Innervation of NADPH diaphorase-containing neurons correlated with acetylcholinesterase, tyrosine hydroxylase, and neuropeptides in the pigeon cloaca

The motility of the avian cloaca is under neural control, but little is known about the neural network that accomplishes this function. This present study was designed to determine the distribution of nitric oxide-synthesising neurons in the pigeon cloaca by enzyme histochemistry for reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d). NADPH-d-positive staining was seen in the neurons and fibres in the cloaca. The highest density of nerve fibres was noted in the coprodeum and the lowest in the proctodeum. In the coprodeum, NADPH-d neurons were found singly, formed small groups of 2–10 neurons, or were seen in plexuses in the muscle layer, lamina propria, or around the arterioles. Several NADPH-d-positive neurons were also observed in the ganglia of the cloaca. NADPH-d fibres ran in the muscle layer, lamina muscularis mucosae and lamina propria, or surrounded blood vessels. The distribution pattern of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-stained neurons and fibres in the cloaca was similar to that of NADPH-d. Double staining for NADPH-d and AChE showed colocalisation of the 2 enzymes in many neurons of the cloaca. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive nerve fibres originating outside the cloaca were also noted. In the urodeum and proctodeum, neurons or fibres positive for NADPH-d, AChE or TH were scattered in the lamina propria. Nerve fibres immunoreactive for calcitonin-gene related peptide, galanin, methionine-enkephalin, substance P, and vasoactive intestinal peptide were found sparsely in the cloaca. Our results demonstrate that nitrergic neurons constitute a subpopulation which is closely associated with the cholinergic system in the pigeon cloaca.     

肝硬化大鼠脊髓内一氧化氮合酶阳性神经元分布的研究

目的探讨肝硬化对神经系统所产生的影响及肝硬化大鼠在脊髓中NOS量效关系,即肝硬化大鼠脊髓内一氧化氮合酶分布的研究。方法采用NADPH鄄d组化法及LeicaQ500IW图像分析系统对肝硬化大鼠脊髓颈、胸、腰段一氧化氮合酶阳性细胞进行数量及灰度的测定。结果正常组与肝硬化组分为两个等级:低密区和高密区,低密区灰度定为60,高密区为90,两组Wistar大鼠NOS阳性神经元灰度均为60,差异无显著性。在脊髓灰质区,一氧化氮合酶阳性细胞主要分布在中央管周围即脊髓板层第Ⅹ层和中间外侧核。NADPH鄄d呈色为强阳性,细胞形态多为三角形和梭形,胞核不着色,胞质色深。细胞中等大小,以25μm为主。在脊髓颈、胸、腰各段灰质中间带NOS阳性细胞分布的数量基本相等,没有特异性变化。结论肝硬化大鼠与正常大鼠一氧化氮合酶的表达在脊髓内是相同的。NOS在脊髓节段的分布特性可能说明肝硬化大鼠低级交感神经的调控与正常无异。     

大鼠脑干神经元型一氧化氮合酶免疫阳性神经元的分布

目的　观察大鼠脑干神经元型一氧化氮合酶 (nNOS)免疫阳性神经元的分布 ,为探讨nNOS的作用提供形态学资料。方法　用ABC免疫细胞化学方法显示脑干nNOS免疫阳性神经元。结果　大鼠脑干nNOS免疫阳性神经元以中脑和脑桥分布丰富 ,延髓较稀少 ;在中脑 ,nNOS免疫阳性神经元主要分布于中脑水管周围灰质的背侧部、被盖背外侧核、中缝背核、上下丘灰质等部位 ;在脑桥 ,主要分布于被盖背外侧核、脑桥中缝核、被盖脚桥核、蓝斑、臂旁核、斜方体核 ,以及脑桥网状结构 ;与中脑和脑桥相比 ,延髓nNOS免疫阳性神经元较少 ,主要分布于延髓网状结构、三叉神经脊束核和孤束核等核团。结论　分布于脑干内丰富的nNOS免疫阳性神经元可能通过其生成的NO调节其他神经递质的分泌 ,共同参与内脏活动、感觉和运动的传导 ,以及睡眠和觉醒等脑的高级整合功能的调节。     

