-polyethylene patellar component after total knee arthroplasty

From 1991 to 1996, 953 cases of porous-coated anatomic modular knee prostheses with all-polyethylene patellar components were implanted. Among them, 4 cases had breakage of the patellar component at the peg-button interfaces. One had loosening of the patellar component by cutting out the patellar bony bed. Heavy body weight, weakness of the pegs of the all-polyethylene patellar component, and osteonecrosis of the patella were conceived as the causes of failure.     

关节镜下清理与钻孔减压术治疗膝关节骨性关节炎

[目的]观察关节镜下清理结合钻孔减压术治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的临床疗效.[方法]选择2000年1月～2008年12月136例(155膝)膝关节骨性关节炎患者,回顾性观察进行膝关节镜下清理术(A组)、钻孔减压术(B组)、膝关节镜下清理结合钻孔减压术(C组)和保守治疗组(D组)四种方法治疗的疗效.术后随访3个月～1年,采用形象类比评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)评价手术前后的活动痛和休息痛的程度,采用HSS膝关节评分对行走功能进行比较.[结果]3个月内,A组和C组的活动性疼痛改善均明显优于D组(P＜0.05);B组和C组的休息疼痛改善均明显优于D组(P＜0.05);A、B、C组三组的行走功能改善均明显优于D组(P＜0.05).6个月内,C组的活动性疼痛改善明显优于D组(P＜0.05);B组和C组的休息疼痛改善均明显优于D组(P＜0.05);而C组的行走功能改善明显优于D组(P＜0.05).1年以上随访,各组休息痛、静息痛和行走功能无明显差别(P＞0.05).[结论]膝关节镜下清理术和钻孔减压术是治疗膝关节骨性关节炎较为理想的方法,应用钻孔减压术在治疗休息痛方面有比较明显的疗效,而关节镜下清理术在治疗活动性疼痛方面有优势,结合此两种手术,可取得比较明显的治疗效果,但长期随访中显示此两种手术并不能完全阻止骨性关节炎的进展.     

全膝关节置换术在晚期骨性关节炎治疗中的应用

目的　探讨全膝关节置换术在膝关节骨性关节炎治疗中的手术要点及康复方法。方法　对46例(5 7侧)晚期膝关节骨性关节炎患者采用全膝关节置换术进行治疗。结果　全部病例均得到6～66个月的随访,根据HSS膝关节评分法,44膝优,13膝良,优良率10 0 %。结论　全膝关节置换术是治疗晚期膝关节骨性关节炎的最佳治疗手段,假体选择,关节面的切除和假体安放位置,膝周软组织平衡以及康复训练是取得优良疗效的关键。     

影响骨关节炎患者全膝关节置换术后关节功能的相关因素分析

[目的]探讨影响骨关节炎患者全膝关节置换术后关节功能的相关因素.[方法]对41例43膝骨关节炎终末期行全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)患者术前、术后半年的膝关节功能进行HSS评分,应用Pearson相关分析及多重线性回归对术后膝关节HSS评分与患者年龄、体重指数、疼痛评分、术前膝关节活动度(ROM)、内翻畸形程度、手术前后股骨前髁偏距(ACO)变化情况,术后胫骨平台后倾角(PSA)等因素进行统计分析;并分析手术前后股骨前髁偏距(ACO)变化情况,术后胫骨平台后倾角(PSA)与术后膝关节ROM之间的关系.[结果]Pearson相关分析结果可以看出术前疼痛评分、术前膝关节ROM、术后胫骨平台PSA、手术前后股骨ACO变化与术后膝关节功能HSS评分呈正相关;体重指数、膝内翻畸形程度与术后膝关节功能HSS评分呈负相关.逐步回归分析经筛选后纳入方程的变量只有术后胫骨平台PSA (P＜0.01)、术前疼痛功能评分(P＜0.01)、体重指数(P＜0.05),根据标准回归系数的绝对值大小排序,对应变量的作用排序为术后胫骨平台PSA (0.555)＞术前疼痛评分(0.357)＞体重指数(0.187).ACO术前大于术后组的患者术后膝关节ROM明显好于ACO术前小于术后组(P＜0.05).术后胫骨平台PSA 7°～9°组术后膝关节活动度最好.[结论](1)术前疼痛评分、术前膝关节ROM、术后胫骨平台PSA、术前术后股骨ACO变化与术后膝关节HSS评分呈正相关,体重指数、膝关节内翻畸形与术后膝关节功能HSS评分呈负相关;(2)术后胫骨平台PSA、术前疼痛评分、体重指数对术后半年膝关节HSS评分影响显著;(3)股骨ACO变化对术后膝关节活动度有影响,术后胫骨平台PSA7°～9°膝关节活动度好.     

全膝关节表面置换术治疗膝骨性关节炎

目的分析人工全膝表面置换治疗膝骨性关节炎的临床效果。方法对21例29膝的膝骨性关节炎病例行人工膝关节置换术,单膝关节置换13例,双膝关节置换8例,全部采用后方稳定性假体。结果随访6~47个月,平均22.6个月,采用HSS评分系统进行分析,优15例,良5例,可1例。患者术后在疼痛、功能方面都有明显改善。结论全膝关节表面置换术对治疗严重膝骨性关节炎效果满意。术中精确的截骨操作、正确的软组织松解及术后指导康复是手术治疗成功的关键。     

A Meta-Analysis of Patellar Replacement in Total Knee Arthroplasty for Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis

Background

This meta-analysis (MA) aims at comparing the clinical outcomes of resurfacing and nonresurfacing the patella in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.

Joint line and patellar height restoration after revision total knee arthroplasty

Background:

Restoration of proper joint line (JL) position and patellar height in revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is essential in the recovery of knee function and kinematics. We determined whether the JL position and patellar height could be restored in patients undergoing septic and aseptic revision TKA.

Materials and Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed 70 patients (74 knees) who had revision TKA between September 2004 and December 2010. Forty seven knees had a two stage revision for infected TKA and 27 knees for aseptic failure. The JL position, patellar height and patellar tendon (PT) length were measured and compared between primary TKA and post revision. The clinical scores including a hospital for special surgery (HSS), Knee Society Score (KSS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) and range of motion (ROM) were compared.

Results:

The overall JL increased from 17.51 mm to 18.37 mm post revision, the Insall-Salvati (IS) ratio declined from 0.98 to 0.92, and the PT length declined from 42.92 mm to 39.45 mm. 9 of the 21 patellar baja knees improved to normal patellar height. After revision, the JL in the septic group (17.02 mm) was significantly lower than the aseptic group (20.74 mm). The changes of the JL position and IS ratio in the septic group were significantly larger than the aseptic groups (P < 0.05). JL position had a positive correlation to the IS ratio and PT length post revision. The knee function scores including HSS, KSS, WOMAC scores, and ROM all improved post revision compared to pre revision (P < 0.05), and the septic group had a lower knee function compared to the aseptic group. JL position and IS ratio post revision had no correlation to the HSS, KSS, WOMAC scores, and ROM.

Conclusions:

JL position can be sufficiently restored with appropriate distal femoral augment reconstruction after revision TKA, but the patellar height cannot be well improved, especially in the septic revision with obvious PT contracture. No correlation was found between the JL position and patellar height to the knee function post revision TKA.