下肢深静脉功能不全的检测与修复材料选择的研究

目的寻找下肢深静脉瓣膜包窄术最佳环包材料,了解彩色超声多普勒对深静脉瓣膜功能不全的诊断价值和月国静脉瓣膜功能。方法观察以自体大隐静脉片、自体阔筋膜和人造血管片作深静脉瓣膜包窄术的效果;彩色超声多普勒与经月国静脉插管造影结果对比;月国静脉瓣膜血液动力学检查。结果自体阔筋膜和大隐静脉片逐渐挛缩呈纤维化瘢痕增生,而人造血管的形态和结构无明显变化;彩色超声多普勒与经月国静脉插管造影检测下肢深静脉功能比较,前者与后者的符合率为９１．８６％;屏气时股、月国静脉瓣膜同时关闭,小腿三头肌收缩时月国静脉瓣膜开放程度明显大于股静脉瓣膜。结论以人造血管作环包材料效果最好;彩色超声多普勒以其无创性成为重要的检测手段;月国静脉瓣膜是保护小腿深静脉功能的最后屏障     

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目的研究下肢深静脉瓣膜外成形术的临床应用价值。方法自2001年1月至2002年10月，四川省人民医院选择经静脉造影或彩色多普勒检查确诊为原发性下肢静脉瓣膜功能不全的37条患肢行静脉瓣膜外成形术。结果31条患肢随访6个月至2年，疗效良好者30条，轻度肿胀1条。经彩色多普勒检查，均无返流。结论深静脉瓣膜外成形术方法简便，不需阻断、切开深静脉，只要操作正确，术后并发症少，是治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的首选术式。     

彩超诊断下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的研究

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声显像(CDFI）在下肢深静脉瓣功能不全性疾病(DVI)诊断中的意义。方法 用CDFI检查DVI患者及正常对照组下肢殷、眶静脉血流状况，综合二维超声、频谱图像、彩色多普勒血流图等进行分析。结果 两组血流速度、管径、瓣膜区返流等指数均有极显著性差异(P＜0．001）。结论 CDFI对DVI的诊断有重要价值。     

股浅静脉戴戒术术中彩色多普勒超声的应用体会

目的 研究术中彩色多普勒超声指导股浅静脉戴戒术治疗原发性深静脉瓣膜功能不全疗效。方法 对原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的患者63例69条肢体采用股浅静脉戴戒术，术中应用彩色多普勒超声测量静脉返流，瓣环扩大及判定瓣膜的功能．指导最佳环缩位置及程度，并于术中判断瓣环及瓣膜修复情况。结果 全组病例均于术中证实，瓣环环缩适当，瓣膜开闭良好，静脉返流完全控制。结论 术中彩色多普勒超声的应用使股浅静脉戴戒术更精确有效，避免了盲目环缩的位置不当、环缩程度不够、返流控制不完善等弊端。     

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目的 通过对1139条下肢深静脉顺行造影结果分析，了解各种下肢静脉疾病所占的比例。方法 1993年3月至2001年1月，共行下肢静脉顺行造影1113例共1139条肢体。结果 原发性深静脉瓣膜功能不全723条下肢（63．47％），其中双股静脉畸形的原发性深静脉瓣膜功能不全38条（3．34％）；深静脉血栓后遗症209条（18．35％）；单纯性大隐静脉曲张199条（17．47％）；先天性无瓣膜症4条（0．35％）；先天性静脉畸形骨肥大综合征4条（0．35％）。结论 下肢深静脉造影是下肢静脉疾病诊断和鉴别诊断的最可靠方法，为下肢静脉疾病的治疗提供了可靠的依据。     

股浅静脉瓣膜包窄术治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的评价

目的：评价下肢深静脉瓣膜包术的临床应用价值。方法：经静脉造影等检查后,诊断为原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全,倒流3－4级,其倒流程度为轻度和中度399例（405条患肢）施行手术。结果：至1999年2月,70％患肢已随访3－139个月,平均5年以上,疗效满意占86％,病情好转为12％,无效2％。结论：下肢深静脉瓣膜包窄术有合理的理论基础,操作简便,易于在基层推广。合理选择手术适应证,是手术成功的关键。     

