妥洛特罗联合布地奈德治疗小儿咳嗽变异性哮喘的临床观察

目的 观察妥洛特罗经皮给药联合布地奈德雾化吸入治疗小儿咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)的临床疗效.方法 64例CVA患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组各32例.对照组给予布地奈德雾化吸入,疗程4周.治疗组在对照组基础上加用妥洛特罗贴剂经皮给药,总疗程4周.比较两组患儿咳嗽明显缓解时间、咳嗽消失时间及平均治疗时间,观察不良反应发生情况.结果 治疗组咳嗽明显缓解时间、咳嗽消失时间及平均治疗时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 妥洛特罗联合布地奈德治疗小儿CVA疗效显著,不良反应少,依从性好,值得临床推广.     

妥洛特罗贴剂治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘的疗效

目的 观察妥洛特罗贴剂治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)患儿的临床疗效和安全性.方法 106例CVA患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组2组.治疗组在吸入性糖皮质激素的基础上给予妥洛特罗贴剂,用法:1～3岁0.5 mg,>3～9岁1.0 mg,>9～12岁 2.0 mg,每日1贴.对照组给予盐酸丙卡特罗片剂,用法:6岁以下1.25 μg·kg-1·次-1,6岁以上25 μg·次-1,2次·d-1.治疗2周后进行咳嗽症状评分,根据咳嗽程度的转变进行疗效判定,观察不良反应,并测定其1秒钟用力呼气容积(FEV1)、最大呼气峰流速(PEF),肺通气功能异常者(FEV1、PEF一项以上<80%)行支气管舒张试验,肺通气功能正常者行运动激发试验.结果 1.治疗组第3天咳嗽症状明显减轻,较对照组止咳见效时间更短(P＜0.05);2.治疗2周后,治疗组与对照组总有效率分别为90.4%、79.6%,2组总有效率比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);3.治疗组较对照组治疗后FEV1、PEF明显改善(Pa＜0.05);4.妥洛特罗贴剂与盐酸丙卡特罗片剂在减轻呼吸道高反应性方面无显著差异(P＞0.05);5.妥洛特罗贴剂不良反应发生率低,依从性好.结论 妥洛特罗贴剂在儿童CVA治疗中疗效显著,安全可靠,依从性好.     

布地奈德联合肾上腺素氧驱动雾化吸入治疗小儿急性喉炎疗效观察

目的 观察布地奈德联合肾上腺素氧驱动雾化吸入治疗小儿急性喉炎疗效.方法 58例急性喉炎患儿随机分为观察组(30例)和对照组(28例),在综合治疗的基础上,观察组予布地奈德联合肾上腺素氧驱动雾化吸入,对照组加用全身肾上腺皮质激素,对两组治疗后症状、体征持续时间进行比较.结果 观察组的疗效(声嘶、犬吠样咳嗽、喉鸣、呼吸困难等症状缓解)与对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.01).结论 布地奈德联合肾上腺素氧驱动雾化吸入治疗小儿急性喉炎能有效缓解喉部炎症,解除喉梗阻,缩短疗程,避免全身使用激素的不良反应.     

雾化吸入糖皮质激素联合特布他林及异丙托溴铵治疗毛细支气管炎的疗效及预后

目的观察糖皮质激素联合异丙托溴铵、特布他林雾化吸入治疗毛细支气管炎的疗效,探讨不同疗程吸入糖皮质激素对毛细支气管炎预后的影响。方法将108例收治住院的毛细支气管炎患儿随机分为3组,均采用综合治疗。治疗1组予布地奈德混悬液联合特布他林、异丙托溴铵三联雾化吸入治疗7d,继续丙酸氟替卡松雾化吸入治疗至12周;治疗2组予布地奈德混悬液联合特布他林溶液二联雾化吸入治疗7d;对照组单用特布他林溶液雾化吸入治疗7d。观察3组患儿临床症状消失时间、住院天数,并进行临床疗效评定及追踪停药1a为喘息性疾病患病人数及患病率。结果治疗1组和治疗2组在咳嗽、喘憋症状缓解、肺部哮鸣音消失时间及缩短住院天数方面均优于对照组(Pa<0.05),治疗1组在临床缓解率方面较治疗2组更具优势(P<0.05)。治疗1组在停药1a喘息性疾病患病率明显降低,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗2组在停药1a喘息性疾病患病率与对照组比较稍低,但无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论糖皮质激素联合特布他林二联雾化吸入治疗毛细支气管炎疗效肯定,糖皮质激素联合特布他林、异丙托溴铵三联雾化吸入治疗毛细支气管炎,对急性期症状的缓解优势更为明显,毛细支气管炎患儿吸入性糖皮质激素早期干预治疗至12周,可降低发展为支气管哮喘的几率。     