大鼠端脑内一氧化氮合酶阳性神经元的发育

目的研究大鼠胚胎时期及生后早期一氧化氮合酶（NOS）阳性神经元在端脑的分布,探讨一氧化氮（NO）在脑发育过程中的作用。方法应用还原型尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸脱氢酶（NADPH-d）组织化学方法观察孕14d起至生后14d大鼠端脑内NOS阳性神经元的形态和分布。结果孕14d没有观察到阳性神经元。孕15d纹状体腹外侧已有NOS阳性表达。孕17d在大脑皮质、梨状皮质观察到NOS阳性神经元,但胞体小,树突短,且分支少。随着年龄的增长神经元的胞体数目增多、染色增强或维持一定的水平。到孕20d,NOS阳性神经元分布广泛,梨状皮质、纹状体腹外侧及终纹床核均有大量NOS阳性神经元,其胞体明显增大,树突分支复杂化,长度增加。在生后,除上述脑区的阳性神经元进一步发育分化,大脑皮质和纹状体的NOS阳性纤维相互编织成疏密不等的纤维网外,在胼胝体、海马也观察到NOS阳性神经元。到生后14d,NOS阳性神经元的分布模式总体上已与成年大鼠相似。结论NOS阳性神经元在端脑独特的表达模式提示NO在脑发育和成熟过程中扮演重要角色。     

大鼠下丘脑一氧化氮合酶（NOS）阳性神经元的分布

观察大鼠下丘脑各核团NOS阳性神经元的分布。采用还原型尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶（NADPH－d）法，结果显示，大量NOS阳性神经元见于下丘脑外侧区、视上核（SO）和室旁核（Pa）；出现较多NOS阳性神经元的部位是视前大细胞核，见到少量NOS阳性神经元的部位是室周核、视前内侧区、视前外侧区和下丘脑前区。结论：NOS阳性神经元分布于下丘脑的许多核团。     

Age-related NADPH-diaphorase positive bodies in the lumbosacral spinal cord of aged rats

In the course of a morphological investigation of age-related changes in the rat spinal cord, using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry, we found abundant NADPH-d positive bodies, which were characteristically expressed in the aged lumbosacral spinal cord. Together with a normally stained fiber network and a few neurons, the dense, spheroidal NADPH-d positive bodies occurred in portions of the sacral dorsal spinal cords, such as the dorsal commissural nucleus, intermediolateral nuclei, and superficial dorsal horn, and were scattered throughout the dorsal white column. These NADPH-d positive bodies were occasionally observed in a fibrous structure. Two morphologically distinctive subsets of NADPH-d positive bodies were noted in the spinal cord of rats aged 8 to 36 months: 1) highly-dense spheroidal shapes with sharp edges; 2) moderately-dense spheroidal or multiangular shapes with a central "core" and a peripheral "halo". The quantitative analysis, particularly the stereological measurement, confirmed a gradual increase in the incidence and size of NADPH-d positive bodies with increasing age. With nNOS immunohistochemistry, no corresponding structures to NADPH-d positive bodies were detected in aged rats; thus NADPH-d activity is not always specific to the NO-containing neural structures. The major distribution of the NADPH-d positive bodies in the aged lumbosacral spinal cord indicates some anomalous changes in the neurite, which might account for a disturbance in the aging pathway of the autonomic and sensory nerve in the pelvic visceral organs.     