复发性下肢静脉曲张再手术原因分析

目的:探讨分析复发性下肢静脉曲张再手术的原因。方法:总结63例复发性下肢静脉曲张患者的临床资料,应用彩色多普勒和顺行静脉造影了解下肢深静脉和交通支瓣膜功能。结果:63例中52例为下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全,11例为交通支瓣膜功能不全伴隐静脉主干及其部分属支残留。结论:有效修复深静脉瓣膜功能,结扎和离断相应属支及交通支,阻断静脉的反流,纠正3个静脉系统及溃疡周围的血液滞留,是防治下肢静脉曲张术后复发的主要措施。     

下肢深静脉瓣膜疾病临床诊治研究

１９８９～１９９７年，作者对１２１例下肢原发性深静脉瓣膜功能不全病人施行了不同方法的瓣膜功能重建术，疗效满意，同时对临床诊断、评估病情方面进行了研究。报告如下。１双功能彩超检查下肢深静脉瓣膜功能１１方法本组患病肢体８６条，均行双功能彩色多普勒超声检...     

应用彩色多普勒超声诊断下肢静脉血栓38例临床分析

目的观察彩色多普勒超声诊断下肢静脉血栓的声像图特点及应用价值。方法对笔者所在医院2008年4月～2010年12月应用彩色多普勒超声诊断下肢静脉血栓的38例患者的声像图资料进行总结分析。结果彩超检查发现,38例下肢静脉血栓中髂外至股静脉栓塞共11例,单纯髂外静脉栓塞共5例,单纯股静脉栓塞共4例,单纯腘静脉栓塞共4例,深静脉瓣功能不全共1例、大隐静脉及小隐静脉栓塞共7例。结论采用彩色多普勒超声诊断下肢静脉血栓确诊率高,具有快速、安全、无创、可重复等优点,为临床诊断及治疗提供了可靠的参考依据,值得推广。     

光电容积描记诊断下肢静脉瓣膜功能不全的临床评价—静脉造影对照分析

目的 评价光电容积描记（PPG）对下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全诊断的临床价值。方法 用光电容积描记测定原发性深静脉瓣膜功能不全、单纯浅静脉瓣膜功能不全和单纯交通静脉瓣膜功能不全共181例206条肢体的静脉再充盈时间（VRT）,并与静脉造影作对照分析。结果 以静脉造影作对照,PPG诊断下肢静脉瓣膜功能不全的诊断灵敏度为89.8%,特异性为83.3%,结论 PPG在检测下肢静脉瓣膜功能不全有重要临床价值。具有无创伤、无痛苦、无过敏的优点,可作为静脉造影前的筛选和术后患者随访复查的重要手段。     

应用间歇性气体压缩装置预防人工髋关节置换术下肢深静脉血栓形成

目的探讨对有高出血风险患者应用间歇性气体压缩装置预防人工髋关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的效果及护理要点。方法2010年3月至2013年1月,对有高出血风险、需要行人工全髋关节置换术或人工股骨头置换术的患者58例,采用基本预防和下肢间歇性气体压缩装置物理预防。主要观察双下肢肢体颜色、肿胀、疼痛等病症,双下肢彩色多普勒超声检查结果。结果58例有高出血风险患者人工髋关节置换术后,其中5例发生患侧肢体疼痛、肿胀,3例无症状、体征,经彩色多普勒超声检查提示深静脉血栓形成共8例,发生率13．65％。结论有高出血风险患者人工髋关节置换术后应用间歇性气体压缩装置,正确使用、仔细观察并有效解决应用中的问题,能有效地预防和减少下肢深静脉血栓形成。     

Strain gauge plethysmography in the assessment of venous reflux after subfascial closure of perforating veins: a prospective study of twenty patients

Doppler ultrasonography and strain gauge plethysmography were used prospectively to study the hemodynamic changes in 20 patients' (5 men and 15 women) legs operated on by means of subfascial closure for insufficiency of perforating veins. In 10 patients (50%) the valves of the deep veins were incompetent as verified by Doppler ultrasonography, and deep vein thrombosis had previously been diagnosed in seven patients. After subfascial ligature, strain gauge plethysmography showed no changes in arterial flow, venous capacity, or in venous emptying rate. However, both venous reflux flow and reflux volume were significantly lowered (p less than 0.01) after surgery as compared to values before operation. The clinical objective results were good in all cases. In two of four patients with fair subjective results the arterial flow was pathologically high, which probably implies the presence of microscopic arteriovenous fistulas. It is concluded that strain gauge plethysmography can quantitate the change in deep venous reflux after ligation of perforating veins.     