盐酸氨溴索联合布地奈德、糜蛋白酶雾化吸入辅助治疗小儿肺炎的疗效

目的 观察盐酸氨溴索联合布地奈德、糜蛋白酶雾化吸入辅助治疗小儿肺炎的疗效.方法 将81例肺炎患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组,二组患儿均常规予抗感染、止咳、镇静等综合治疗,治疗组在抗感染等综合治疗的基础上加用盐酸氨溴索联合布地奈德、糜蛋白酶雾化吸入,比较二组患儿治疗后临床表现和治愈率.结果 治疗组咳嗽、气促、肺部湿啰音消失、平均住院天数与对照组比较均有显著性差异(Pa<0.01).治疗组痊愈38例(92.7%),对照组痊愈30例(75%),二组痊愈率比较有显著性差异(χ2=4.699 P<0.01).二组均未见不良反应.结论 盐酸氨溴索联合布地余德、糜蛋白酶雾化吸入辅助治疗小儿肺炎安全有效.     

布地奈德联合特布他林雾化吸入治疗毛细支气管炎

目的 观察布地奈德联合特布他林空气压缩泵雾化吸入治疗毛细支气管炎的疗效.方法 将80例毛细支气管炎患儿随机分为观察组和对照组,二组均予常规治疗.观察组加用布地奈德、特布他林空气压缩泵雾化吸入治疗.记录治疗5 d后喘息、哮鸣音有无减轻或消失及治疗后症状、体征消失的时间.并对治疗5 d后二组疗效进行比较.结果 治疗5 d后观察组显效率和有效率分别为50.0%和92.5%,明显高于对照组的25.0%和62.5%(Pa <0.001).观察组呼吸困难、咳嗽、喘息、哮鸣音、痰鸣青等消失时间与对照组比较均有显著性差异(P1 <0.05).结论 布地奈德联合特布他林空气压缩泵雾化吸入治疗毛细支气管炎能够迅速改善症状,缩短病程.     

盐酸特布他林雾化液、布地奈德混悬液、盐酸氨溴索联合雾化吸入治疗毛细支气管炎疗效观察

目的 探讨毛细支气管炎的雾化吸入治疗方法.方法 将82例患儿随机分为两组,观察组给予盐酸特布他林雾化液、布地奈德混悬液、盐酸氨溴索联合氧气射流雾化吸入,同时静滴抗病毒药物、抗支原体药物及琥珀酸氢化可的松、氨茶碱治疗;对照组给予静滴抗病毒药物、抗支原体药物及琥珀酸氢化可的松、氨茶碱治疗.结果 观察组和对照组患儿治疗1 h后哮鸣音消失或减少的例数和呼吸困难、哮鸣音、痰鸣音消失的时间差异有显著性.结论 盐酸特布他林雾化液、布地奈德混悬液、盐酸氨溴索联合氧气射流雾化吸入治疗毛细支气管炎能够迅速改善症状、缩短病程.     

雾化吸入布地奈德治疗急性喉炎

目的探讨局部雾化吸入布地奈德与全身应用糖皮质激素治疗急性喉炎的疗效及不良反应。方法选取84例急性喉炎患儿,随机分为治疗组和对照组各42例。对照组在控制感染的基础上全身应用泼尼松或地塞米松;治疗组在控制感染的基础上局部雾化吸入布地奈德。结果治疗组症状缓解及住院时间与对照组比较差异显著（Pa〈0.01）,不良反应比较差异显著（P〈0.05）。结论局部雾化吸入布地奈德治疗急性喉炎效果肯定、不良反应小,完全可取代全身应用糖皮质激素治疗。     

