小儿先天性冠状动脉瘘的外科治疗

目的回顾和总结小儿先天性冠状动脉瘘外科治疗的经验.方法39例患儿,年龄1.5～14岁,平均(5.8±3.3)岁.包括左冠状动脉右室瘘13例,左冠状动脉右房瘘6例,左冠状动脉左室瘘5例,右冠状动脉右室瘘8例,右冠状动脉左室瘘5例和右冠状动脉肺动脉瘘2例.全部经外科手术治疗,其中直接缝扎或褥式带垫片缝扎瘘口13例,切开冠状动脉修补瘘口12例,经心腔修补瘘口12例,经肺动脉切口修补瘘口2例.11例术中置食道超声.结果所有患儿术后均存活,无心电图异常和心肌梗死并发症.]例患儿术后2周心脏又出现杂音,二维彩色多普勒超声证实有残余冠状动脉瘘,再次手术发现原先缝合线已切割心肌人心腔,重新经心腔修补后无残余分流.29例患儿术后随访5～9年,均生存良好.结论手术治疗小儿先天性冠状动脉瘘安全有效,主张早期治疗.术中食道超声有助于寻找瘘口,防止残余瘘.     

先天性左冠状动脉左室瘘X线诊断1例

冠状动脉瘘临床少见，发病率约为先天性心脏病的0．2-0.4％，而先天性左冠状动脉左室瘘又是其中一罕见类型，占本病的3％-10％，作者遇到1例，现结合文献，将本病的病理生理、临床表现及X线表现作一报道。     

小儿先天性冠状动脉瘘的外科治疗

目的 回顺和总结小儿先天性冠状动脉瘘外科治疗的经验。方法 39例患儿,年龄1.5～14岁,平均(5.8±3.3)岁。包括左冠状动脉右室瘘13例,左冠状动脉右房瘘6例,左冠状动脉左室瘘5例,右冠状动脉右室瘘8例,右冠状动脉左室瘘5例和右冠状动脉肺动脉瘘2例。全部经外科手术治疗,其中直接缝扎或褥式带垫片缝扎瘘口13例,切开冠状动脉修补瘘口12例,经心腔修补瘘口12例,经肺动脉切口修补瘘口2例。11例术中置食道超声。结果 所有患儿术后均存活,无心电图异常和心肌梗死并发症。1例患儿术后2周心脏又出现杂音,二维彩色多普勒超声证实有残余冠状动脉瘘,再次手术发现原先缝合线已切割心肌入心腔,重新经心腔修补后无残余分流。29例患儿术后随访5～9年,均生存良好。结论 手术治疗小儿先天性冠状动脉瘘安全有效,主张早期治疗。术中食道超声有助于寻找瘘口,防止残余瘘。     

先天性冠状动脉瘘20例临床分析

目的 总结先天性冠状动脉瘘的临床特点及诊断、治疗方法.方法 回顾分析2001年9月至2006年7月我院收治通过选择性冠状动脉造影确诊的20例先天性冠状动脉瘘患者的临床资料.结果 冠状动脉瘘来自左冠状动脉12例(60%),包括左主干至肺动脉瘘2例和左前降支至肺动脉瘘10例;来自右冠状动脉7例(35%),包括4例至肺动脉瘘和3例至右心室瘘;1例(5%)来自双侧冠状动脉,也均瘘入肺动脉.主要表现有胸闷、胸痛的9例(45%),劳累性气促7例(35%),心悸4例(20%).心电图表现正常8例,左心室肥大3例,右心室肥大4例,有心肌缺血表现5例.8例行介入封堵治疗,6例行外科手术治疗,其余6例未做治疗 .20例患者随访1个月～5年,预后良好.结论 先天性冠状动脉瘘可经选择性冠状动脉造影确诊,手术治疗或介入治疗均安全、有效,远期效果良好.     