初次髋膝关节置换术后静脉血栓发生情况的观察比较

目的 :通过对大样本的初次全髋、膝关节置换术患者的资料进行统计分析,描述初次髋、膝关节术后静脉血栓的发生率及解剖分布。方法:纳入2013年12月至2014年12月行初次全髋、膝关节置换术1 686例患者,其中THA 928例,TKA 758例。所有患者术前、出院前常规行双下肢静脉彩超,术中常规使用抗纤溶药,术后抗凝14 d。统计分析术后血栓发生类型及其解剖分布。结果:初次全髋关节置换术患者928例,30例出现血栓,27例为孤立性肌间静脉血栓,其次为累及腓静脉或胫后静脉的周围性血栓,无中心型血栓发生。初次全膝关节置换术患者758例中,87例出现血栓,81例为周围型血栓,4例为中心型血栓,其余2例为混合型血栓;74例的血栓累及单支静脉,65例累及肌间静脉、4例股静脉、3例胫后静脉、2例浅静脉;13例的血栓累及多支静脉,多累及肌间静脉、胫后静脉、腓静脉、静脉中的2支或3支。对比结果发现,全膝关节置换术后血栓发生率较高,差异有统计学意义(P0.001),且更容易出现中心型血栓及多支静脉受累。结论:在现代血栓预防措施的干预下,初次髋、膝关节置换术后血栓发生率较低,其发生率及解剖分布存在差异。     

高龄髋关节置换术后深静脉血栓形成的防治

目的探讨高龄患者行人工髋关节置换术后深静脉血栓形成的防治。方法21例高龄患者行髋关节置换术,术后深静脉血栓形成时立即进行超声多普勒检查。结果术后死亡1例,20例中出现深静脉近端血栓6例,远端血栓14例,无全静脉血栓。经卧床休息、抬高患肢、使用弹力袜,抗凝溶栓治疗好转。结论高龄患者多伴有心血管或呼吸系统疾病,围手术期的正确处理和规范细致的手术操作可以减少和治疗髋关节置换术后深静脉血栓的形成。     

Color Doppler Flow Imaging For Deep Venous Thrombosis Screening in Patients Undergoing Pelvic Lymphadenectomy and Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy for Prostatic Carcinoma

Patients undergoing pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical retropubic prostatectomy are traditionally considered to be at high risk for postoperative venous thromboembolic complications. A prospective deep venous thrombosis screening regimen was initiated at our medical center in 1990 following 2 cases of fatal pulmonary embolism that occurred after hospital discharge. During a 3-year period 245 consecutive patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy for prostate cancer were screened postoperatively for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis using ultrasound duplex scanning with color Doppler flow imaging. The results were correlated only with the development of clinical deep venous thrombosis. No additional diagnostic modalities were used to confirm a normal venous system in asymptomatic patients.

Venous thromboembolic complications were encountered in 9 of the 245 patients (3.6 percent). In 2 patients deep venous thrombosis was associated with nonfatal pulmonary embolism. Only 2 of the 9 cases of deep venous thrombosis were detected by color Doppler flow imaging screening. The striking decrease in the incidence of deep venous thrombosis following radical prostatectomy in the last decade and the low yield of screening at a single point in time may warrant reconsideration of the need for deep venous thrombosis screening among patients undergoing pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical retropubic prostatectomy for prostate cancer.     

彩超检测在预防人工关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的应用

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声监测抗凝及早期锻炼预防人工关节置换术后下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的应用价值.方法 对接受人工髋、膝关节置换术患者199例予术前、术后进行双下肢深静脉彩色多普勒超声检测,为术后抗凝及早期锻炼提供依据,并对检出下肢深静脉血栓阳性患者及时进行溶栓等处理,追踪观察治疗效果.结果 149例接受全髋关节置...     