布地奈德混悬液雾化吸入治疗急性喉炎

目的 探讨布地奈德混悬液雾化吸入治疗急性喉炎的疗效.方法 将急性喉炎患儿48例随机分为治疗组和对照组.患儿均予抗感染等综合治疗,治疗组25例采用布地奈德雾化吸入,对照组23例子口服泼尼松或静脉滴注地塞米松.结果 治疗组治愈率为84%(21/25例),对照组治愈率为83%(19/23例),两组治愈率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).治疗组喉鸣、声嘶、咳嗽、呼吸用难消失时间与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(t=2.87、3.09、2.91、3.10,P<,a><0.01);治疗组住院时间与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(t=1.71,P<0.05).治疗组无一例发生不良反应;对照组2例出现喉梗阻,其中1例发生院内感染.结论 布地余德雾化吸入治疗急性喉炎起效快,病程短,可减少全身应用糖皮质激素的不良反应.     

雾化吸入联合孟鲁斯特治疗小儿感染后咳嗽疗效观察

目的研究布地奈德和复方异丙托溴铵雾化吸入联合孟鲁斯特治疗小儿感染后咳嗽的临床疗效。方法196例感染后咳嗽患儿,男102例、女94例,年龄1～8岁,随机分为治疗组和对照组各98例。治疗组雾化吸入布地奈德混悬液和复方异丙托溴铵溶液联合口服孟鲁斯特咀嚼片,对照组口服孟鲁斯特咀嚼片,比较第3天和第5天、第10天两组之间的疗效。结果治疗组患儿咳嗽短时间内明显减少甚至消失,两组在治疗第3天、第5天、第10天治疗有效率差异有统计学意义(χ2=43.49～55.92,P均<0.01)。结论雾化吸入布地奈德和复方异丙托溴铵联合孟鲁斯特在改善小儿感染后咳嗽的症状方面有一定的疗效。     

Treatment with probucol of children with familial hypercholesterolaemia

Nine children with familial hypercholesterolaemia, age range 2 to 12 years, were treated with a low cholesterol diet and probucol (10 mg/kg/day). The year before, the children received, as only treatment, a low fat-cholesterol diet. During this period their mean plasma total cholesterol level fell from 8.2 +/- 1.45 mmol/l to 7.17 +/- 0.84 mmol/l (12.6%). This level was further reduced to 5.92 +/- 0.63 mmol/l (17.1%) after the addition of probucol. Plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lowered in absolute terms but not in relation to total cholesterol. No apparent side effects were observed. However, the use of probucol should be restricted for the moment to severe cases of hypercholesterolaemia as the long-term excretion of the drug in children is not yet known.     

Treatment with Probucol of Children with Familial Hypercholesterolemia

ABSTRACT. Nine children with familial hypercholesterolaemia, age range 2 to 12 years, were treated with a low cholesterol diet and probucol (10 mg/kg/day). The year before, the children received, as only treatment, a low fat-cholesterol diet. During this period their mean plasma total cholesterol level fell from 8.2±1.45 mmol/l to 7.17±0.84 mmol/l (12.6%). This level was further reduced to 5.92±0.63 mmol/l (17.1%) after the addition of probucol. Plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lowered in absolute terms but not in relation to total cholesterol. No apparent side effects were observed. However, the use of probucol should be restricted for the moment to severe cases of hypercholesterolaemia as the long-term excretion of the drug in children is not yet known.     

Comparison of patients with Kawasaki disease with retropharyngeal edema and patients with retropharyngeal abscess

Kawasaki disease with retropharyngeal edema (KD with RPE) is a rare complication, and it is diagnosed by neck CT. Most reported cases had a delayed diagnosis because those patients' conditions were misdiagnosed as retropharyngeal abscess (RPA). The purpose of this study was to differentiate KD with RPE from RPA. We performed a retrospective case–control study comparing children with KD with RPE to those with RPA hospitalized at the tertiary pediatric hospital in Tokyo between 2005 and 2011. The 39 patients revealing RPE on neck CT were divided into two groups: group A was classified as KD (n?=?21) and group B was classified as non-KD (n?=?18). Patients in group B were finally evaluated as having RPA clinically and were treated with antibiotic therapy. A significantly higher proportion of patients in group B complained of dysphagia (11 patients vs. 5 patients; p?=?0.0170) and neck pain (17 patients vs. 12 patients; p?=?0.0106). Neck CT revealed a ring enhancement (16 patients vs. no patients; p?<?0.0001) and mass effect in a greater proportion of patients in group B (11 patients vs. 1 patient; p?<?0.0003). Conclusion: Careful attention to manifestations and close analyses of CT imaging may allow clinicians to differentiate KD with RPE from RPA.     

