颅内动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者脑脊液中NSE和MBP含量测定

神经元特异性烯醇化酶 (ＮＳＥ)和髓鞘碱性蛋白质 (ＭＢＰ)是脑损伤的标志物之一。有关动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(ＳＡＨ)后患者脑脊液 (ＣＳＦ)或血清中ＮＳＥ和ＭＢＰ含量与其病程的发展及预后关系的报道不多。我们对 2 8例动脉瘤性ＳＡＨ患者脑脊液中ＮＳＥ、ＭＢＰ含量进行了检测 ,现报道如下。资料与方法1.病例。选择 2 8例收入我科治疗并经ＣＴ、脑血管造影及术中证实的颅内动脉瘤破裂致ＳＡＨ的患者 ,其中男 17例 ,女 11例 ,年龄 45～ 6 6岁 ,平均 5 8 42岁。全部患者均于发病后 3ｄ内入院。其中颈内动脉瘤 13例 ,前交通动脉瘤 11例 ,…     

脑梗死病人血清及脑脊液ν－氨基丁酸的含量变化

采用放射受体分析方法测定了４２例脑梗死病人急性期与恢复期血清及脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）ν－氨基丁酸（ＧＡＢＡ）水平，发现脑梗死急性期ＣＳＦ内ＧＡＢＡ含量显著高于恢复期及对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１）；ＣＳＦ内ＧＡＢＡ含量与脑梗死面积大小有关，梗死面积愈大，ＣＳＦ内ＧＡＢＡ水平愈高。血清ＧＡＢＡ含量梗死组在急性期和恢复期与对照组比较均无明显差异，血清和ＣＳＦ内ＧＡＢＡ含量之间无任何相关性。     

脑梗死病人血清及脑脊液γ—氨基丁酸的含量变化

采用放射受体分析方法测定了４２例脑梗死病人急性期与恢复期血清及脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）γ－氨基丁酸（ＧＡＢＡ）水平，发现脑梗死急性期ＣＳＦ内ＧＡＢＡ含量显著高于恢复期及对照组（Ｐ〈０．００１）；ＣＳＦ内ＧＡＢＡ含量与脑梗死面积大小有关，梗死面积愈大，ＣＳＦ内ＧＡＢＡ水平愈高。血清ＧＡＢＡ含量梗死组在急性期和恢复期与对照组比较均无明显差异，血清和ＣＳＦ内ＧＡＢＡ含量之间无任何相关性。     

急性颅脑损伤后脑脊液中心钠素、精氨酸加压素的含量变化

对３４例急性脑外伤病人脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）心钠素（ＡＮＦ）、精氨酸加压素（ＡＶＰ）的含量进行放射免疫测定。结果表明，脑外伤后４８ｈ和６～１０ｄＣＳＦ中ＡＮＦ含量均明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＡＶＰ含量较对照组明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。伤后２～３周ＣＳＦ中ＡＮＦ水平升高，与对照组相比无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；ＡＶＰ水平降低，但仍明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＧＣＳ≤８分者ＣＳＦ中ＡＶＰ含量高于ＧＣＳ＞８分者（Ｐ＜０．０５）；ＣＳＦ压力≥１．９６ｋＰａ者ＡＶＰ含量高于ＣＳＦ压力＜１．９６ｋＰａ者（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＡＮＦ的含量变化与ＧＣＳ计分和ＣＳＦ压力无关。提示，ＡＮＦ和ＡＶＰ可能参与了颅脑损伤的发病机制，ＡＮＦ的分泌减少与ＡＶＰ的释放增加可能是导致脑外伤后继发脑水肿的重要因素。动态观察ＣＳＦ中ＡＮＦ和ＡＶＰ的含量变化，对于探讨颅脑损伤后的病理机制，判断脑水肿的严重程度，指导临床治疗具有重要意义。     

急性颅脑损伤后脑脊液中心钠素,精氨酸加压素的含量变化

对３４例急性脑外伤病人脑脊液心钠素，精氨酸加压素的含量进行放射免疫测定。结果表明，脑外伤后４８ｈ和６－１０ｄ ＣＳＦ中ＡＮＦ含量均低于对照组；ＡＶＰ含量较对照组明显升高。伤后２－３周ＣＳＦ中ＡＮＦ水平升高，与对照组相比无明显差异；ＡＶＰ水平降低，但仍明显高于对照组。ＧＣＳ≤８分者ＣＳＦ中ＡＶＰ含量高于ＧＣＳ＞８分者；ＣＳＦ压力≥１．９６ｋＰａ者ＡＶＰ含量高于ＣＳＦ压力＜１．９６ｋＰａ者。ＡＮＦ的含     