一氧化氮合酶阳性结构在大鼠三叉神经感觉核簇内的分布及其与面部伤害性刺激诱发的FOS蛋白表达的关系

用还原型尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶组织化学技术与ＦＯＳ免疫组化（ＡＢＣ法）相结合的方法，观察了大鼠三叉神经感觉核簇内一氧化氮合酶阳性神经元和纤维的分布及其与面部伤害性刺激诱发的ｃ－ｆｏｓ原癌基因蛋白表达的关系．证明，浓密的一氧化氮合酶阳性纤维和终末分布于三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核的Ⅰ和Ⅱ层，阳性成分呈蓝黑色的带状分布，而在三叉神经感觉核簇的其余核区内很稀疏．一氧化氮合酶阳性神经元胞体与面部伤害性刺激诱发的ｃ－ｆｏｓ原癌基因蛋白表达的阳性神经元在此核簇内的分布节段非常相似，都主要存在于与伤害性传入传递和调控有关的三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核，并且二者都主要分布于与痛觉调控有关的浅层．约有１０～１５％的一氧化氮合酶阳性神经元同时呈ｃ－ｆｏｓ原癌基因蛋白表达．在三叉脊束核尾侧亚核的Ⅲ～Ⅴ层仅出现散在的阳性细胞，除在吻侧亚核的背内缘与孤束核交界处有少量一氧化氮合酶同性神经元外，在三叉神经感觉核簇的其余核区两者均几无表达．本文及文献结果提示，一氧化氮可能对面部伤害性信息的传递和调控起重要作用．     

扬子鳄胸髓一氧化氮合酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶阳性神经元的分布

目的观察一氧化氮合酶(NOS)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)阳性神经元在扬子鳄胸髓的分布。方法采用还原型尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶(NADPH-d)法和亚铁氰化铜法观察扬子鳄胸髓NOS和AChE阳性神经元的分布。结果扬子鳄胸髓前角、后角和中央灰质内可见NOS和AChE阳性神经元,白质内含有丰富的NOS和AChE阳性神经纤维。结论扬子鳄胸髓有NOS和AChE阳性神经元分布。     

Immunocytochemical evidence for the involvement of glycine in sensory centers of the rat brain.

Glycine-like immunoreactivity was localized to a number of sites in the rat brain which are involved in processing sensory information. In the auditory and vestibular systems, glycine immunoreactivity was seen in dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei, superior olive, trapezoid body, medial and lateral vestibular nuclei, and inferior colliculus. Staining in the visual system was seen in retina, dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, and superior colliculus. The olfactory system exhibited staining in the olfactory bulb and accessory olfactory formation. Somatosensory centers with glycine immunoreactivity included the dorsal column nuclei, spinal trigeminal nucleus, principal sensory nucleus of V, reticular formation, and periaqueductal gray. Glycine-immunoreactive neurons were also seen in cerebellar cortex, deep cerebellar nuclei, hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and striatum. The distribution of staining indicates that glycine plays a major role in sensory centers with actions at both strychnine-sensitive and strychnine-insensitive receptors.     

New data on the immunocytochemical localization of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the rat central nervous system

An antiserum raised against the synthetic tripeptide pyroglutamyl-histidyl-proline (free acid) was used to localize thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the rat central nervous system (CNS) by immunocytochemistry. The distribution of TRH-immunoreactive structures was similar to that reported earlier; i.e., most of the TRH-containing perikarya were located in the parvicellular part of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, the suprachiasmatic portion of the preoptic nucleus, the dorsomedial nucleus, the lateral basal hypothalamus, and the raphe nuclei. Several new locations for TRH-immunoreactive neurons were also observed, including the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb, the anterior olfactory nuclei, the diagonal band of Broca, the septal nuclei, the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area, the reticular thalamic nucleus, the lateral reticular nucleus of the medulla oblongata, and the central gray matter of the mesencephalon. Immunoreactive fibers were seen in the median eminence, the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, the lateral septal nucleus, the medial habenula, the dorsal and ventral parabrachial nuclei, the nucleus of the solitary tract, around the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves, the dorsal vagal complex, and in the reticular formation of the brainstem. In the spinal cord, no immunoreactive perikarya were observed. Immunoreactive processes were present in the lateral funiculus of the white matter and in laminae V-X in the gray matter. Dense terminal-like structures were seen around spinal motor neurons. The distribution of TRH-immunoreactive structures in the CNS suggests that TRH functions both as a neuroendocrine regulator in the hypothalamus and as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator throughout the CNS.     

