不同止吐药预防曲马多静脉镇痛后恶心呕吐的疗效观察

目的探讨各种止吐药预防妇科手术后曲马多静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）后恶心呕吐的效果.方法选择ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级、在硬膜外麻醉下行妇科手术病人106例,术毕行曲马多PCIA.随机分成五组：C组（对照组）,不给止吐药;M组,甲氧氯普胺10 mg;O组,恩丹西酮8 mg;N组,欧必亭5 mg;A组,阿扎司琼10 mg,观察术后12、24、36 h病人镇痛效果和恶心呕吐发生情况.结果N组术后12、24和36 h止恶心呕吐作用均明显优于其他四组;各治疗组恶心呕吐发生率在术后12及24 h明显低于对照组（P＜0.01）,N组术后12、24、36 h均显著低于其他组（P＜0.05）.结论欧必亭与恩丹西酮、甲氧氯普胺及阿扎司琼比较,能更有效地防治妇科手术后曲马多PCIA引起的恶心呕吐.     

地塞米松联合恩丹西酮对手术后病人自控镇痛相关恶心呕吐的影响

目的　观察地塞米松联合恩丹西酮对手术后病人自控镇痛 (PCA)所致恶心呕吐的防治效果。方法　随机将 2 0 0例在连续硬膜外麻醉下行下肢手术的患者分为四组 :对照 (C)组于手术切皮前 (T1)和手术结束时 (T2 )分别静脉注射生理盐水 2ml;地塞米松 (D)组于T1、T2 时分别注射地塞米松 10mg和生理盐水 2ml;恩丹西酮 (O)组于T1、T2 时分别注射生理盐水 2ml和恩丹西酮4mg ;地塞米松 +恩丹西酮 (D +O)组于T1、T2 时分别注射地塞米松 10mg和恩丹西酮 4mg。术毕均行病人自控静脉芬太尼镇痛 (PCIFA)。观察术后 2 4h内病人镇痛效果、镇静评分和恶心呕吐发生情况。结果　 5例患者因故退出此观察。组间镇痛效果、镇静评分无明显差异。C组恶心呕吐发生率为 5 2 1% ,明显高于D组 (33 3% )和O组 (32 7% ) ,P <0 0 5 ;D +O组恶心呕吐发生率为16 0 % ,与C组比较 ,P <0 0 1,与D组和O组比较 ,P <0 0 5 ;各处理组恶心程度均小于对照组 ,P <0 0 5 ;D +O组呕吐程度低于C组 ,P <0 0 5。结论　地塞米松与恩丹西酮单独应用均能有效地减少手术后PCIFA相关的恶心呕吐 ,减轻恶心程度 ;两药联合应用进一步降低患者的恶心呕吐发生率和呕吐的程度     

乳房肿瘤切除术后恶心呕吐的原因分析及预防

目的：探讨乳房肿瘤切除术后恶心呕吐的原因及各种止吐药的预防效果。方法：选择123例在氯胺酮静脉复合麻醉下行乳房肿瘤切除的女性患者，随机分为Ⅰ组(静注恩丹西酮8 mg)，Ⅱ组(静注氟哌利多2．5 mg)，Ⅲ组(静注甲氧氯普胺10 mg)。结果：Ⅰ组术后24 h恶心呕吐评为1级病例数明显少于其他两组。结论：与氟哌利多、甲氧氯普胺比较，恩丹西酮能更有效地防止乳房肿瘤切除术后恶心呕吐。     

恩丹西酮对乳腺癌根治术后曲马多病人自控静脉镇痛效应的影响

目的 观察恩丹西酮对乳腺癌根治术后曲马多病人自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)疗效的影响。方法 40例ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级女性乳腺癌病人,随机分为两组:对照组(不用恩丹西酮)和试验组(用恩丹西酮),每组20例。静吸复合全麻下实施乳腺癌根治术,术毕给负荷量后接PCIA泵。术后4、8、12和24 h进行随访,记录曲马多用量、疼痛评分、镇静评分及恶心呕吐发生情况。结果 术后24 h两组患者心率(HR)、血压(BP)平稳,未见呼吸抑制病例,脉搏氧饱和度(SpO2)均维持在95％以上。试验组曲马多用量在4、8、12 h明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组疼痛评分各时点均小于4分,且两组间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。两组均未用其它镇痛药。试验组恶心发生率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组呕吐发生率及镇静评分差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论 曲马多用于乳腺癌根治术后病人自控静脉镇痛效果满意,预防应用恩丹西酮并不能有效地减轻曲马多引起的恶心呕吐,反而减弱其镇痛作用。     

