不同剂量经皮雌激素对中重度宫腔粘连术后预后影响的研究

目的比较分析不同剂量的经皮雌激素对于中重度宫腔粘连(IUA)术后患者的治疗效果和预后,探讨安全有效的经皮雌激素治疗方案。方法选择2017年5月至2019年5月在本院初次接受宫腔镜下宫腔粘连分离术(TCRA)治疗的中重度宫腔粘连患者,按照1:1:1随机分配到试验组A(经皮雌激素5 g组)、试验组B(经皮雌激素10 g组)和对照组(口服雌激素组)各80例进入前瞻性研究;比较三组一般临床资料、治疗前后子宫内膜厚度和宫腔探查分级评分、月经恢复、宫腔恢复和三组患者治疗过程中不良反应发生情况。结果 3组治疗前增值晚期子宫内膜厚度和宫腔探查分级评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而治疗后子宫内膜厚度均较术前显著增厚、宫腔探查分级评分较术前显著降低(P均<0.01),且3组间有统计学差异(F=8.677,P=0.000;χ^2=7.716,P=0.021),试验组B子宫内膜厚度显著高于对照组(P<0.01),试验组B宫腔探查评分显著低于试验组A和对照组(P<0.01);3组间月经改善率和宫腔恢复情况差异无统计学意义(χ^2=4.995,P=0.084;χ^2=4.183,P=0.124);试验组A和组B肝功能异常发生率均为1.25%(1/80),显著低于对照组[8.75%(7/80)](χ^2=7.782,P=0.020);各组用药前后血脂和凝血指标的变化不明显(P>0.05)。结论对于中、重度宫腔粘连患者,TCRA术后应用经皮雌激素和口服补佳乐均有助于修复子宫内膜、降低分级评分,且前者肝功能损害风险小,不会影响血脂代谢以及凝血功能;较大剂量经皮雌激素更有利于降低分级评分,改善预后,具有更好的应用价值。     

A retrospective study on estrogen or contraceptives in the treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding in adolescent patients

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of estrogen or contraceptives in the treatment of acute bleeding of dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) in adolescent patients and the optimal starting dosage of drugs.Methods: The clinical records of 106 girls who with DUB and moderate or severe anemia from February 1990 to July 2005 were analyzed retrospectively.Results: All 106 patients received hormonal therapy. 56 patients were treated with estradiol benzoate(E2), 30 patients with conjugated equine estrogen(CEE) and 20 patients with combined oral contraceptives (COCs). The rates for rapidly controlling bleeding and for rapidly stopping bleeding in E2 group were higher than those in CEE group ,but similar to those in COCs group. The days for controlling and completely stopping bleeding were not significantly different between the starting dosages (≤8 mg/d and >8 mg/d) of E2 groups, and also there were no statistical difference between the starting dosages (<7.5 mg/d and ≥7.5 mg/d) of CEE groups, but during the treatment the rate of increasing the dosage in <7.5 mg/d group was higher than that of ≥7.5 mg/d group(40% vs. 5%),while there were no statistical difference between the starting dosages (≤3 pills/d and >3 pills/d) of COCs groups. Conclusions: The clinical efficiency of E2 treatment on DUB in adolescent patients is similar to that of COCs. And the efficacies of treatment of DUB with E2, CEE and COCs in the different dosages are similar.     

雌激素或避孕药治疗青春期功能性子宫出血的效果分析

目的探讨雌激素及避孕药治疗青春期功能性子宫出血(功血)的止血效果和适宜的起始剂量。方法对我院1990年2月至2005年7月治疗的106例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组106例中采用苯甲酸雌二醇(E2)组56例,口服结合雌激素(CEE)组30例,口服避孕药(COCs)组20例。快速控制出血率和快速止血率CEE组与E2组相比有显著延长,COCs与E2组效果相似。控制出血时间和完全止血时间E2起始剂量≤8 mg/d组和>8 mg/d组相比无显著差异;CEE起始剂量<7.5 mg/d与≥7.5 mg/d组相比也无显著差异,但需加量治疗率明显增加;COCs(妈富隆)≤3片/d与>3片/d组相比也无显著差异。结论用COCs治疗青春期功血在控制出血方面效果与E2的效果类似。增加上述各药的剂量,并不增强其止血效果。     