鸡脑干下行投射至脊髓的神经元分布

本文采用在鸡脊髓颈段注射HRP或埋HRP胶块,然后用TMB处理的方法,对中枢神经系统中下行纤维至脊髓的神经元分布进行了研究。观察到鸟类动物存在着一些与哺乳类动物卡相似的神经联系。在间脑部分,下丘脑室旁核大细胞(PVM)是标记细胞较密集的区域,其他还有下丘脑的外细胞层(SE)和内细胞展(SI)以及下丘脑外侧区。中枢内的标记细胞主要集中于红核、中介核和丘间核(ICo)。在延、桥脑段,网状脊髓束是主要的下行通路,脑桥吻端网状核(RPO)和脑桥尾侧网状核(RP)向脊髓的投射相当于哺乳类动物的内侧网状下行系统。小细胞网状核(Rpc)、旁巨细胞网状核等都有下行至脊髓的纤维。另外,蓝斑、蓝斑下核、前庭核、孤束核、外楔核也都有下行纤维向脊髓投射。在中缝核群中我们观察到大量的标记细胞,所以在鸟类动物中可能也存在着中缝核—脊髓这一下行抑制系统。     

Distribution of choline acetyltransferase and NADPH diaphorase in the spinal cord of the pigeon

Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter of somatic and autonomic motor systems of the spinal cord. However, there are also intrinsic cholinergic systems which have modulatory functions. Modulatory functions have also been assigned to nitric oxide (NO). Acetylcholine is synthesized by choline acetyltransferase and NO by nitric oxide synthase, which is a NADPH diaphorase. The distribution of both enzymes in the mammalian spinal cord is well known. However, there is a lack of comparative data in avian species. Therefore, the distribution of both enzymes in the spinal cord of the pigeon was studied using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Aside from somatic motor neurons and autonomic preganglionic neurons choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactivity was found throughout the spinal cord in lamina III of the superficial dorsal horn and near the central canal. The location of choline acetyltransferase-positive preganglionic neurons in the centrally located column of Terni and the lack of an intermediolateral column typical of the mammalian spinal cord can be confirmed. In lumbosacral segments the axons of centrally located cholinergic neurons crossed to the contralateral side to form a tract in the ventral funiculus, which then innervates the contralateral grey substance. A dense band of NADPH diaphorase staining was found in lamina II and in centrally located neurons of all segments. Part of the centrally located neurons double-labelled for choline acetyltransferase and NADPH diaphorase. In contrast to mammals, preganglionic neurons labelled only weakly for NADPH diaphorase. Altogether, despite the divergent evolution of both classes of vertebrate intrinsic modulatory choline acetyltransferase and NADPH diaphorase systems of birds seem to be largely similar to those of the mammalian spinal cord.     

磷酸化PKCγ在正常小鼠脑内的免疫组织化学定位

为了研究磷酸化的蛋白激酶Cγ(pPKCγ)在小鼠脑内的区域分布,为进一步了解其在脑内的功能提供线索。我们将BALB/c小鼠脱臼处死,灌流取脑,行免疫组织化学染色,观察pPKCγ阳性反应产物在脑内的分布。观察到pPKCγ阳性产物主要见于神经元的胞浆和突起中,在正常小鼠脑内表达广泛。仅很少量胶质细胞被染色,着色浅淡。海马CA1区锥体细胞,小脑的浦肯野氏细胞,大脑新皮质V层细胞,边缘前皮质、岛皮质的深层细胞以及前梨皮质的颗粒层细胞,外侧嗅束核、杏仁基底外侧核和杏仁外侧核的神经元,以及穹窿、锥体束纤维等均有强或较强的pPKCγ表达;吻侧丘脑大多数核团,尾侧丘脑的内侧膝状体核及外侧膝状体的背侧核,脑干耳蜗背侧核的表浅部位,三叉神经感觉核簇及巨细胞网状结构神经元中均有弱阳性表达。本实验研究揭示正常状态下小鼠脑内pPKCγ表达广泛,但有区域特异性,提示PKCγ可能参与正常状态下脑内部分脑区/核团神经元的功能活动。     

大鼠脑室触液神经元的分布及其在中缝核团与NADPH-d的共存

目的系统研究脑内接触脑脊液神经元的分布,并对远位触液神经元与一氧化氮合酶的共存进行研究。方法将霍乱毒素B(CTB)注入侧脑室,5d后将动物进行灌注,留取全脑切片,进行CTB免疫组化染色和NADPH鄄d组化染色,镜下观察免疫阳性细胞和纤维的分布。结果CTB标记的触液神经元的分布分为3个区:脑室壁周围、蛛网膜下及大脑皮质表层以及脑实质内。在中缝背核、中缝正中核和线形核等部位还可见NADPH鄄d阳性细胞以及CTB/NADPH鄄d双标细胞。结论侧脑室内触液神经元分布广泛;在中缝系统部分NADPH鄄d阳性细胞与远位触液神经元的共存,提示一氧化氮在脑鄄脑脊液之间的信息传递中有一定作用。     