恩丹西酮预防妇科手术后恶心呕吐的临床观察

妇科手术100例,分为恩丹西酮组(以下简称恩组)与对照组各50例.均为利多卡因硬膜外阻滞,于切皮前与术毕前恩组静注恩丹西酮共8mg,对照组则注生理盐水4ml.分别在给药前、给药后5、10分钟记录MAP、HR、RR和SpO2,并观察与记录恶心呕吐的程度和次数.结果:恩组恶心发生率18%,无1例呕吐;对照组分别为52%和40%,明显高于恩组(P＜0.05).两组间MAP、HR、RR和SpO2无明显改变.作者认为恩丹西酮能有效地预防妇科手术后的恶心呕吐,对呼吸循环功能无明显影响.     

不同剂量5-HT3受体拮抗剂托烷司琼对全麻术后恶心呕吐的影响的临床研究

目的观察不同剂量的5-HT3受体拮抗剂托烷司琼(Tropisetron)对术后恶心呕吐(PONV)的作用时效,以寻求一种比较理想的止吐药物及合适的剂量预防和减少PONV的发生.方法择期上腹部吸入全麻手术患者120例,随机双盲分成生理盐水对照组(A组),恩丹西酮8mg组(B组),托烷司琼2mg(C组)及5mg(D组),每组各30例.术毕观察给止吐药至第1次出现恶心呕吐的时间、各组发生恶心、呕吐的病人数、接受补救药物的病人数、恶心的严重程度、病人对止吐药的的满意度、头晕头痛、椎体外系症状等副作用.结果各组病人性别、体重、年龄、麻醉持续时间、术中生命体征等各组间比较差异无显著性(P>0.05).各组发生恶心、呕吐和接受补救药物病人数,初次出现恶心的时间,恶心严重程度评分的比较中,托烷司均优于恩丹西酮,P<0.05.结论①托烷司琼的镇吐效果优于恩丹西酮.②托烷司琼2mg不仅可以减少药物用量、增强抗吐时效,而且能减少副作用的发生,是一种经济、有效、安全且值得推广应用的止吐方法.     

托烷司琼预防全身麻醉术后恶心呕吐的观察

目的观察不同剂量的5-HT3受体拮抗剂托烷司琼对术后恶心呕吐(PONV)的作用时效,以寻求一种比较理想的止吐药物及合适的剂量预防和减少PONV的发生。方法择期全身麻醉手术120例,随机双盲分成对照组(A组,n=30),恩丹西酮8mg(B组,n=30),托烷司琼2mg(C组,n=30)及托烷司琼5mg(D组,n=30)。术毕观察给止吐药至第1次出现恶心呕吐的时间、各组发生恶心、呕吐的病人数、接受补救药的病人数、恶心的严重程度、病人对止吐药的满意度、头晕头痛、椎体外系症状等副作用。结果各组病人性别、体重、年龄、麻醉持续时间、术中生命体征等各组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各组发生恶心、呕吐和接受补救药物病人数,初次出现恶心的时间,恶心严重程度评分的比较中,托烷司琼均优于恩丹西酮,P<0.05。结论①托烷司琼的镇吐效果优于恩丹西酮;②托烷司琼2mg不仅可以减少药物用量、增强抗吐时效,而且能减少副作用的发生,是一种经济、有效、安全且值得推广应用的止吐方法。     