醋酸甲孕酮致异常子宫出血——性激素与子宫内膜超微结构的改变

目的探讨长效醋酸甲孕酮(DMPA)致异常子宫出血的机理。方法自愿使用注射DMPA 150 mg避孕者52人,用药前及用药满一年时测定血雌孕激素水平,受试者记录一年中阴道出血情况,长期异常子宫出血者选取6人刮取子宫内膜,电镜观察子宫内膜超微结构。结果DMPA使用者用药前后血雌二醇、孕酮值差异无显著性(P>0.05)。其中闭经组、正常子宫出血组、异常子宫出血组血雌孕激素结果相似。异常子宫出血者子宫内膜超微结构显示子宫内膜上皮细胞与腺上皮细胞形态轻度异常,腺腔无糖原颗粒分泌;间质细胞变化与用药时间长短相关,早期间质细胞形态轻度异常,晚期大量间质细胞凋亡,毛细血管少见。结论DMPA致异常子宫出血与低雌激素相关,但雌激素不是单一决定因素。     

妈富隆与雌激素治疗青春期功血临床疗效观察

目的：探讨妈富隆与雌激素对青春期功能失调性子宫出血的治疗效果。方法：将2008年1月～2010年1月治疗的64例青春期功能失调性子宫出血患者进行随机分组，A组（治疗组）32人，采用妈富隆治疗，B组（对照组）32人，采用雌激素治疗，根据观察结果，分析探讨两组的疗效。结果：A组治疗期间无异常出血发生，停药后撤血量基本正常。B组在减量及维持治疗中有3例发生突破性出血，且停药后撤血量明显多于A组。A组（妈富隆组）的控制出血时间和完全止血时间均优于B组（雌激素组），两组比较差异均有统计学意义。结论：妈富隆治疗青春期功能失调性子宫出血疗效显著，使用方便，不良反应少，患者易于接受。     

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral testosterone enanthate plus dutasteride for 4 weeks in normal men: implications for male hormonal contraception

Oral administration of testosterone enanthate (TE) and dutasteride increases serum testosterone and might be useful for male hormonal contraception. To ascertain the contraceptive potential of oral TE and dutasteride by determining the degree of gonadotropin suppression mediated by 4 weeks of oral TE plus dutasteride, 20 healthy young men were randomly assigned to 4 weeks of either 400 mg oral TE twice daily or 800 mg oral TE once daily in a double-blinded, controlled fashion at a single site. All men received 0.5 mg dutasteride daily. Blood for measurement of serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, dihydrotesterone (DHT), and estradiol was obtained prior to treatment, weekly during treatment, and 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 13, 14, 16, 20, and 24 hours after the morning dose on the last day of treatment. FSH was significantly suppressed throughout treatment with 800 mg TE once daily and after 4 weeks of treatment with 400 mg TE twice daily. LH was significantly suppressed after 2 weeks of treatment with 800 mg TE, but not with 400 mg TE. Serum DHT was suppressed and serum estradiol increased during treatment in both groups. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was suppresed during treatment, but liver function tests, hematocrit, creatinine, mood, and sexual function were unaffected. The administration of 800 mg oral TE daily combined with dutasteride for 28 days significantly suppresses gonadotropins without untoward side effects and might have utility as part of a male hormonal contraceptive regimen.     

正常月经周期中内皮素变化规律的研究

目的 :探讨健康育龄妇女正常月经周期中血浆及子宫内膜内皮素 ( ET)的变化 ,ET和卵巢甾体激素的相关性。方法 :对 3 8名正常月经周期妇女分别于增殖早、中期 ,分泌中、晚期 ,取 4次静脉血 ,应用放射免疫方法测定血浆 ET、雌激素 ( E2 )、孕激素 ( P)含量 ,其中 2 7名妇女选择某一期 ,采血同时取内膜测定子宫内膜 ET含量。结果 :正常月经周期各阶段血浆 ET水平无明显差异。子宫内膜组织 ET,分泌中、晚期 ( 3 .90± 1 .3 0 pg/mg)显著高于增殖早、中期 ( 2 .76± 1 .2 5 pg/mg) ( P<0 .0 5 )。无论是血浆 ET还是子宫内膜组织 ET均与雌、孕激素之间无明显相关性。结论 :子宫内膜中的 ET可能通过自分泌和 (或 )旁分泌机制参与子宫出血的调节 ,并与月经的始动有关。     