NADPH-diaphorase-positive neurons and pathways in the brain of the frog Rana esculenta

We described the NADPH-diaphorase-containing neurons and fibres in the brain of the frog Rana esculenta. In the telencephalon stained cells occurred in the olfactory bulb, all subdivisions of the pallium, the diagonal band, the medial septum and the striatum. The olfactory glomeruli showed the most intense enzyme reaction. The neuropil of the accessory olfactory bulb was also heavily stained and this staining extended to the rostral diencephalon through the ventral lateral pallium. Fibre staining was less intense in the medial pallium and the medial septum. In the diencephalon, NADPH-diaphorase staining was concentrated in the middle third of this part of the brain. The stained cells were embedded in a dense network of thin, stained fibres and terminals in the lateral anterior and central thalamic nuclei. Faintly stained cells were present also in the posterior preoptic nucleus, anterior thalamic nucleus, nucleus of Bellonci, corpus geniculatum thalamicum and the suprachismatic nucleus. In the mesencephalon, heavily stained cells occurred in the nucleus profundus mesencephali, anterodorsal, anteroventral and especially in the posterodorsal tegmental nuclei. Neuronal staining was less intense in the optic tectum and the torus semicircularis. Thick, intensely stained fibres occupied the lateral part of the tegmentum and the 7th layer of the tectum. A loose network of thin fibres occupied the periventricular area and all tegmental nuclei. In the rhombencephalon, the reticular nuclei and the inferior raphe nucleus showed the most intense staining, while some cells in the nucleus of the solitary tract and the dorsal column nuclei were less intensely stained. Heavy staining of fibres was characteristic of the spinal trigeminal tract, the solitary tract and the reticulospinal pathway.     

杏仁核簇一氧化氮合酶（NOS）阳性神经元的分布

采用NADPH－d组织化学方法，观察了NOS阳性神经元在大鼠杏仁核簇内的分布和形态特征，结果表明，杏仁核簇的大部分核团都含有NOS阳性神经元，其中，杏仁前区，杏仁基底核外侧部，杏仁基底核内侧部，杏仁外侧核后部，杏仁皮质核和杏仁内侧核均观察到较多的NOS阳性神经元，杏仁外侧核前部和杏仁中央核也见到少量NOS阳性神经元。     

The immunohistochemical localization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the basal forebrain of the dog

The present work describes for the first time the anatomical distribution of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) immunoreactivity and NADPH-d activity in the basal forebrain of the dog. As in other species, small, intensely nNOS-immunoreactive cells were seen within the olfactory tubercle, caudate nucleus, putamen, nucleus accumbens and amygdala. In addition, a population of mixed large and small nNOS positive cells was found in the medial septum, diagonal band and nucleus basalis overlapping the distribution of the magnocellular cholinergic system of the basal forebrain. Our results show that the distribution of NOS containing neurons in these nuclei in the dog is more extensive and uniform than that reported in rodents and primates. When double labeling of nNOS and NADPH-d was performed in the same tissue section most neurons were double labeled. However, a considerable number of large perikarya in the diagonal band and nucleus basalis appeared to be single labeled for nNOS. Thought a certain degree of interference between the two procedures could not be completely excluded, these findings suggest that NADPH-d histochemistry, which is frequently used to show the presence of NOS, underestimates the potential of basal forebrains neurons to produce nitric oxide. In addition, a few neurons mainly localized among the fibers of the internal capsule, appeared to be labeled only for NADPH-d. These neurons could be expressing a different isoform of NOS, not recognized by our anti-nNOS antibody, as has been reported in healthy humans and AD patients.     

