氟骨症患儿血锌铁钙镁铜磷水平测定

目的了解贵州省织金县燃煤型氟中毒重病区儿童血液中锌、铁、钙、镁、铜、磷的变化情况。方法对织金县燃煤型氟中毒重病区5所小学6—15岁在校学生氟骨症患儿112例（病例组）、轻病区无氟骨症儿童92例（轻病区对照组），非病区儿童20例（健康对照组）进行血液中锌、铁、钙、镁、铜、磷及尿氟测定，并进行比较分析。结果病例组体内微量元素（锌、铁、钙、镁、铜）低于健康对照组（P〈0．05）；轻病区对照组介于病例组和健康对照组之间。重病区病例组儿童尿氟高于健康对照组，轻病区对照组介于病例组和健康对照组之间，但组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。病例组血磷高于健康对照组（P〈0．05）。结论高氟摄入可引起体内血锌、铁、钙、镁、铜的降低，血磷升高，同时使骨骼发生病变，严重影响儿童的生长发育。     

Effect of penicillamine and zinc on iron metabolism in Wilson's disease

OBJECTIVE: The physiology of iron metabolism in Wilson's disease is largely unknown, and there is a paucity of data on the real presence and progression of iron accumulation. The purpose of this study was to assess the iron metabolism parameters, including hepatic iron concentration, in follow-up liver biopsies and serum, and urinary pro-hepcidin. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-three Wilson's disease patients undergoing long-term treatment were enrolled in the study. RESULTS: Hepatic iron content was significantly increased in penicillamine-treated patients compared with zinc-treated patients. Serum and urinary pro-hepcidin concentrations were significantly higher in Wilson's disease patients than in healthy volunteers, despite a normal biochemical pattern of iron metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term penicillamine treatment seems to be responsible for a more marked iron accumulation in the liver. This observation may justify a revision of long-term Wilson's disease treatment modalities with penicillamine. The finding that serum and urinary pro-hepcidin is significantly increased in Wilson's disease patients compared with healthy volunteers suggests a role for hepcidin in iron metabolism in Wilson's disease, but this needs to be confirmed by a study of hepatic hepcidin expression in these patients.     

氟铝联合对大鼠全血锌、铁、钙、镁、铜的影响

目的 探讨过量氟、铝及其联合作用对大鼠全血锌(Zn)、铁(Fe)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铜(Cu)的影响.方法 48只SD大鼠按体质量随机分为4组:对照组、高铝组、高氟组、高氟铝组,饮水含铝量分别为0,90、0.90 mg/L:饲料含氟量分别为5.2、5.2、106.0、106.0 mg/kg,含铝量分别为6.8、6.8 19.7、19.7 mg/kg;90 d后原子吸收光谱分析法测定全血Zn、Fe、Ca、Mg、Cu水平.结果 组间比较,全血含Zn、Fe、Mg、Cu量差异有统计学意义(F值分别为46.25、14.74、6.10、Z93,P<0.05),而全血含Ca量未见明显改变(F=2.81,P>0.05).析因分析显示.高铝摄入明显降低全血含Zn、Fe、Mg量(F值分别为42.66、5.41、7.04,P<0.05),高氟摄人明显降低全血含Zn、Fe、Mg、Cu量(F值分别为64.50、37.90、9.75、6.74,P<0.05),氟铝联合对全血含Zn量有交互作用(F:31.59,P<0.05),Fe、Ca、Mg、Cu均未见明显交互作用(F值分别为0.91、1.63、1.51、0.00,P>0.05).与对照组全血含Zn、Fe、Mg、Cu量[(131.30±13.86)μmol/L,(10.24±1.02)、(1.71±0.19)mmol/L,(20.43±4.42)μmol/L]比较,高铝组全血含Zn量[(90.84±9.98)μmol/L]明显降低(P<0.05),高氟组全血含Zn、Fe、Mg量[(85.85±10.92)μmol/L,(8.49±0.68)、(1.52±0.13)mmol/L]也明显降低(P<0.05),高氟铝组全血含Zn、Fe、Mg、Cu量[(82.82±11.00)μmol/L,(8.16±0.45)、(1.46±0.09)mmol/L,(15.69±2.38)μmol/L]均明显降低(P<0.05);与高铝组[(9.43±1.09)mmool/L]比较,高氟铝组全血含Fe量[(8.16±0.45)mmol/L]明显降低(P<0.05).结论 过量氟能引起全血含Zn Fe、Mg、Cu量下降,过量铝能引起全血含Zn、Fe、Mg量降低;氟铝联合对大鼠全血含Ca量无影响,仅对全血含Zn量有明显交互作用.     