Perinatal cocaine exposure impairs myocardial beta-adrenoceptor signaling in the neonatal rat

Cardiac dysfunction occurs in infants with prenatal cocaine exposure, and gestational cocaine exposure induces presynaptic and postsynaptic changes in the central monoaminergic receptor pathways. The hypothesis of this study is that prenatal cocaine exposure adversely affects the peripheral adrenergic receptor (betaAR) signaling pathway in the neonatal rat heart. Timed pregnant rats received daily intragastric treatment with saline or cocaine 20 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg from Gestational Day 2 until parturition. After birth, nursing mothers either continued to receive the same treatment or received no treatment. Adenylyl cyclase activity, betaAR density, and the amount of immunoreactive G proteins were measured in myocardial membranes obtained from the offspring on Postnatal Day 1 or 7. On Postnatal Day 1, prenatal cocaine exposure increased the betaAR number but did not affect isoproterenol-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity. On Postnatal Day 7, perinatal cocaine exposure significantly attenuated isoproterenol-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in the absence of betaAR up-regulation. Prenatal cocaine exposure also significantly increased Gi protein and reduced GTP-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in Postnatal Day 1 cocaine (20 mg/kg) pups compared with saline (P < 0.05). Therefore, perinatal cocaine exposure impaired the myocardial betaAR-cAMP signaling pathway during the first week of postnatal life in the rat. IMPLICATIONS: This study shows that maternal cocaine use during pregnancy impairs the beta-adrenoceptor signaling pathway in the rat during the first week of life. Abnormal cardiac function in the cocaine-exposed neonate may be related to a defect in beta-adrenoceptors, because they regulate cardiac function.     

妈富隆治疗青春期功血32例临床研究

目的探讨妈富隆（去氧孕烯炔雌醇片）治疗青春期功能失调性子宫出血（功血）的疗效。方法对62例青春期功血患者分别采用妈富隆（A组）和结合雌激素倍美力（B组）治疗,观察两组止血时间及效果。结果妈富隆组在显效时间、止血时间及失败率上明显优于结合雌激素组,且副作用小,依从性好。结论妈富隆治疗青春期功能失调性子宫出血方法简便,安全性好,疗效显著,副作用少。     

Evaluation of daily avanafil efficacy in improving the endothelial function in Egyptian males with erectile dysfunction

Avanafil is a highly selective and potent oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor. However, its impact on the soluble markers of endothelial function has not been investigated yet. This study was conducted to assess the effect of daily avanafil on the endothelial markers' serum level and erectile function in patients with erectile dysfunction. In this work, we randomly divided 140 males with erectile dysfunction and other diseases commonly associated with endothelial dysfunction like diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidaemia into two equal groups: treatment group, treated with 50mg daily oral avanafil, and control group, treated with placebo. The International Index of Erectile Function-5 score and the serum levels of nitric oxide, cyclic guanosine monophosphate and endothelin-1 as markers of endothelial function were measured at baseline and after four weeks of treatment in both groups. At the end of treatment period, those randomised to avanafil achieved statistically significant improvement in erectile function, nitric oxide, cyclic guanosine monophosphate and endothelin-1 levels from baseline versus placebo regardless the type and duration of associated comorbidity as well as the duration and severity of erectile dysfunction. These results permitted us to suggest that daily avanafil can improve the impaired endothelial function associated with the erectile dysfunction.     

妇康片联合妈富隆治疗青春期功能性子宫出血的疗效分析

目的对妇康片联合妈富隆治疗青春期功能性子宫出血的临床疗效进行观察并探讨。方法取本医院自2012年8月～2014年2月接诊的青春期DUB患者78例,随机将患者分为观察组和对照组,观察组39例接受口服妈富隆和妇康片治疗;而对照组39例则仅接受口服妈富隆治疗。治疗前后观察两组患者的月经周期控制效果和止血时间,并统计两组出现的相应副作用。结果治疗后,观察组有效率为94.9%（37/39）,对照组为79.5%（31/39）,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;观察组控制出血和完全止血时间分别为（22.1±8.3）d和（37.6±15.8）d,对照组为（36.3±10.2）d和（58.1±16.7）d,止血失败率比较,观察组与对照组分别为0和12.8%,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;两组副作用比较差异不具有统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论妇康片联合妈富隆治疗青春期DUB,止血和对月经周期的控制效果好,且安全可靠,是治疗青春期DUB的较佳选择。     