恩丹西酮对吗啡联合帕瑞昔布钠镇痛的影响

目的 进行随机双盲实验、观察吗啡联合帕瑞昔布钠对老年患者前列腺电切术后的镇痛效果及恩丹西酮对镇痛的不良反应的影响. 方法 80名ASA Ⅰ～Ⅲ级的老年患者行尿道前列腺电切术.随机分为两组.两组均为硬膜外麻醉,手术结束后:A组硬膜外2mg吗啡,同时静脉注射40mg帕瑞昔布钠;B组硬膜外2mg吗啡,同时静脉注射40mg帕瑞昔布钠和8mg恩丹西酮.分别于术后4、6、24小时专人随访,评定疼痛标准应用视觉模拟评分(VAS评分)评估,记录不良反应病例数,包括恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、延迟性呼吸抑制等. 结果 两组镇痛均为优(≤3分),各时点组内,组间差异无统计学意义;恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒的病例数,A组明显多于B组,两组均无延迟性呼吸抑制发生. 结论 静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠和硬膜外注射吗啡用于经尿道前列腺电切术后的镇痛效果良好,同时注射恩丹西酮可以降低两种药物不良反应的发生,值得应用.     

双氯酚酸钠用于缓解UPPP术后吞咽痛观察

目的：寻找缓解UPPP术后吞咽痛的有效方法。 方法：择期行UPPP患者36例，ASAⅡ-Ⅲ级。随机分为两组．每组18例。全部采用静吸复合全麻，鼻腔插管。术毕患者清醒后拔除气管导管。术后两组PCA用药为：芬太尼（10μg／m1）．含恩丹西酮8mg．总量100ml。预充量4ml，背景速度2ml／hr，PCA量2ml，锁定时间15分钟。A组为单纯PCA组，B组除PCA镇痛外，术后患者吞咽痛时自行用双氯酚酸钠咽部创面喷雾。术后6、12、24、48小时观察安静及吞咽时的疼痛VAS评分．同时记录术后各时间段间PCA按压次数．及恶心呕吐情况。 结果：安静时VAS评分．相同时刻组间比较、组内各时刻比较均无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。吞咽时VAS评分，相同时刻组间比较，B组均小于A组（P〈0．05），组内各时刻比较无统计学差异（P〉0。05）。PCA按压次数．B组按压次数明显少于A组（P〈0．01）。术后恶心呕吐A组较B组多见（P〈0．05）。 结论：芬太尼静脉PCA可适度缓解UPPP术后安静状态时疼痛。但无法解决患者吞咽痛，加用双氯酚酸钠局部喷雾可明显减轻患者吞咽时疼痛。     

儿童扁桃体摘除术后恩丹西酮与芬太尼联合镇吐镇痛

针对儿童气管插管、静吸复合麻醉下扁桃体及腺样体摘除术后常见恶心、呕吐和伤口痛，我院术后试用恩丹西酮复合芬太尼恒速持续静脉输注镇吐镇痛取得良好效果。     

A comparison of prophylactic ondansetron and metoclopramide administration in patients undergoing major neurosurgical procedures

In a prospective, randomised, double-blind trial, we assessed the relative efficacy of prophylactic ondansetron and metoclopramide administration in the reduction of postoperative nausea and vomiting in 60 patients undergoing routine major neurosurgical procedures. The patients were randomly allocated into one of two groups. Both groups received a standardised anaesthetic. When the dura mater was closed, patients in group A received an intravenous injection of metoclopramide 10 mg whilst group B received ondansetron 8 mg intravenously. Patients who received metoclopramide experienced less postoperative nausea and vomiting than those who received ondansetron in the 48 h following surgery (17 (56%) versus 9 (30%) p = 0.038). In the light of these findings, we believe that ondansetron is an inappropriate agent for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in the neurosurgical population.     