先天性冠状动脉瘘的外科治疗

目的 总结6例先天性冠状动脉瘘的外科治疗。方法 回顾性分析我院近10年收治的6例先天性冠状动脉瘘患的临床资料。结果 6例中男2例，女4例，年龄5个月～33岁。3例为单纯先天性冠状动脉瘘，3例合并其他心脏畸形。5例冠状动脉瘘起自右冠，1例起自左冠；4例痿入右室，各1例瘘入右房及肺动脉。全部在全麻低温体外循环下予瘘修补及合并疾病纠治。全组无死亡，1例术后并发败血症。随诊2～9年，无远期死亡及并发症。结论 先天性冠状动脉瘘较为罕见，体外循环下直视手术安全有效，远期效果良好。少数患可选用介入治疗。     

先天性冠状动脉瘘诊断及外科治疗(附9例报告)

目的:探讨先天性冠状动脉瘘诊断及外科治疗方法。方法:2003年1月~2006年10月我科共治疗冠状动脉瘘9例,男5例,女4例,年龄2~14岁。右冠状动脉右室瘘2例,双冠状动脉右室瘘2例,左冠状动脉左室瘘、右冠状动脉右房瘘、左冠状动脉右房瘘及左冠状动脉主肺动脉瘘各1例,冠状动脉右室瘘合并单冠畸形1例。合并室间隔缺损及动脉导管未闭各1例。本组9例均在体外循环下施行手术,合并室间隔缺损及动脉导管未闭同时矫治。结果:本组无手术死亡,术后心脏杂音均消失,症状缓解。结论:外科手术是治疗先天性冠状动脉瘘安全有效的方法,一旦确诊,主张尽早手术治疗。     

先天性冠状动脉左右心室瘘的外科治疗

本文报告４例少见的先天性冠状动脉左或右室瘘。１例为左冠状动前降枝右室瘘，行双结扎贯穿缝合；１例为右冠状动后降枝瘘入左室；２例为右冠状动脉后降枝瘘入右室；后３例在体外循环（ＣＰＢ）下，切开瘤样扩张之冠状动关闭瘘口。４例随诊平均７．８年均获满意疗效。文中重点讨论了诊断、手术适应证及手术方法的选择。     

脉冲Doppler超声诊断左冠状动脉前降支-右室瘘——附一例报告

左冠状动脉瘘是一种少见的先天性心血管畸形。其诊断过去主要依靠临床典型的杂音及选择性主动脉造影来确定。本文报告一例左冠状动脉-右室瘘,主要以超声脉冲Doppler显示图象,并经心血管造影和手术证实。特报告讨论如下。     

老年及老年前期先天性冠状动脉畸形(附7例临床分析)

目的探讨老年及老年前期先天性冠状动脉畸形的临床特征及诊疗方法。方法7例患者均行选择性冠状动脉造影及逆行升主动脉造影,然后依具体情况进行内科或外科治疗。结果右冠状动脉开口于左冠状动脉前降支(简称左前降支)2例,其中1例左前降支远段闭塞,另1例有左心功能不全;右冠状动脉缺如伴左前降支狭窄1例;左冠状动脉回旋支(简称左回旋支)起源于右冠状动脉开口处并左前降支心肌桥1例;右冠状动脉右房瘘伴左回旋支狭窄1例;右冠状动脉右室瘘伴左前降支狭窄1例;右冠状动脉左房瘘1例。其中5例患者经内科治疗后胸痛消失或明显减轻,2例经介入或外科手术治疗后症状明显改善。结论老年及老年前期先天性冠状动脉畸形患者,多伴有冠心病,心功能不全等疾病,应加强内科治疗,必要时施行外科手术治疗。     

先天性冠状动脉瘘的介入治疗效果的评估

目的总结先天性冠状动脉瘘（CAF）的临床解剖特征及介入治疗效果,探讨经导管介入治疗冠状动脉瘘方法及治疗原则.方法采用由动脉系统送入输送长鞘及堵闭器堵闭法和经静脉系统逆行送入输送长鞘及堵闭器堵闭法,应用弹簧圈、动脉导管未闭堵闭器以及室间隔缺损封堵器进行介入手术治疗.结果 13例均成功封堵,术后随访1～18个月,无残余分流及其他并发症.结论经导管介入治疗对先天性冠状动脉瘘疗效良好,但应严格掌握手术适应症,根据冠状动脉瘘的临床解剖特征合理选择封堵器械,减少手术并发症,提高手术成功率。     

Transcatheter closure of coronary artery fistula in children

Background Transcatheter closure of coronary artery fistula （CAF） has emerged as a successful alternative to surgery. We described our experiences in 10 children patients who were accepted for transcatheter closure of CAF. Methods Ten children were 3-10 years old （seven males） with CAF who underwent percutaneous transcatheter closure between October 1995 and April 2008. Sites of origin of these fistulas were： right coronary artery in seven, left anterior descending coronary artery in two, and left circumflex coronary artery in one patient. Drainage sites of these fistulas were： right atrium in seven, right ventricle in two and left ventricle in one patient. All of these fistulas were congenital and had only one orificium fistula.Results A Cook coil was used in four patients and an Amplatzer patent ductus arteriosus （PDA） occluder was used in six patients. Checking the angiogram after the procedure revealed complete occlusion in nine patients （90%） and minimal residual flow in one （10%） patient. Technical success was achieved in all patients. Follow-up studies at short term showed complete abolition of shunt in all patients with no evidence of recanalization leading to recurrence of shunt. Conclusions Transcatheter therapy using either Cook coil or Amplatzer PDA occluder is suggested to be a safe and effective method of occlusion. The midterm outcome of the intervention for CAF is satisfactory.     

