准分子激光小光斑飞点扫描切削模式与宽光束切削模式治疗复性近视散光的临床效果比较

目的 比较准分子激光的宽光束和小光斑飞点扫描切削模式对复性近视散光矫正效果的影响。方法 回溯研究接受准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术的复性的近视散光共92眼。按照准分子激光切削模式分为A组(小光斑飞点扫描切削模式)51眼；B组(宽光束切削模式)41眼，做两组患者之间年龄、屈光度、术前最佳矫正视力与术后裸眼视力以及两组术后裸眼视力统计学处理。结果A、B两组在年龄、屈光度、术前最佳矫正视力上无统计学差异。A组术后平均裸眼视力达到术前平均最佳矫正视力水平。B组术后平均裸眼视力低于术前平均最佳矫正视力水平。术后平均裸眼视力A组高于B组。结论 小光斑飞点扫描切削模式治疗复性近视散光的效果优于宽光束模式。     

小光斑飞点扫描准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术治疗LASIK术后残余近视

目的 评价小光斑飞点扫描准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术治疗LASIK术后残余近视的疗效及安全性.方法 对75例93只眼LASIK术后残余近视的患者行二次LASIK手术,全部采用掀瓣的手术方式,两次手术间隔(7.18±3.56)个月.术后平均随访超过6个月.结果 二次LASIK术后平均裸眼视力较术前显著提高(P＜0.01),术后裸眼视力与术前最佳矫正视力比较,差异无显著意义(P＞0.05);术后6个月时屈光度在±0.5 D以内者为90只眼(96.8%),20只眼(21.5%)术后裸眼视力大于术前最佳矫正视力.无危及视力的并发症出现.结论 小光斑飞点扫描准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术治疗LASIK术后残余近视安全、效果好.     

准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术(LASIK)治疗-10D以上高度近视的疗效观察

目的:评价LASIK手术对-10.00 D以上高度近视眼的疗效及安全性.方法:-10.00 D以上高度近视67眼接受LASIK手术,术前平均等值球镜度(-15.18±4.85)D(-10.00～-29.00 D),术后随访6个月.结果:术后6个月,裸眼视力≥0.5占83.58%(56/67),低于0.5占16.42%(11/67),达到或超过术前最好矫正视力的眼占48.39%(33/67).屈光度在±1.00 D以内,占35.82%(24/67),其余均大于±1.00 D,主要为欠矫,未发生严重损害视力的并发症.结论:虽然LASIK术对-10.00 D以上近视眼治疗的预测性不尽人意,但大多数眼术后后获得较满意的裸眼视力,并且手术比较安全,是一种可选择的高度近视治疗方法.     

半飞秒联合角膜胶原交联手术治疗高度近视的临床观察

目的:观察半飞秒联合角膜胶原交联手术矫正高度近视的安全性和有效性。方法:选取2016年6月至2017年6月,诊断为高度近视,并进行半飞秒联合角膜胶原交联手术患者24例45只眼的临床资料,年龄17～38岁,平均年龄(26.59±5.3)岁。于术后1周、1、3和6个月随访,对手术前后裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力、屈光度、角膜内皮细胞计数等进行观察研究。结果:术后6个月时所有患者裸眼视力均≥0.8,98%患者裸眼视力达到术前最佳矫正视力,其中9%的患者裸眼视力比术前最佳矫正视力提升1行。9%患者术后最佳矫正视力比术前提升1行,4%患者术后最佳矫正视力比术前提升2行,96%患者术后球镜度±0.5 DS以内,98%的患者术后柱镜度在±0.5 DC之内;术后1个月时角膜内皮计数较术前减少,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),术后3和6个月角膜内皮细胞计数与术前差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。手术患者均未发生角膜瓣相关的并发症,未出现异常角膜混浊反应。结论:半飞秒联合角膜胶原交联手术矫正高度屈光不正,术后早期可以获得良好的术后裸眼视力,屈光度稳定,未导致角膜内皮失代偿及其他并发症、安全性、有效性均良好。     