肢体火器伤神经体液髓鞘碱性蛋白释放表达实验研究

目的：探讨肢体火器伤中枢神经系统（ＣＮＳ）应变内环境紊乱的病理生理基础．方法：借助犬双后肢低、高速投射物伤模型，采用ＲＮＡ斑点杂交、ＥＬＩＳＡ法，动态观察、定量分析脑组织、脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）、血清髓鞘碱性蛋白（ＭＢＰ）表达与释放．结果：伤后８小时血清、ＣＳＦ、脑组织ＭＢＰ含量增高（Ｐ＜０．０１），高速组尤甚；低速组下丘脑，高速组下丘脑、海马区ＭＢＰ－ｍＲＮＡ表达增强（Ｐ＜０．０５）．结论：肢体火器伤虽未直接伤及大脑，但提示下丘脑、海马区受损，可能为ＣＮＳ应变反应的重要病理生理基础之一．     

脑脊液微量白蛋白与血清白蛋白比值的临床意义

2007年3月-2008年1月我们对收治的85例神经系统疾病患者进行脑脊液(CSF)微量白蛋白(CAlb)检测,分析CAlb与血清白蛋白(SAlb)的比值,从而探讨CAlb与SAlb比值的临床意义,现将结果报告如下.     

高血压脑出血后失语症与局部脑血流变化的相关研究

目的探寻失语患者的脑血流动态变化特点及其与临床转归的关系。方法对３２例优势侧高血压脑出血患者进行语言功能测定，并行ＳＰＥＣＴ局部脑血流（ｒＣＢＦ）显像及ＣＴ检查，利用感兴趣区技术测定病灶及对侧相应部位的ｒＣＢＦ比值。结果①失语者１９例，非失语者１３例。②血肿量及出血部位与失语有一定关系。③ＣＴ仅发现出血病灶，ＳＰＥＣＴ则显示多部位大脑皮层的低灌注损害，失语组为著，额颞叶累及达１００％。④失语组Ｂｒｏｃａ区及Ｗｅｒｎｉｃｋｅ区的ｒＣＢＦ比值明显低于非失语组（ｔ＝４３１，５５２，Ｐ＜０００１）。不同型失语Ｗｅｒｎｉｃｋｅ区ｒＣＢＦ降低程度有差异，感觉性失语者ｒＣＢＦ降低更明显（ｔ＝２５３，Ｐ＜００５）。⑤１０例失语者经病后１周、１个月及３个月临床病情和ＳＰＥＣＴ及ＣＴ随访，其中５例失语基本恢复，５例恢复较差。前者大脑皮层各时期ｒＣＢＦ比值顺时增大，以第１个月内最明显；后者则无显著改善。结论ＳＰＥＣＴｒＣＢＦ断层显像可为临床准确诊断失语提供客观依据，且有助于分型及预后评估，明显优于ＣＴ检查     

加压素和心钠素在结核性、新型隐球菌性脑膜炎患者低钠血症形成中的作用

选择经临床和病原学证实的结核性脑膜炎（结脑）８例，新型隐球菌脑膜炎（隐脑）７例。观察入院时、住院第１０、２０、３０和４０ｄ时血钠、颅内压及血浆和脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）中精氨酸加压素（ＡＶＰ）、心钠素（ＡＮＦ）含量的变化。结果表明，结脑和隐脑患者血浆和ＣＳＦ中ＡＶＰ含量显著高于对照组，隐脑患者血浆ＡＮＦ含量却明显低于对照组。且血钠浓度的变化与自身颅内压的变化趋势相反。血浆ＡＶＰ含量与血钠浓度之间呈显著负相关；血浆ＡＮＦ含量与血钠亦有明显相关性。ＣＳＦＡＶＰ含量与颅内压之间呈明显正相关。提示结脑和隐脑患者低钠血症及低钢性脑水肿的形成可能与体内ＡＶＰ和ＡＮＦ分泌异常，特别是中枢ＡＶＰ含量的异常增高有关。     

