Penile cavernosal artery pseudoaneurysm

A patient presented with a mass in the cavernous body. The mass, 1 cm in diameter, was detected in the left cavernous body on the MRI and color Doppler ultrasound of the penis of the patient, who presented with pain approximately 3 months after a blunt trauma to the pelvic region. According to the statement of the patient, any direct trauma to the penis was obscure. The lesion was resected and pathological examination of the removed mass revealed pseudoaneurysm.     

Renal artery pseudoaneurysm secondary to blunt trauma treated with microcoil embolization

Background

Renal artery pseudoaneurysms are rarely described sequelae of blunt abdominal trauma. Interventional radiological advances have allowed such lesions to be managed nonoperatively.

Methods

The authors review the presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and hospital course of an 11-year-old girl who developed a right renal artery pseudoaneurysm 14 days after blunt abdominal trauma.

Results

An 11-year-old girl fell off a horse onto her right flank. She sustained multiple right hepatic lobe lacerations and a complex fracture of the upper pole of the right kidney. Her initial hospital course was uncomplicated, and she was discharged after an uneventful 6-day course. The child did well for 2 weeks, until she developed right back pain and gross hematuria. A computed tomography scan revealed a right renal artery pseudoaneurysm. Angiography confirmed the presence of a pseudoaneurysm, which was fed by a single segmental branch originating from the renal artery. The artery was successfully occluded with a single platinum microcoil, which was demonstrated by the absence of contrast flow into the pseudoaneurysm. The patient recovered and was discharged shortly after the procedure. She initially had intermittent pain and hematuria, which resolved. Follow-up computed tomography scans have shown resolution of both the renal and hepatic lesions.

Conclusions

Renal artery pseudoaneurysms that arise after blunt abdominal trauma in the pediatric population may be safely and effectively managed with arterial embolization, thereby avoiding extensive surgical interventions.     

Angiographic embolization of a traumatic pulmonary pseudoaneurysm

We present a case report of a 50-year-old male who sustained a gunshot wound to the right chest. The initial thoracotomy demonstrated a nonbleeding gunshot wound in the middle lobe and was otherwise unremarkable. Later that day, after continued resuscitation, his chest tube output dramatically increased and he was taken back for redo thoracotomy. An injury to the lateral branch of the middle lobe pulmonary artery was encountered and suture ligated. The patient presented several weeks later with hemoptysis. Computed tomography of the chest demonstrated pooling of contrast in the middle lobe. Angiography confirmed the diagnosis of a pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm and was coil embolized without difficulty. This report represents a case of coil embolization of traumatic pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm.     

Reconstructive stent-buttressed coil embolization of a traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery

It is critical that traumatic intracranial pseudoaneurysms should be removed completely from the parent artery because there is a possibility of significant morbidity and mortality from the high risk of rebleeding from any remnants of the pseudoaneurysm. However, the deconstruction of the parent artery has the risk of ischemic damage to the distal to the trapped artery. We describe a case of a successful reconstructive stent-buttressed coil embolization in a patient with a traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the intracranial internal carotid artery. A 30-year-old man with a stuporous mentality was admitted to our institution after a traffic accident. The initial computed tomography scan showed a diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage and a pseudoaneurysm of the left supraclinoid internal carotid artery. A reconstructive endovascular treatment using stent-assisted coil embolization with a stent-within-a-stent technique was conducted in order to save carotid blood flow. The pseudoaneurysm was completely obliterated and the patient recovered without any neurological deficit. We suggest that multiple stent placements with coiling may be considered as a treatment option for intracranial traumatic pseudoaneurysms as a reconstructive treatment.     

Pancreaticoduodenal artery pseudoaneurysm embolization

We report a case of successful transcatheter arterial embolization of a pancreaticoduodenal artery pseudoaneurysm (PSA) caused by erosion of the pancreatic pseudocyst content near pancreaticoduodenal arteries. A 55-year-old man was admitted to a local hospital for investigation of severe, stabbing epigastric pain confined to the upper abdomen. He had a history of previous alcohol abuse, chronic pancreatitis, and a duodenal ulcer. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed narrowing in the pyloric channel along with an ulcer located at the first and second portions of the duodenum with oozing beneath an adherent cloth and duodenal distortion. Computed tomography additionally revealed an enlarged head of the pancreas with numerous spot calcifications and round cystic formation inside, with a diameter of 30 x 25 mm. Following two surgical procedures for duodenal ulcers, selective angiography revealed a PSA located inside the pancreas head and high-grade stenosis > 90% of the celiac trunk and hepatic artery that rose separately from the aorta. Fiber coil embolization was used to occlude the PSA sac successfully. There was no complication after completion of the last embolic procedure. The patient was doing well after 26 months.     

A traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the vertebral artery

Although uncommon, vertebral artery pseudoaneurysms harbour significant risk of embolic stroke and their presence should be considered in cases of blunt cervical trauma. We illustrate a case of a traumatically ruptured vertebral artery pseudoaneurysm treated with coil embolisation.     

超选择性肾动脉灌注化疗加栓塞术在特殊肾癌中的应用

应用大剂量顺铂１５０ｍｇ／ｍ~２经超选择性肾动脉化疗加碘化油、明胶海绵或钢丝环行肾动脉栓塞术治疗肾癌８例。结果：６例肿块缩小、症状缓解，２例栓塞后完整剜出肿瘤。随访２．５～５．５年，至今存活７例，死亡１例。该法安全、有效，能最大限度保留肾组织和功能，尤其适用于孤立肾或对侧肾功能低下或丧失的肾癌患者。     

Delayed treatment of a traumatic left subclavian artery pseudoaneurysm

A 22-year-old man sustained 4 gunshot wounds to the upper torso resulting in left pneumothorax, an expanding right neck hematoma, left humerus fracture, a traumatic arteriovenous fistula from the right subclavian artery to the right brachiocephalic vein, and pseudoaneurysm formation from partial transection of the right subclavian artery. The patient underwent emergent repair of the confluence of the right internal jugular, subclavian and brachiocephalic veins, and laparotomy secondary to compartment syndrome. Seven weeks later, with the pseudoaneurysm enlarged to 6 cm, it was repaired with combined access via the right common femoral artery and right brachial artery. The pseudoaneurysm was covered with a 7 mm x 8 cm fluency-covered stent graft and postdilated with a 7 mm x 4 cm balloon. Postoperatively, the patient had palpable pulses, occlusion of the pseudoaneurysm, and excellent blood flow into the arm.     

Transcatheter embolization of a renal artery pseudoaneurysm after open partial nephrectomy

Twelve days after an open partial nephrectomy, a 31-year-old man was re-admitted urgently for acute lumbar pain. An emergent helical computed tomography scan with intravenous contrast revealed a 3-cm renal artery pseudoaneurysm at the site of the partial nephrectomy, which was responsible for a large perirenal hematoma. Transarterial hyperselective embolization successfully occluded the pseudoaneurysm with less than 1 mL of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate, an embolizing agent less costly than coils. The kidney parenchyma was fully preserved.     

超选择性肝动脉插管造影栓塞术治疗胆道大出血

目的 对超选择性肝动脉插管造影栓塞术治疗胆道大出血进行疗效评估。方法 回顾性分析1993年3月至2001年7月胆道大出血8例的临床资料，采用放射介入技术行腹腔动脉和选择性肝右或肝左动脉造影，随即行肝动脉分支出血点近端栓塞。结果 2例患者由于再出血而行第2次栓塞，所有患者均存活，随访2个月至7年无再出血。结论 超选择性肝动脉造影及栓塞安全，可靠微创，可作为胆道大出血的重要诊断及治疗依据。     

Splenic artery embolization for post-traumatic splenic artery pseudoaneurysm in children

Although rare, traumatic splenic artery pseudoaneurysm (SAP) can be life threatening. The diagnostic approaches as well as the methods of treatment of SAP are yet to be determined. We present the case of a 10-year-old boy treated conservatively for a grade III blunt splenic injury (BSI). The child was discharged to home after a 5-day uneventful hospitalization but was found on routine follow-up CT scan to have a large SAP. The pseudoaneurysm was successfully angiographically embolized and subsequent abdominal CT demonstrated successful resolution of the pseudoaneurysm with a small residual splenic cyst. We reviewed the eight cases of post-traumatic SAP in children that have been published in the English literature. Unlike SAP in adult patients, the severity of the splenic injury does not have predictive value for development of SAP in children. Abdominal pain was the most frequent symptom of SAP, but three children were asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Therefore, the possibility of SAP should be investigated even in the asymptomatic child with mild splenic injury. When a splenic pseudoaneurysm is diagnosed, we believe splenic artery embolization is indicated.     