NADPH-diaphorase-positive neurons and pathways in the brain of the frog Rana esculenta

We described the NADPH-diaphorase-containing neurons and fibres in the brain of the frog Rana esculenta. In the telencephalon stained cells occurred in the olfactory bulb, all subdivisions of the pallium, the diagonal band, the medial septum and the striatum. The olfactory glomeruli showed the most intense enzyme reaction. The neuropil of the accessory olfactory bulb was also heavily stained and this staining extended to the rostral diencephalon through the ventral lateral pallium. Fibre staining was less intense in the medial pallium and the medial septum. In the diencephalon, NADPH-diaphorase staining was concentrated in the middle third of this part of the brain. The stained cells were embedded in a dense network of thin, stained fibres and terminals in the lateral anterior and central thalamic nuclei. Faintly stained cells were present also in the posterior preoptic nucleus, anterior thalamic nucleus, nucleus of Bellonci, corpus geniculatum thalamicum and the suprachismatic nucleus. In the mesencephalon, heavily stained cells occurred in the nucleus profundus mesencephali, anterodorsal, anteroventral and especially in the posterodorsal tegmental nuclei. Neuronal staining was less intense in the optic tectum and the torus semicircularis. Thick, intensely stained fibres occupied the lateral part of the tegmentum and the 7th layer of the tectum. A loose network of thin fibres occupied the periventricular area and all tegmental nuclei. In the rhombencephalon, the reticular nuclei and the inferior raphe nucleus showed the most intense staining, while some cells in the nucleus of the solitary tract and the dorsal column nuclei were less intensely stained. Heavy staining of fibres was characteristic of the spinal trigeminal tract, the solitary tract and the reticulospinal pathway.     

The lateral reticular nucleus in the cat—I. An experimental anatomical study of its spinal and supraspinal afferent connections

The localization of the neurons from which the main ascending and descending projections to the lateral reticular nucleus originate has been studied in nine cats, using the retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase injected within that nucleus. The ascending spinoreticular neurons are widely distributed from the cervical to the sacral segments of the spinal cord. These neurons, which are of different sizes, are mainly located within Rexed's laminae VI, VII and VIII, but they spread both dorsally to laminae II–VI as well as ventrally to lamina IX. Labeled neurons of a size similar to motoneurons are particularly found within lamina IX, intermingled with the motoneurons. The spinal projection to the lateral reticular nucleus is crossed and uncrossed, with the ipsilateral spinoreticular neurons being located more dorsally within the grey matter of the spinal cord than the contralateral spinoreticular neurons. Moreover, while neurons with a crossed ascending projection are almost equally distributed along the whole rostro-caudal extension of the spinal cord, those with an uncrossed projection are predominantly located within the cervical segments of the spinal cord. Additional evidence indicates that the spinoreticular projection to the lateral reticular nucleus is somatotopically organized.In addition to the spinoreticular projection, the lateral reticular nucleus receives a crossed rubroreticular projection and a crossed fastigioreticular projection originating from the rostro-ventralmost part of the nucleus. A few neurons in the interposite nuclei also project to the lateral reticular nucleus.     

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-diaphorase activity in the brain of a cichlid fish, with remarkable findings in the entopeduncular nucleus: a histochemical study

In the entire brain of the African cichlid fish, Haplochromis burtoni, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) activity was visualized histochemically in fewer nuclei compared to other teleost fish. Intensively labeled perikarya were found in the ventral hypothalamic area, the nucleus of the medial longitudinal fascicle, the nucleus of the midbrain tegmentum, the nucleus of the lateral longitudinal fascicle, the trigeminal motor nucleus and the octavolateral area. Compared to other NADPH-d labeled nuclei in the brain, we saw an unusual localization of NADPH-d activity in the rostral, dorsal, ventral and caudal part of the entopeduncular nucleus. Additionally, some isolated perikarya of different morphological appearance were found at the levels of the preglomerular nucleus, the diffuse nucleus of the lateral torus and the lateral longitudinal fascicle. A widespread distribution of labeled fibers was identified throughout the brain. The remarkable NADPH-d activity, particularly in the entopeduncular nucleus, differs significantly from the existing data on other teleosts. Taking into account the sensory functions of the entopeduncular nucleus described in other vertebrates, the massive NADPH-d activity in this nucleus may indicate an important role of NADPH-d in the modulation of sensory functions.