锌、铁、铜、镁4种元素在乙型肝炎肝硬化不同分期及中医证候中的分布研究

目的 初步探讨血清Zn、Fe、Cu、Mg 4种元素在乙型肝炎代偿期与失代偿期肝硬化中的含量情况以及其在不同中医证候间的分布差异。方法 选择符合诊断标准的乙型肝炎肝硬化患者95例,测定入组患者血清Zn、Fe、Cu、Mg的含量水平,收集中医四诊资料齐全者按照辨证标准进行分组,最后进行统计学分析。结果 血清Zn、Mg在乙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿期显著低于乙型肝炎肝硬化代偿期,肝气郁结证及湿热蕴结证为乙型肝炎肝硬化多发证侯,血清Zn在乙型肝炎肝硬化水湿内阻证组显著低于瘀血阻络证组（P〈0.05）。结论 血清Zn、Mg含量随着乙型肝炎肝硬化病变程度加重而降低,动态监测两者水平对于判断该病的病情轻重程度及转归具有一定指导意义,而血清Zn在乙型肝炎肝硬化不同中医证候间的分布存在一定的差异性。     

Alterations in calcium,magnesium, iron,and zinc metabolism by dietary cholestyramine

Cholestyramine is an effective drug for the reduction of plasma cholesterol because of its ability to sequester intestinal bile acids. Since metabolic alterations, including diminished intestinal absorption of vitamin D and osteomalacia have been reported with long-term use of this resin, the influence of cholestyramine on dietary balance of four mineral elements has been investigated. Wistar-strain rats were fed either a 2% cholestyramine or control diet for one month. Dietary intakes and fecal and urinary excretions of calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry during three, 3-day balance periods. Cholestyramine-fed rats had a net negative balance for calcium and a lower net positive balance for magnesium, iron, and zinc than the controls. Other effects of cholestyramine were an increased urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium, a decreased urinary zinc, and an alkalinization of urine. Blood and tissue cation content was unchanged except for a rèduction in serum magnesium with resin feeding. Alterations in calcium, magnesium, and zinc metabolism might be explained by inadequate vitamin D absorption from the intestine followed by an increased secretion of parathyroid hormone. A diminished iron absorption due to resin binding could account for the reported disturbance in iron balance.Supported by USDA grants 82CRCR 1071 and 82CRCR 1001.     

Comparison of serum copper, magnesium, zinc and calcium levels between G6PD deficient and normal Chinese adults

Minerals are important for normal hematopoiesis and may play a role in acute hemolytic anemia induced by G6PD deficiency. To compare serum magnesium, copper, zinc and calcium levels between G6PD deficiency and normal control adults, we investigated 69 G6PD deficient (28 male, 41 female) and 61 age- matched G6PD normal adults (26 male, 35 female). Serum magnesium, copper, zinc and calcium levels were determined by atomic absorbance spectrometry. Our results revealed that male adults with G6PD deficiency had significantly higher serum copper and magnesium levels than those of the control group (P < 0.01, < 0.05, respectively). In G6PD normal adults, serum copper levels were significantly lower in males than in females (P < 0.01). In the group of G6PD deficiency adults, serum copper levels in males (103.0 +/- 10.4 ug/dL) were significantly lower than those in females (139.0 +/- 34.3 ug/dL) (P < 0.01). Serum magnesium values and zinc values in males (2.42 +/- 0.38 mEq/L and 102.2 +/- 26.5 ug/dL) were significantly higher than those in females (2.07 +/- 0.20 mEq/L and 87.0 +/- 14.9 ug/dL) (P all < 0.01). Female adults with G6PD deficiency had significantly higher serum calcium levels and lower magnesium levels than those of the control group (P all < 0.01). The significantly higher levels of serum copper and magnesium in G6PD deficient male adults may play some role concerning red blood cells in resistance to plasmodium falciparum.     