Successful treatment of a posttraumatic pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm with coil embolization

A 29-year-old man presented to the emergency department after having been stabbed in the posterior right hemithorax twice. He underwent thoracotomy for hemodynamic instability and continuous bleeding. His postoperative recovery was complicated by the incidental finding of a posttraumatic pseudoaneurysm of the pulmonary artery. We describe successful coil embolization of the aneurysmal sac avoiding any further surgical intervention.     

Endovascular treatment of traumatic internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm

IntroductionTraumatic internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm (TICAP) is the most common cause of stroke in young adults. The treatment of TICAP with open surgery poses excess risk, thus during last decade endovascular treatment strategies have been applied.AimTo assess the efficacy and the existing experience of endovascular treatment of TICAP.MethodologyA systematic review of the literature was undertaken to identify all reported cases of endovascular treatment of TICAP from 1998 to 2015 in MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.ResultsA total of 193 patients (139 males, 75%) with mean age of 30.8 ± 2.2 years in 23 case studies, were treated for their TICAP with endovascular treatment. The main causes of TICAP were road traffic accidents 51%, assaults 12%, fall from height 8% and other miscellaneous causes were 29%. In 8/23 studies, the patients were operated emergently, in 9/23 at least 1 month after the carotid injury, and in 6/23 the time between the injury and the operation was not reported. The total success rate of pseudoaneurysm occlusion was 84% (162/193). The reported peri-procedural morbidity rate was 6% (11/185; 3 TIA, 7 strokes and 1 subclavian artery dissection), and the peri-operative mortality rate was 1.2% (2/162). Most patients received post-operatively antiplatelet therapy (either single or dual) and the duration of the administration ranged from 3 months to long term. During their follow up (ranging from 4 days to 13 years) only 6 patients required re-intervention, and this was undertaken with endovascular approach.ConclusionEndovascular therapy tends to be an effective option for the treatment of TICAP with low morbidity and mortality rates.     

超选择性肾动脉分支栓塞术治疗经皮肾镜取石术术后肾出血

目的评价超选择性肾动脉分支栓塞术治疗经皮肾镜取石术（PCNL）术后肾出血的临床价值。方法对PCNL术后并发肾出血的35例患者行超选择性肾动脉分支栓塞术,栓塞材料为0．018in微弹簧圈,部分病例加用少量明胶海绵颗粒。术后随访3-24个月。结果术中造影发现24例单纯肾段以下小动脉损伤,6例合并假性动脉瘤,5例合并动静脉瘘。全部35例患者均成功栓塞肾动脉出血分支,术后1-4天血尿症状消失,术中及术后无严重并发症发生。结论超选择性肾动脉分支栓塞术治疗PCNL术后肾出血安全、快速、有效,可成为其首选治疗方法。     

超选择性肾动脉栓塞术治疗医源性肾损伤出血

目的观察超选择性肾动脉栓塞术治疗医源性肾损伤出血的疗效及对肾功能的影响。方法收集11例医源性肾损伤出血患者,先行超选择性肾动脉造影,明确出血部位和性质,再行超选择插管,采用弹簧圈、明胶海绵进行栓塞治疗;术后随访612个月。结果对11例患者行肾动脉造影均可明确出血部位。10例一次栓塞止血成功;1例经2次栓塞后仍有持续血尿,行经尿道膀胱积血块清除术后血尿消失。随访期间无血尿发生。结论超选择肾动脉栓塞术是治疗医源性肾损伤出血的安全、有效的方法,能最大程度保护肾功能,可作为首选治疗方法。     

Endovascular treatment of traumatic carotid pseudoaneurysm with stenting and coil embolization

Posttraumatic internal carotid pseudoaneurysm is an infrequent but potentially life-threatening condition that complicates approximately one-third of blunt carotid injuries. Other types of injuries include dissection, thrombosis, and complete disruption. Historically, carotid pseudoaneurysms have been managed operatively with repair, ligation, and anticoagulation, with percutaneous angioplasty and stenting emerging over the past decade. We present the case of a 19-year-old patient with a posttraumatic internal carotid pseudoaneurysm that increased in size with conservative management and was treated with coil embolization and stenting.