脑外伤后心房肽含量变化及其对颅内压的影响

对２０例急性重型颅脑损伤血浆及脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）中心房肽（ＡＮＰ）含量动态检测结果表明，脑外伤后血浆及ＣＳＦ中ＡＮＰ含量显著减少。比较不同病理类型脑外伤后ＡＮＰ含量，以具有脑实质性损伤的硬膜下血肿、脑挫裂伤或脑内血肿ＣＳＦ中ＡＮＰ减少较硬膜外血肿更为显著。另对９例颅内压（ＩＣＰ）监护患者静脉应用ＡＮＰ后，发现ＡＮＰ具有缓解脑外伤后颅内压增高的作用。     

Gallium-68 labeling of albumin and albumin microspheres.

Because of the high stability constant of gallium transferrin, the formation of a protein that will be stable in vivo and labeled with gallium-68 (a positron emitter) requires preliminary coupling of a strong chelating group to the protein. In the present study, we have used a reaction developed by Krejcarek and Tucker, in which DTPA is coupled to proteins by the formation of an amide bond. Using human serum albumin (HSA) as a model, we have studied the efficiency of the reaction of HSA with the mixed acid anhydride of the quarternary triethyl ammonium salt of DTPA and butyl formate, as a function of the ratio of albumin to DTPA. After purification of the DTPA-labeled HSA, it is possible to prepare Ga-68-labeled albumin in high yield by chelation of the Ga-68 with the DTPA-labeled protein. In vitro and in vivo stability studies showed that the labeled protein was stable over a period of several hours. The same type of bifunctional chelate has been used to attach Ga-68 to HSA microspheres.     

Lung uptake of technetium-99m microaggregated human albumin in the rat after treatment with microaggregated human albumin or macroaggregated human albumin

Marked accumulation in lung and liver of intravenously-injected ^99mTc-microaggregated human serum albumin (liver imaging agent) was observed in rats pretreated with the subcutaneous injection of microaggregated or macroaggregated human serum albumin, whereas accumulation of ^99mTc-microaggregated human serum albumin was observed only in the liver of rats pretreated with plain human serum albumin or in non-treated control rats. The activity of the intravenously-administered ^99mTc-sulfur colloid was concentrated in the liver and spleen only and not in the lung, of rats previously treated with human serum albumin, microaggregated human serum albumin, or macroaggregated human serum albumin.These observations suggest that the specific accumulation of microaggregated human serum albumin in the lung of rats pretreated with aggregated albumin is due to rapid in vivo clumping of injected particles, possibly due to antigen-antibody reaction.     

米诺环素与牛血清白蛋白相互作用的研究

目的:研究人体生理条件下米诺环素与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用机制.方法:利用荧光光谱法,并以Stern-Volmer方程确定药物与蛋白的作用类型.结果:根据不同温度下米诺环素对BSA的荧光猝灭作用,证明两者间为单一的动态猝灭过程,根据Stern-Volmer方程求出了米诺环素与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的猝灭常数,并根据Fǎrster能量转移理论确定了生理条件下药物与蛋白的结合距离为3.03 nm.结论:在人体生理条件下米诺环素对牛血清白蛋白具有荧光猝灭作用且为动态猝灭过程.同步荧光技术确定米诺环素对BSA构象有一定的影响.     

Postmortal diffusion of plasma albumin in rat brain

Summary After i.v. injection of Evans blue solution (EB), the postmortal diffusion of plasma albumin and its relationship to the postmortal interval (0 to 48 h) were studied in rat brain. A decrease in intravascular plasma albumin with increasing evidence of the same fraction in relation to the length of the postmortal interval was observed via diffuse EB fluorescence in the perivascular, periventricular, and subpial neuropil. Stained nerve cells and single endothelial cells were found grouped around individual vessels, particularly in the region of the basis encephali. The EB-fluorescent cells proved to.be hyperchromatic when subsequently stained with cresyl violet; the nerve cells therefore were considered dark neurons. EB-fluorescent dark neurons were also found around the lesion in experiments involving postmortal traumatic damage of cerebral tissue. Since all EB-fluorescent nerve cells proved to the dark neurons, but not all dark neurons exhibited EB fluorescence, it was concluded that dark neurons possess a capacity for intensifying the absorption of plasma albumin. No fluorescence was demonstrated in control studies of cerebral tissue in which EB had not been injected.