Effect of silica exposure on urinary excretion of copper and zinc

BACKGROUND: Occupational exposure to silica could lead to renal histological alterations in the glomeruli and proximal tubules. We investigated urinary excretion of copper and zinc and its possible relationship to renal alterations and work duration among nonsmoking, silica-exposed workers. METHODS: Thirty-six control subjects (age, 39.08 +/- 6.65 years) and 48 silica-exposed workers (age, 36.79 +/- 7.33 years) were included in the present study. The exposed workers were grouped into workers with <10 years' work duration (n = 9; age, 29.0 +/- 1.50 years) and workers with > or =10 years' work duration (n = 39; age, 38.59 +/- 6.94 years). Glomerular function was assessed by measuring urinary level of microalbumin, and proximal tubular reabsorption function was assessed by measuring urinary level of alpha1-microglobulin. Structural integrity of proximal tubules was studied by measuring urinary activity of cytosolic enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST). Also, urinary levels of copper, zinc, and creatinine were measured. RESULTS: All measured urinary parameters were significantly increased among silica-exposed workers compared with control subjects. A significant correlation was observed between urinary levels of each of copper and zinc with the glomerular and proximal tubular functional and structural urinary parameters as well as work duration. CONCLUSIONS: Occupational silica exposure may lead to increased urinary loss of copper and zinc as protein-metal complex, and the urinary level of these essential trace elements may be a marker for renal dysfunction. The urinary excretion of GST may be a useful marker for proximal tubular injury.     

Serum copper, magnesium, zinc, calcium, and potassium changes following acute myocardial infarction

When analyzed within seventy-two hours of admission to the coronary care unit, the mean values of serum copper and magnesium were lower in patients with acute myocardial infarction than in noncardiac patients. Zinc values showed no difference. Because the reduction of serum copper in males was statistically significant, the authors suggest that a lowering of serum copper, especially in males, can be useful in the diagnosis of recent infarction and could possibly have other implications. Significant elevations of serum calcium and of serum potassium were also demonstrated.     

Determination of zinc, copper, iron and zinc/copper ratio in the hair of active pulmonary tuberculosis patients

The determination of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and zinc/copper ratio (Zn/Cu) in hair in 70 active pulmonary tuberculosis and 51 healthy individuals were reported. The Zn and Zn/Cu in hair of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, in cases with cavities or noncavities and in cases with smear positive or negative sputum were lower than that of healthy individuals (P less than 0.01). But there was no difference in the hair Fe between the patients and healthy individuals.     

Influence of chronic diuretic therapy on serum, lymphocyte and erythrocyte potassium, magnesium and calcium concentrations

Serum, lymphocyte and erythrocyte potassium, magnesium and calcium concentrations were measured in 31 patients with congestive cardiac failure and 14 patients with mild noncomplicated hypertension, who had been receiving either furosemide or chlorothiazide (with or without potassium supplementation) or a combination of hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride for more than 6 months. Lymphocyte potassium concentrations (pmol/100 cells +/- SE) were as follows: controls 18.1 +/- 1.5, furosemide 14.1 +/- 0.9 (p less than 0.001), furosemide + potassium 12.3 +/- 0.7 (p less than 0.001), chlorothiazide 13.1 +/- 1.0 (p less than 0.001) and hydrochlorothiazide + amiloride 18.6 +/- 0.7 (p = NS). There was a statistically significant relationship between the number of months the patients had been on diuretics and their lymphocyte potassium concentrations. Serum electrolytes, apart from the group receiving chlorothiazide who showed a significant fall in serum K, were unchanged.     