Aspirin prophylaxis and surveillance of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis in total hip arthroplasty

This is a prospective study of aspirin prophylaxis and thromboembolism surveillance in 159 patients having total hip arthroplasty by one surgeon at one institution. All patients had preoperative venous Doppler examination of the lower extremities and a ventilation-perfusion lung scan. Aspirin (650 mg) was given the night prior to surgery and continued at that dose twice per day. Venous Doppler examination was performed 10-14 days after operation. Asymptomatic pulmonary embolism was treated with oral anticoagulation only. There was a 12.6% incidence of pulmonary embolism, but only 1.9% of all patients developed a symptomatic pulmonary embolus. No patient had a fatal pulmonary embolus. No patient had a clinically evident deep vein thrombosis, and venous Doppler examination detected only nine patients with deep vein thrombosis (5.7%). The venous Doppler examination could not predict which patients would develop a pulmonary embolism. The authors could not determine a group of patients at high risk for the development of pulmonary embolism. There was no correlation between well-established "risk factors" and the development of pulmonary embolism. There was no correlation between the use of cemented or uncemented components and the development of pulmonary embolism. There were few complications of this prophylactic regimen of aspirin and surveillance. The authors believe this may be an acceptable prophylactic regimen for patients having total hip arthroplasty. However, the value of venous Doppler examination in the detection of deep vein thrombosis following total hip arthroplasty is uncertain.     

下肢静脉曲张术后复发的原因分析(附46例报告)

目的分析下肢静脉曲张术后复发的原因。方法总结中山大学附属第二医院2002年6月至2004年8月收治的46例（52条患肢）下肢静脉曲张术后复发病人的临床资料，其中合并下肢静脉性溃疡20例（24条患肢）。所有病人均行深、浅静脉及交通静脉彩色多普勒超声检查和患肢顺行性深静脉造影。结果复发的原因有大隐静脉主干及其部分属支残存（11条患肢），合并交通静脉功能不全（35条患肢），合并深静脉瓣膜功能不全（20条患肢）。出现小隐静脉曲张（10条患肢），深静脉血栓形成后遗症（5条患肢），同时存在3个静脉系统病变（15条患肢）。结论下肢静脉曲张术后复发的原因较为复杂，通常累及3个静脉系统。交通静脉功能不全是导致下肢静脉曲张术后复发的主要原因。术前全面的影像学检查和选择正确的手术方式是避免术后静脉曲张复发的关键。     

Comprehensive laparoscopic approach to pediatric varicocele based on preoperative color Doppler ultrasound assessment

Background This study aimed to assess whether laparoscopic treatment for any kind of varicocele is possible after preoperative identification of refluxing veins by color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS). Methods At the authors’ institution, 98 patients with a median age of 11.3 years (range, 7.1–16 years) were evaluated for a left varicocele. Preoperatively, all the patients underwent ultrasound scan assessment of testicular volume and CDUS to rule out reflux into the internal spermatic vein (ISV), deferential vein, or cremasteric vein. In all the patients, laparoscopic division of the spermatic artery and veins was performed as close as possible to the internal inguinal ring. The other vessels were coagulated and divided if shown to be refluxing on CDUS. Results Color Doppler ultrasound showed reflux only in the ISV in 87 cases (88.7%), but in both the ISV and the deferential in the remaining 11 cases (11.2%). During a median follow-up period of 18 months (range, 6–49 months), none of the authors’ patients experienced varicocele recurrence either clinically or according to CDUS scanning. The median left testicular volume increased significantly postoperatively. Conclusion The proposed technique based on laparoscopic interruption of the ISV and testicular artery very close to the internal inguinal ring, meticulous CDUS assessment to rule out reflux in the deferential vein, and coagulation of refluxing deferential veins allows successful laparoscopic treatment of most varicoceles.     

Low incidence of deep venous thrombosis after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

The effects of the increased intraabdominal pressure that occurs during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the effects of the reverse Trendelenburg position adopted for the procedure on deep venous thrombosis (DVT) were investigated prospectively. Thirty patients who underwent laparoscopic and 13 who underwent open cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholelithiasis were investigated for postoperative DVT. Lower extremity venous blood flow was examined by color Doppler ultrasonography before and after operations. Thrombus formation was not found in the femoral, popliteal, or iliac veins of any of the patients who underwent either open or laparoscopic cholecystectomy. None of the patients in either group displayed signs of DVT or pulmonary embolus. We concluded that the incidence of DVT does not increase with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.