经皮介入封堵治疗70例冠状动脉瘘疗效分析——单中心经验

目的 评估经皮介入封堵术治疗冠状动脉瘘的疗效,并总结单中心经验.方法 回顾性分析2009年8月至2015年8月在第二军医大学长海医院成功行经皮冠状动脉瘘封堵术治疗的70例患者的临床资料.结果 70例患者中男性42例(60.00％),女性28例(40.00％),平均年龄为(56.30±15.54)岁(15～83岁).共有101个瘘,其中瘘管起源于左主干9例(8.91％),前降支43例(42.57％),回旋支15例(14.85％),右冠34例(33.67％);瘘终止于肺动脉79例(78.22％),右心房16例(15.84％),右心室2例(1.98％),其他4例(3.96％).瘘管的平均直径为(3.95±2.61) mm,均封堵成功,其中使用弹簧圈封堵60例(85.71％),平均植入弹簧圈(2.55±1.76)枚;动脉导管未闭封堵器封堵5例(7.14％),plug封堵2例(2.86％),肌部室间隔缺损封堵器封堵2例(2.86％),封堵器的平均直径为(13.33±4.32) mm;带膜支架封堵1例(1.43％).术后服用阿司匹林肠溶片3～5 mg/(kg·d)6个月,随访1～73个月,平均(33.94±20.93)个月,患者均未发生出血、溶血、栓塞、胸痛及其他不良反应.结论 经皮介入封堵冠状动脉瘘是安全、有效,手术创伤小,可在临床推广应用.     

Congenital coronary artery fistulas: dual-source CT findings from consecutive 6624 patients with suspected or confirmed coronary artery disease

Background  Coronary artery fistulas (CAFs) are rare congenital abnormality often unintentionally found in patients with coronary artery disease. Clinical diagnosis of CAFs is difficult due to symptomless or lack of specific symptoms. Dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) might be a useful diagnostic tool for CAFs. The study aimed to retrospectively summarize the imaging features of CAFs delineated at DSCT in 48 CAF patients detected from consecutive 6624 patients with suspected or confirmed coronary artery disease in our institution.

Methods  Forty-eight patients underwent DSCT angiography by using retrospective electrocardiographic (ECG) gating after infusion of 70 ml of intravenous contrast material during breath hold. Maximum intensity projection (MIP), curved planar reconstruction (CPR), and volume rendering technique (VR) were obtained. Anomalous termination of coronary artery in each subject was evaluated by two radiologists (with more than 10 years experience with cardiovascular imaging), and disagreement between diagnosis readers was settled by a consensus reading. Ten of 48 patients also underwent traditional coronary angiography (CAG) simultaneously.

Results  In each CAF case, DSCT angiography clearly demonstrated the origin, the termination, the size of abnormal vessel and its course in relation to surrounding great vessels. CAF arising from right coronary artery was the most common type, left circumflex was the least one involved among three coronaries, and pulmonary artery was the most common drainage site. Aneurismal fistulous tract, coronary atherosclerosis, myocardial bridging and anomalous origin of coronary artery were also detected in this group. The demonstration of drainage sites in CAG was consistent with DSCT angiography in 9 patients, and judgment on one anomalous connection in CAG was inconsistent with that in DSCT angiography.

Conclusions  DSCT angiography could provide accurate delineation of anomalous communications, size and numbers of fistulas in patients with CAFs. It suggested that DSCT is a useful tool for the assessment of CAFs and may be considered as the first-choice imaging modality, especially for patients with coronary artery disease.