Duration of increased bleeding tendency after cessation of aspirin therapy

BACKGROUND: Aspirin has a significant effect on hemostasis, so it is often recommended that patients taking aspirin discontinue treatment before elective surgery. While off aspirin, these patients may be at risk of thrombosis. The optimum period of time that aspirin should be withheld is controversial. The aim of this study was to establish the duration of the antihemostatic effect of prolonged aspirin therapy. STUDY DESIGN: In a prospective study, 51 healthy volunteers were randomly assigned into 3 groups, each receiving an identical tablet for 14 days. One group received a placebo tablet; individuals in the other two groups received either 75 mg or 300 mg of aspirin once a day. Template bleeding times and specific platelet function testing (using the PFA-100; Dade Behring) were carried out on subjects before therapy and again after its completion until they returned to baseline. RESULTS: Thirty-eight volunteers complied sufficiently with the protocol to provide useful results. All bleeding times normalized within 96 hours and all platelet function tests within 144 hours after stopping aspirin. There was no demonstrable hemostatic defect in any volunteer persisting by or beyond the sixth day after treatment cessation. There was no apparent difference in duration of effect between those taking either 75 mg or 300 mg of aspirin. CONCLUSIONS: This study uses sensitive measures of platelet function to demonstrate the duration of increased bleeding tendency after withdrawal of aspirin therapy. It supports discontinuation of aspirin therapy 5 days before elective surgery (with the operation being performed on the sixth day).     

射频与滚球或滚筒电极电凝子宫内膜去除术治疗功能失调性子宫出血的比较

目的 探讨射频子宫内膜去除术治疗功能失调性子宫出血的效果.方法 回顾性分析2011年1月～2012年1月我院异常子宫出血65例,按手术方法不同分为射频组(射频子宫内膜去除术,采用美国HOLOGIC公司子宫内膜去除系统,n=33)和电凝组(滚球或滚筒电极电凝子宫内膜去除术,采用德国诺道夫公司子宫内膜去除系统,n=32),比较2种手术方法的疗效.结果 射频组术后48 h VAS评分明显低于电凝组[(2.1±0.7)分vs.(3.8±1.2)分,t=-7.003,P=0.000].术后6个月射频组月经情况:闭经17例,点滴量月经8例,少量月经6例,正常经量2例,治疗有效率100％;电凝组:闭经16例,点滴量月经8例,少量月经7例,正常经量1例,治疗有效率100％,2组比较无统计学差异(Z=-0.057,P=0.955).术后12个月射频组月经情况:闭经15例,点滴量月经7例,少量月经7例,正常经量4例,治疗有效率100％;电凝组:闭经15例,点滴量月经6例,少量月经8例,正常经量3例,治疗有效率100％,2组比较无统计学差异(Z=-0.105,P=0.916).结论 射频子宫内膜去除术治疗无生育要求的功能失调性子宫出血安全、有效.     

Long-term results in the treatment of menorrhagia and hypermenorrhea with a thermal balloon endometrial ablation technique.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Evaluation of long-term results using a thermal balloon endometrial ablation technique to treat menorrhagia and hypermenorrhea, considered dysfunctional uterine bleedings. METHODS: A single-arm, prospective study with long-term follow-up of 48 months at the department of obstetrics and gynecology, University of Kiel, Germany. Following hysteroscopic evaluation of the uterine cavity and fractionated curettage, the Cavaterm endometrial thermal ablation technique was performed on 70 patients over the age of 40 with menorrhagia and hypermenorrhea in whom medical treatment had previously failed. The study included a group of 10 patients with adenomyosis and uterine fibroids. RESULTS: In 65 patients, a complete 48-month follow-up evaluation was possible: 58% of patients reported amenorrhea and 33% hypomenorrhea. Nine percent of patients remained eumenorrheic. Fifty percent of the small group with failed indications for the procedure had to undergo a hysterectomy. CONCLUSIONS: The Cavaterm thermal coagulation system in the earlier mode of application (15 minutes at a temperature of 70 degrees C and a pressure of 200 mm Hg) is a safe and highly effective method of endometrial ablation resulting in a minimal amount of posttreatment menstrual bleeding.     