Low-dose dexamethasone reduces nausea and vomiting after epidural morphine: a comparison of metoclopramide with saline

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of a low dose of dexamethasone (5 mg) with metoclopramide 10 mg and saline in preventing nausea and vomiting after epidural morphine in posthysterectomy analgesia. DESIGN: Randomized, placebo-controlled study. SETTING: Inpatient surgery at Municipal Women's and Children's General Hospital. PATIENTS: 120 ASA physical status I and II women receiving epidural morphine for posthysterectomy analgesia. INTERVENTIONS: All patients received epidural morphine 3 mg for postoperative analgesia. The dexamethasone group (n = 40) received dexamethasone 5 mg, the metoclopramide group (n = 40) received metoclopramide 10 mg, and the saline group (n = 40) received saline. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The occurrence of nausea and vomiting appeared more frequently during 6 to 24 hours following the administration of epidural morphine. The total frequency of nausea and vomiting in the dexamethasone group was significantly lower than that of the metoclopramide and saline groups during this period, with reporting frequencies of 21%, 49%, and 53%, respectively (p <.05 each). However, the difference between metoclopramide and saline did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Dexamethasone 5 mg was more effective than metoclopramide or saline in the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with epidural morphine for postoperative analgesia.     

Ondansetron versus dehydrobenzoperidol and metoclopramide for management of postoperative nausea in laparoscopic surgery patients.

BACKGROUND: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, we compared the efficacy of ondansetron versus dehydrobenzoperidol (droperidol) or metoclopramide in the treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting in 200 adult patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia. METHODS: One hundred seventy-three American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I and II patients satisfied inclusion criteria. Fifty-seven patients received ondansetron 4 mg (group O), 57 patients were given droperidol 1.25 mg (group D), and 59 patients received metoclopramide 10 mg (group M). Antiemetic efficacy was compared at 10 minutes and 30 minutes after the administration of the study drug. RESULTS: At 10 minutes, nausea scores in group O dropped from 8.3 to 3.7, in group D from 8.5 to 5, and in group M from 8.4 to 6.7; (P < 0.05 between the three groups). At 30 minutes, nausea scores were 1.3 in group O, 1.7 in group D, and 5 in group M; (P < 0.05 between group M and the other two groups). In the droperidol group, 25% of patients developed sedation. Patient satisfaction was best with ondansetron. CONCLUSIONS: Both ondansetron and droperidol were more effective in the treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting than was metoclopramide. However, patients were satisfied best with ondansetron, which acts faster and causes less sedation than droperidol.     

Prophylactic anti-emetic efficacy of ondansetron in laparoscopic cholecystectomy under total intravenous anaesthesiaA randomised, double-blind comparison with droperidol, metoclopramide and placebo

The prophylactic anti-emetic efficacy and safety of pre-operative intravenous ondansetron was evaluated in a randomised, double-blind, comparison with droperidol, metoclopramide and placebo in 160 ASA grade 1 and 2 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under total intravenous anaesthesia. The patients were randomly allocated to receive ondansetron (4 mg), droperidol (1.25 mg), metoclopramide (10 mg) or placebo given as a single intravenous dose immediately before induction of a standardised general anaesthetic. There were no significant differences between the four study groups with regard to the demographic and anaesthetic data, postoperative analgesia, postoperative sedation scores, duration of postoperative hospital stay and incidence of adverse events. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was significantly lower (p < 0.05) between 1 h and 4 h after surgery in the ondansetron group compared with the droperidol, metoclopramide and placebo groups. The incidence of nausea was similar in the four groups in the other study periods: 0-1 h and 4-24 h. The incidence of vomiting was lower in the ondansetron, droperidol and metoclopramide groups than in the placebo group between 1 and 4 h but was the same between 4 and 24 h. As a result of the lower incidence of nausea and vomiting between 1 h and 4 h in the ondansetron group, the overall incidence of nausea and vomiting was lower during the first 24 h after surgery in this group than in the other three groups.     