Treatment of children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection with ganciclovir

BACKGROUND: Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection affects approximately 1% of live births in the US. Ten percent of these infants have symptoms at birth and another 10 to 15% acquire hearing loss or developmental problems. Congenital CMV is the most common cause of nonhereditary sensorineural hearing loss in children, and progressive hearing loss is common. To arrest the natural progression of congenital CMV, children referred to our center were treated with a prolonged course of ganciclovir. METHODS: Medical records of children with congenital CMV who were treated with ganciclovir were reviewed to tabulate their presenting symptoms, duration of treatment, audiologic and developmental assessments and complications. RESULTS: We treated nine children with symptomatic CMV with iv ganciclovir at a median age of 10 days (range, 3 days to 11 months). Findings at diagnosis included microcephaly (five of nine); petechiae (five of nine); thrombocytopenia (seven of nine); and intracranial calcifications (six of eight). Hearing loss was noted before therapy in five of nine. The median duration of iv and subsequent oral ganciclovir was 1 year and 0.83 year, respectively. Median follow-up was 2 years (range, 1 to 7 years). No child had progression of hearing loss; improvement occurred in two. Seven children had at least one complication of ganciclovir therapy: central venous catheter/site infection (six); catheter malfunction (three); and neutropenia (one). CONCLUSION: Of nine children none treated with ganciclovir for congenital CMV had detectable progressive hearing loss. Complications associated with iv therapy occurred frequently. Currently available oral analogues of ganciclovir may facilitate earlier and more prolonged therapy for children with symptomatic congenital CMV and should be subjected to randomized controlled trials.     

Treatment of Children with Advanced-Stage Lymphoblastic Lymphoma with Pegaspargase

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of Pegaspargase instead of L-asparaginase to treat children with advanced-stage lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) on the Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster (BFM)-95 protocol. Methods: Fifty-four newly diagnosed patients with stage III or IV LBL and without any treatment were enrolled in this study. Pegaspargase took place of L-asparaginase in BFM-95. The complications and treatment responses of patients treated on the BFM-95 protocol and modified BFM-95 protocol were then evaluated respectively. Findings : For LBL patients treated with BFM-95 protocol or modified BFM-95 protocol, the complete response, event-free survival, overall survival were similar. Stage 4 myelosuppression was the most common complication in both groups. Besides that, among 31 patients receiving modified BFM-95 protocol, coagulation defects were the most common complication. In contrast, anaphylactic reaction was the most common complication in the other 23 patients receiving BFM-95 protocol. Conclusion: Modified BFM-95 protocol is available to children with advanced-stage LBL with an equal outcome and enhances its compliance and decreases the incidence of anaphylactic reaction, compared to BFM-95 protocol. Coagulation defects are the major complication and tolerable in modified one.Key Words: Pegaspargase, L-Asparaginase, Lymphoblastic Lymphoma, Chemotherapy     

Growth of infants with osteogenesis imperfecta treated with bisphosphonate

Background:  Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable bone disease characterized by bone brittleness and various degrees of growth disorder. Cyclic pamidronate therapy is reportedly useful to prevent bone fracture in OI and in infants with OI, but, it remains unclear how infants with OI grow during bisphosphonate therapy.
Methods:  Height and weight measurements of OI infants treated with cyclic pamidronate therapy were taken before and every 6 months during therapy until 18 months. Vertebral morphometry and the concavity index were analyzed using X-ray films taken simultaneously.
Results:  Among OI patients, those in the group for which the height z- score decreased tended to have more femur fractures than those of the group for which the height z- score increased. Morphometry of the lumbar spine showed that compression fractures occurred less during cyclic pamidronate therapy, by which the lumbar bone mineral density increased.
Conclusions:  Bisphosphonate preserved vertebral morphometry during 18 months after starting therapy in infants. Prevention of femur fracture during the infantile period might help prevent short stature; therapeutic strategies during infancy must better emphasize prevention of long bone fracture before the beginning of gait.