绝经早期妇女长期周期联合应用经皮雌二醇与口服孕激素的阴道出血情况

目的探讨中国绝经早期妇女长期周期联合应用经皮雌二醇与口服孕激素的出血情况。方法开放性随机前瞻性研究7年。周期联合应用雌孕激素,雌激素为经皮雌二醇(E_2)凝胶,口服孕激素为微粉化天然黄体酮(MP)与甲羟孕酮(MPA)。60例绝经早期(1～5年)妇女随机分为4组:G1(E_2 1.5 mg/d+MP100 mg/d);G2(E_2 1.5 mg/d+MPA 2 mg/d);G3(E_2 0.75 mg/d+MP100 mg/d);G4(E_2 0.75 mg/d+MPA 2 mg/d)。每周期连用25 d,停药5 d。记录出血日记,包括出血日、出血天数和出血量;分别将出血天数≤7 d且血量≤1.0、出血天数≤7 d且血量1.0、出血天数7 d且血量≤1.0、出血天数7 d且血量1.0定义为可接受性优、良、中、差;出血次数/记录周期数定义为出血率。分别于用药1～7年时进行子宫内膜细胞吸片检查。结果(1)95.60%的出血集中于第10～32 d之间,88.83%的出血天数在7 d之内,96.75%的出血量少于2.0。(2)4组间不同可接受程度出血的构成比有显著差别。G1、G3、G4接受性优的比例高于G2,G4接受性差的比例显著低于G1、G2、G3。(3)各组总体出血率分别为1 6.05%、59.03%、9.77%、30.66%,组间差异显著(P0.05);出血率随用药时间延长而降低。(4)子宫内膜细胞吸片均未见恶性改变。结论低剂量雌激素加用天然黄体酮的出血率明显低于其他组;高剂量雌激素加用甲羟孕酮的出血率明显高于其他组;出血率随用药时间延长而降低;低剂量雌激素加用甲羟孕酮可能在控制出血天数和出血量方面效果较好;4种方案的内膜安全性均好。     

血管内介入治疗子宫特殊部位妊娠

目的探讨血管内介入治疗在子宫特殊部位异位妊娠治疗中的临床意义。方法对22例子宫特殊部位妊娠患者行双侧子宫动脉灌注氨甲蝶呤加栓塞术治疗,其中宫颈妊娠6例、子宫切口妊娠15例、宫角妊娠1例,分析其临床疗效。结果 20例经子宫动脉栓塞术后血β-HCG水平呈进行性显著下降,2～3周均降至正常。6例因仍有少量阴道出血及妊娠物残留,于术后5～19天行清宫术,无子宫破裂和大出血发生,随访2个月后月经周期均恢复正常。结论血管内介入治疗子宫特殊部位异位妊娠微创、安全有效、并发症少,可保留患者子宫及生育功能。     

Erectile dysfunction. Is an oral medication during the diagnostic pathway indicated?

For patients with erectile dysfunction oral medication seems to be the most comfortable form of application. This can also be seen in the expectations looking forward to Sildenafil and other drugs in development. We present a prospective examination with the oral medication of 100 mg acecarbamol, 30 mg extract of cortex quebracho and 33 mg tocopherol acetate (Afrodor) in 100 patients complaining secondary erectile dysfunction. The patients were treated unselected with 3 x 1 tablet/day during the diagnostic schedule. 14% of the patients were able to perform satisfying sexual intercourse after 4 weeks of medication and another 15% showed an increased libido. Therefore we suggest, that the application of an oral medication, might be useful, especially during the time of diagnostics. Especially for those patients who gain without invasive diagnostic tools as intracavernous injection.     

The effects of OP-1206 alpha-CD on walking dysfunction in the rat neuropathic intermittent claudication model