Prevention of nausea and vomiting with granisetron, droperidol and metoclopramide during and after spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background: Nausea and vomiting during and after spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section are distressing to the patient. This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of granisetron, droperidol and metoclopramide for the prevention of nausea and vomiting in parturients undergoing caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia.
Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 120 patients received granisetron 3 mg, droperidol 1.25 mg, metoclopramide 10 mg or placebo (saline) ( n =30 of each) i. v. immediately after clamping of the foetal umbilical cord. Nausea, vomiting and safety assessments were performed during and after spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section.
Results: The incidence of intraoperative, post-delivery nausea and vomiting was 13%, 17%, 20% and 63% after administration of granisetron, droperidol, metoclopramide and placebo, respectively; the corresponding incidence during 0–3 h after surgery was 7%, 27%, 27% and 43%; the corresponding incidence during 3–24 h after surgery was 7%, 20%, 23% and 37% ( P <0.05; overall Fisher's exact probability test). No clinically important adverse events were observed in any of the groups.
Conclusion: Granisetron is highly effective for preventing nausea and vomiting during and after spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. Droperidol and metoclopramide are effective for the prevention of intraoperative, post-delivery emesis, but are ineffective for the reduction of the incidence of postoperative emesis.     

Placebo-controlled comparison of dolasetron and metoclopramide in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing hysterectomy

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, we compared the efficacy of dolasetron and metoclopramide in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in women undergoing hysterectomy. METHODS: Patients were allocated randomly to one of three groups: group A (n = 50) received 50 mg dolasetron orally, group B (n = 50) received 20 mg metoclopramide intravenously and placebo orally, group C (n = 50) received placebo orally. If patients complained of retching or vomiting, or if patients demanded an antiemetic, 1.25 mg droperidol was administrated intravenously. To quantify postoperative nausea and vomiting the following score was used: 0 = no nausea, 1 = nausea, 2 = retching, 3 = single vomiting, 4 = multiple vomiting. The Raatz test was used to analyse postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) scores. RESULTS: Dolasetron reduced the postoperative nausea and vomiting score significantly (P < 0.02 vs. metoclopramide; P < 0.0001 vs. placebo). Metoclopramide also reduced the postoperative nausea and vomiting score (P < 0.02 vs. placebo). Fisher's exact test showed a significant reduction of vomiting in the dolasetron group compared with metoclopramide-treated patients (P < 0.007) and placebo-treated patients (P < 0.000006) and a significantly lower rate of nausea in comparison to the placebo group (P < 0.009). There were no significant differences between the metoclopramide and the placebo groups (in Fisher's exact test). The use of postoperative droperidol per patient was significantly lower in the dolasetron group (P < 0.04 vs. metoclopramide; P < 0.0001 vs. placebo) than in the metoclopramide (P < 0.02 vs. placebo) and in the placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS: Oral dolasetron is more effective than either metoclopramide given intravenously or placebo for preventing vomiting after hysterectomy. It also was significantly superior to either metoclopramide or placebo concerning the PONV score and the need for droperidol rescue.     

Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in gynecologic surgery with 3 fixed doses of metoclopramide, droperidol or placebo

OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and side effects of three doses of metoclopramide, droperidol or placebo administered every 8 h to prevent nausea and vomiting during the first 24 h after surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective, double blind study of 104 patients scheduled for major intraabdominal gynecological surgery under general anesthesia. The patients were randomly assigned to three groups: group M received 10 mg of metoclopramide, group D received 1.25 mg of droperidol and group P received a saline solution. The patients were premedicated with oral diazepam. All patients were anesthetized using similar techniques, with fentanyl, thiopental, vecuronium, oxygen/nitrogen protoxide and isoflurane. Muscle relaxation was reversed with atropine and neostigmine. Postoperative analgesia was given with endovenous morphine and metamizol. Immediately after surgery each patient received an endovenous dose of the assigned antiemetic drug. Patients were monitored for 24 h and observations were recorded every hour on the following scale: 0, for no emetic symptoms, 1 for nausea and 2 for vomiting. RESULTS: Fifteen patients (42.9%) in group D, 21 (60% in group M and 19 (54.3%) in group P experienced nausea during the 24 h after surgery, with no significant differences. However, the incidence of vomiting was significantly lower in group D, with 7 patients (20%) vomiting in group D versus 11 patients (31.43%) in group M and 17 (50%) in group P. Side effects were mild and required no treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Droperidol at a dose of 1.25 mg every 8 h is effective and safe for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting and has minimal side effects. Metoclopramide at a dose of 10 mg every 8 h, in our study, was no better for the same purpose than placebo.     