     

An unusual case of dual coronary artery fistulas to main pulmonary artery

Coronary artery fistula is an anomaly in which a coronary artery directly connects to a cardiac chamber or great vessel. Its incidence is around 0.1 to 1% in the adult population. Dual coronary artery fistulas are far less common and their incidence is estimated to be around 5% in patients with this anomaly. Closure of the fistulas is indicated in patients with myocardial ischemia, large left to right shunt, congestive heart failure or other complications. Herein, we report a 64 year-old man with dual coronary artery fistulas presenting with exertional chest pain. The fistulas were initially suspected on transesophageal echocardiogram because of abnormal flow with a mosaic pattern between the left anterior descending and main pulmonary arteries. Selective coronary angiogram confirmed the diagnosis and revealed fistulous connections from the proximal left anterior descending and ostial right coronary arteries to the main pulmonary artery. The patient became symptom-free after surgical closure of the fistulas.     

先天性心脏病介入治疗手术编码探讨

先天性心脏病的介入治疗主要涉及先天性血管畸形、先天性心脏瓣膜病和房室间隔缺损等疾病.在分析各种手术方式的基础上,确定先天性心脏病介入治疗的手术编码.血管畸形主要包括大动脉畸形(Q25)和冠状动脉瘘(Q24.5),血管畸形球囊扩张编码于39.50(周围血管)、00.66(冠状动脉),支架植入主要编码于36.06(冠状动脉...     

先天性冠状动脉瘘的外科治疗

目的总结先天性冠状动脉瘘的外科治疗及相关经验。方法回顾分析武汉协和医院心血管外科2000年1月至2011年5月54例先天性冠状动脉瘘患者,其中男性35例,女性19例。平均年龄(23.0±21.4)岁。51例患者瘘口为单个,3例为多发瘘口。共计57个瘘口。其中11个汇入右心室(19.3%),16个汇入右心房(28.1%),23个汇入肺动脉(40.3%),2个汇入左心室(3.5%),5个汇入冠状静脉(8.8%)。有34个瘘口来源于右冠状动脉,23个瘘口来源于左冠状动脉,其中有1例多发瘘口,分别起源于左、右冠状动脉。有3例罕见病例为回旋支汇入右房。合并有其它畸形的患者22例(38.9%)。手术方式:34例在体外循环下行经心腔或肺动脉瘘口缝闭术,其中4例因瘘口较大,用补片予以修补,以避免张力过高;14例行冠状动脉切开瘘口修补;6例患者行单纯结扎。结果患者无死亡。术后随访(3.0±2.3)年,心功能均为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级。无残余漏发生。3例患者随访中发现瘘口残端血栓形成。结论有症状或有明显左向右分流的冠状动脉瘘患者,均应争取手术治疗。根据病变的病理特点、有无心内畸形决定手术方式。冠状动脉瘘手术效果优良。     

经导管介入治疗动脉导管未闭的疗效评价

目的观察经导管封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭(Patentductusarterious,PDA)的临床疗效。方法对31例PDA患者应用国产蘑菇伞动脉导管封堵器,经静脉途径行封堵治疗,合并肺动脉瓣狭窄者,先行球囊扩张术,再行PDA封堵治疗;合并房间隔缺损者,先行PDA封堵治疗,后行房间隔缺损封堵术。术后即刻X线造影观察疗效,24h、1个月、3个月、1年应用超声心动图评价治疗效果。结果31例患者植入封堵器均获成功,全组技术成功率100%;术后肺动脉平均压较术前明显下降。术中无任何严重并发症,随访1个月至3年,未发现残余分流、封堵器移位、溶血、血栓或主、肺动脉狭窄。结论经导管法介入治疗PDA,安全有效,创伤小,成功率高,操作简单。     

室间隔缺损患儿介入治疗前后血清脑钠肽含量变化观测

目的观察室间隔缺损患者介入封堵前后血清脑钠肽（brain natriuretic peptide,BNP）浓度变化规律及术前BNP浓度与肺动脉平均压（MPAP）的关系.方法按NYHA心功能标准分级取心功能Ⅰ级49例先天性心脏病膜周型室间隔缺损患儿测量肺动脉平均压（MPAP）,根据肺动脉高压的程度,将肺动脉高压分为正常、轻、中三级.其测量值分别为〈20mmHg、〉20mmHg、〉30mmHg.于术前、术后即刻、术后24h、术后7d测量血清BNP浓度,分析介入封堵前后BNP浓度变化以及术前BNP浓度与肺动脉平均压（MPAP）的关系.结果先天性心脏病室间隔缺损患儿介入封堵术后即刻BNP浓度急剧上升,24h浓度下降,7d恢复至术前水平.术前肺动脉高压与BNP浓度相关.结论术前血清BNP浓度反应肺动脉高压程度,术后早期BNP浓度升高,后期下降。