IV prostaglandin E1 improves clinical symptoms in patients with spinal canal stenosis. In the present study, we assessed the effects of OP-1206 alpha-CD, an orally active prostaglandin E1 analog, on walking dysfunction in the rat neuropathic intermittent claudication model. To induce spinal stenosis, two pieces of silicon rubber were placed in the lumbar (L4-6) epidural space in rats. Postsurgical walking function was measured using a treadmill apparatus. Spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) and skin blood flow (SKBF) were measured using a laser-Doppler flowmeter. OP-1206 alpha-CD was administered orally bid for 11 days from postoperative Day 3. In Control nontreated rats, a significant walking dysfunction was observed from Day 1 after the induction of spinal stenosis and persisted for 14 days when compared with the Sham-Operated group. On postoperative Day 15, SCBF revealed a significant reduction in the territory of spinal stenosis, although SKBF was not affected. OP-1206 alpha-CD significantly improved walking dysfunction on postoperative Days 5 (300 microg/kg), 7 (150 and 300 microg/kg), and 14 (150 and 300 microg/kg) when compared with the Vehicle-Treated group. On postoperative Day 15, the decrease in SCBF was significantly (150 and 300 microg/kg) improved by OP-1206 alpha-CD treatment, albeit SKBF remained unaffected. These data show that oral treatment with OP-1206 alpha-CD is effective in improving walking dysfunction induced by spinal canal stenosis, and this therapeutic effect is likely mediated by improved SCBF at the territory of spinal stenosis. IMPLICATIONS:Intermittent motor dysfunction is a clinical symptom associated with partial spinal compression. The present study provides evidence that oral treatment with the prostaglandin E1 analog (OP-1206 alpha-CD) is effective in improving motor dysfunction and spinal cord blood flow in rats with spinal compression.     

A double-blind randomized controlled trial of toremifen therapy for mastalgia

HYPOTHESIS: Toremifen is effective in reducing breast pain and does not increase the incidence of adverse events as a therapy for moderate to severe mastalgia.Design and PATIENTS: In a double-blind randomized controlled trial, patients with moderate to severe mastalgia received toremifen citrate, 30 mg daily, or a placebo tablet for 3 menstrual cycles and were followed up for breast pain score and adverse events. The serum levels of estradiol, progesterone, and prolactin were examined before treatment and correlated with the response rate to toremifen treatment. RESULTS: Seventy-two (69.2%) of 104 patients receiving toremifen and 29 (31.9%) of 91 receiving placebo responded to the treatment, with reduction in breast pain score of more than 50% (P<.001). Among the patients with cyclical mastalgia, the response rate for toremifen was 76.7% (59/77), whereas the response rate for placebo was 34.8% (23/66; P<.001). In contrast, the response rate of patients with noncyclical mastalgia was 48.1% (13/27) for toremifen and 24.0% (6/25) for placebo (P = .09). Adverse events were observed in 44 (42.9%) of 104 patients receiving placebo and 46 (50.5%) of 91 patients receiving toremifen (P = .45). A positive correlation between baseline breast pain score and serum estradiol level was observed in patients with cyclical mastalgia (r = 0.35, P = .003). CONCLUSIONS: Toremifen effectively relieves moderate and severe cyclical mastalgia and tends to exert a positive therapeutic effect on noncyclical mastalgia. In addition, toremifen therapy does not increase the incidence of intolerable adverse event. Therefore, it is a feasible therapy for mastalgia, especially cyclical mastalgia.     

Oral Valganciclovir Is Noninferior to Intravenous Ganciclovir for the Treatment of Cytomegalovirus Disease in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Intravenous ganciclovir is the standard treatment for cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients. Oral valganciclovir is a more convenient alternative. In a randomized, international trial, recipients with cytomegalovirus disease were treated with either 900 mg oral valganciclovir or 5 mg/kg i.v. ganciclovir twice daily for 21 days, followed by 900 mg daily valganciclovir for 28 days. A total of 321 patients were evaluated (valganciclovir [n = 164]; i.v. ganciclovir [n = 157]). The success rate of viremia eradication at Day 21 was 45.1% for valganciclovir and 48.4% for ganciclovir (95% CI -14.0% to +8.0%), and at Day 49; 67.1% and 70.1%, respectively (p = NS). Treatment success, as assessed by investigators, was 77.4% versus 80.3% at Day 21 and 85.4% versus 84.1% at Day 49 (p = NS). Baseline viral loads were not different between groups and decreased exponentially with similar half-lives and median time to eradication (21 vs. 19 days, p = 0.076). Side-effects and discontinuations of assigned treatment (18 of 321 patients) were comparable. Oral valganciclovir shows comparable safety and is not inferior to i.v. ganciclovir for treatment of cytomegalovirus disease in organ transplant recipients and provides a simpler treatment strategy, but care should be taken in extrapolating to organ transplant recipients not properly represented in the present study.