Prophylactic anti-emetic therapy with granisetron, droperidol and metoclopramide in female patients undergoing middle ear surgery

The efficacy of granisetron, droperidol and metoclopramide for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in female patients undergoing middle ear surgery was compared. In a randomised, double-blind study, 180 patients received granisetron 40 micrograms.kg-1, droperidol 20 micrograms.kg-1 or metoclopramide 0.2 mg.kg-1 given intravenously immediately before induction of anaesthesia (n = 60 for each). A standardised general anaesthetic technique was employed throughout. A complete response, defined as no postoperative nausea and vomiting and no need for another rescue anti-emetic, during the first 3 h after anaesthesia was achieved in 83%, 58% and 55% of patients who had received granisetron, droperidol and metoclopramide, respectively. The corresponding incidence during the next 21 h after anaesthesia was 85%, 54% and 47% (p < 0.05). No clinically important adverse effects were observed in any of the groups. We conclude that prophylactic therapy with granisetron is superior to droperidol or metoclopramide in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after middle ear surgery.     

Dolasetron decreases postoperative nausea and vomiting after breast surgery

In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, we compared the efficacy of dolasetron, dexamethasone, and metoclopramide in a preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in women undergoing breast surgery. Patients were allocated randomly to one of four groups (20 patients each): group A received 12.5 mg dolasetron, group B received 8 mg dexamethasone, group C received 20 mg metoclopramide, and group D received placebo intravenously. If patients complained of retching or vomiting or if patients demanded an antiemetic, 1.25 mg droperidol was administered intravenously. To quantify postoperative nausea and vomiting, the following score was used: 0 = no nausea, 1 = nausea, 2 = retching, 3 = single vomiting, 4 = multiple vomiting. Dolasetron and dexamethasone reduced the postoperative nausea and vomiting score significantly (p < 0.02 versus metoclopramide; p < 0.0001 versus placebo). Metoclopramide also reduced the postoperative nausea and vomiting score (p < 0.02 versus placebo). Fisher's exact test showed a significant reduction of vomiting in the dolasetron and dexamethasone groups compared with metoclopramide-treated patients (p < 0.007) and placebo-treated patients (p < 0.000006) and a significantly lower rate of nausea in comparison to the placebo group (p < 0.009). There were no significant differences between the metoclopramide and the placebo groups (using Fisher's exact test). The use of postoperative droperidol was significantly lower in both the dolasetron group (p < 0.04 versus metoclopramide; p < 0.0001 versus placebo) and dexamethasone group (p < 0.04 versus metoclopramide; p < 0.0001 versus placebo), as well as in the metoclopramide group (p < 0.02 versus placebo). Intravenous dolasetron and dexamethasone were equally effective and both are more effective than metoclopramide for preventing vomiting after breast surgery. Also both were significantly superior to either metoclopramide or placebo for postoperative nausea and vomiting and the need for droperidol rescue.     

Comparison of laser acupuncture and metoclopramide in PONV prevention in children

BACKGROUND: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are frequent side effects of general anesthesia in children. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of laser acupuncture with metoclopramide in prevention of PONV in children after sevoflurane anesthesia. METHODS: A total of 120 children ASA I and II, scheduled for hernia repair, circumcision or orchidopexy were randomly assigned into three groups: group I, received laser acupuncture on P6 point and saline infusion; group II, metoclopramide 0.1 mg.kg(-1) i.v. and sham laser; group III had sham laser and saline infusion. Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane and N(2)O/O(2). Patients were monitored for any symptoms of retching and vomiting at 2, 6 and 24 h postoperatively. RESULTS: The incidence of vomiting was higher in the control group in the first 2 h postoperatively (P < 0.001), compared with the other groups. There was no statistically significant difference between acupuncture and metoclopramide groups in occurrence and timing of vomiting (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Laser acupuncture is equally effective as metoclopramide in preventing PONV in children.