Effect of hydrochlorothiazide therapy on the crystallization of calcium oxalate in urine

The effect of hydrochlorothiazide on the formation of renal stones was evaluated by quantitative assessment of the propensity of urine to undergo crystallization of calcium oxalate. In seven patients with calcium urolithiasis (three with absorptive hypercalciuria, one with renal hypercalciuria, and three with normocalciuric nephrolithiasis), the urinary activity product ratio and formation product ratio of calcium oxalate were measured both on and off therapy with hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg orally twice a day). The activity product ratio (state of saturation with respect to calcium oxalate) decreased in the majority of cases, primarily as a result of the fall in urinary calcium. The formation product ratio (limit of metastability) increased in all cases; the cause of the increase was not readily apparent. Both changes reduced the propensity of urine to undergo crystallization of calcium oxalate, and therefore may account for the clinical improvement reported during thiazide therapy in nephrolithiasis.     

肝硬化患者血细胞钙、镁含量的临床观察

目的观察肝硬化时细胞内钙、镁含量的改变及其临床意义.方法测定50例肝硬化失代偿期(A组)、35例代偿期(B组)患者的血清钙(SC a)、血小板钙(PC a)、单个核白细胞钙(MNCC a)、多形核白细胞钙(PMNCa)、红细胞钙(RCa)和血清镁(SMg)、血小板镁(PMg)、单个核白细胞镁(MNCMg)、多形核白细胞镁(PMNMg)、红细胞镁(RMg).以3 5名健康人为对照组.结果 A组和B组SCa、SMg显著低于对照组.A组MNCCa和PMNCa(μmol/109)为4.76 ± 1.91和7.56 ± 2.88、RCa和RMg(mmol/L)为0.66±0.1 3和2.02±0.76、PMg(μmol/1011)5.53±2.25、MNCMg和PMNMg(μmol/109)为6.64±3.53和10.12 ± 4.32.B组MNCCa和PMNCa(μmol/109)为5.34±2.41和8.32±2.34、RCa和RMg(mmol/L)为0.67±0.11和2.21±0.74、PMg(μmol/1011)5.55±2.67、MNCMg和PMNMg(μmol/109)为6.56±3.44和10.95±4.45;对照组MNCCa和PMNCa(μmol/109)6.86±2.02、9.89±3.23、RCa和RMg(mmol/L)0.72±0.10和2.74±0.92、PMg(μmol/1011)(7.43±2.78)、MNCMg和PMNMg(μmnol/109)为8.68±4.13和13.96±5.76,A组和B组与对照组比较t=4.88～2.00,P＜0.01或0.05.肝性脑病组细胞内外镁显著低于非肝性脑病组t=2.30～2.01,P值均＜0.05,PC a显著高于非肝性脑病组,t=2.02,P＜0.0 5.4种血细胞镁与血清白蛋白呈显著正相关.结论肝硬化失代偿期和代偿期患者均存在缺钙缺镁,且缺镁随病情的加重呈进行性降低.细胞内钙相对增高,细胞内钙蓄积.     

The content of calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, lead and chromium in the blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

The blood concentrations of calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, lead and chromium were measured in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in a "normal" control group. The values of hemoglobin and the effect of some drugs on the metals studied were also estimated. In metal analyses the atomic absorption spectrophotometric technique was used. The mean concentration of copper in the blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis was significantly higher than in the control group. This was not true in females taking conteceptive drugs that cause elevated serum copper concentrations. Chromium concentrations were significantly lower in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The mean concentrations of zinc was higher in rheumatoid females than in female controls. The concentrations of calcium, magnesium and lead were not found to be different in patients with rheumatoid arthritis from those in the control group.