准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术治疗近视的远期疗效

目的评价准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术(PRK)治疗近视的远期疗效.方法178例344眼屈光度为-1.00～-19.00D患者分为Ⅰ组-1.00～-6.00D,165眼,Ⅱ组-6.25～-10.00D,129眼,Ⅲ组≥-10.25D,50眼.PRK术后对患者的视力、屈光度、角膜上皮下基质混浊等进行3年随访.结果3年时裸眼视力达到术前最佳矫正视力者Ⅰ组为90.9%(150眼),Ⅱ组为72.9%(94眼),Ⅲ组为40.0%(20眼);屈光度在预期矫正度±1.00D以内者,Ⅰ组为95.8%(158眼),Ⅱ组76.0%(98眼),Ⅲ组为28.0%(14眼);角膜上皮下基质混浊,0～0.5级的Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组均为100%,Ⅲ组为90.0%(45眼).结论PRK治疗近视,低中度近视的远期效果满意,对-6.25～-10.00D的高度近视有效,但不如低中度近视的效果好,而对于≥-10.25D的超高度近视患者远期疗效不理想.     

准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术矫治儿童单纯远视性屈光参差

目的评价准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)矫治儿童单纯远视性屈光参差的临床疗效。方法采用Summit公司的SVSApexplus准分子激光系统,对22例远视儿童患者(7~15岁)绝对散光值低于1.25D的22只眼进行LASIK手术,最大预矫值 6.00D。术后1个月开始行弱视治疗。随访时间12个月以上。结果术前,球镜屈光度: 5.50~ 9.00( 6.25±0.43)D,柱镜屈光度:0.00~-1.25(-0.73±0.33)D,两眼等值球镜屈光度差值: 4.25~7.75( 6.13±0.51)D,裸眼远视力:0.05~0.3(0.12±0.10)D,裸眼近视力:0.1~0.5(0.19±0.14)D,矫正远视力:0.05~0.4(0.20±0.13)D,矫正近视力:0.1~0.6(0.27±0.16)D。术后12月,球镜屈光度:-0.50~ 0.75( 1·02±0.51)D,柱镜屈光度:0.00~-1.75(-0.52±0.51)D,两眼等值球镜屈光度差值:0.00~1.75(0.86±0.55)D,平均裸眼远视力:0.1~0.5(0.25±0.13)D,平均裸眼近视力:0.1~1.2(0.53±0.38)D,平均矫正远视力:0.1~0.6(0.29±0·17)D,平均矫正近视力:0.1~1.2(0.56±0.37)D。所有手术眼均未见最佳矫正视力丢失。结论LASIK矫治儿童单纯远视性屈光参差是安全、有效的,可明显减少双眼屈光参差度。术后辅以弱视治疗疗效显著。     

微型角膜刀板层角膜成形联合准分子激光角膜切削术治疗高度近视65例

 目的:探讨微型角膜刀板层角膜成形联合准分子激光角膜切削术(MLK-E)治疗高度近视的预测性、稳定性及安全性.方法:利用SCMD公司生产的微型角膜刀及Compak-200型准分子激光机对65例(124眼)-6.00 D以上的高度近视施行矫治手术,术后随访3～6个月.结果:Ⅰ组(-15.00 D以下)术后3个月及6个月时裸眼视力分别为0.70±0.26、0.75±0.24,裸眼视力达到及超过最佳矫正视力的比例为50.6%、75.0%,3个月时的欠矫率10.9%.Ⅱ组(-15.00 D以上)术后3个月及6个月时裸眼视力分别为0.36±0.16、0.29±0.16,裸眼视力达到及超过最佳矫正视力的比例为60.6%、50.0%,3个月时欠矫率21.2%.结论:MLK-E对于矫正-6.00D以上的高度近视是有效且安全的,但应注意其潜在并发症.     

小光斑飞点式准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术治疗近视眼的疗效观察

目的评价小光斑飞点式准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术治疗近视眼的疗效。方法采用德国Schwind公司生产的Esiris第六代小光斑飞点式准分子激光系统和法国Moria公司生产的气动平推式角膜板层刀,对67例134眼近视患者(-2.00D～-15.00D)行LASIK手术,术后随访6个月,观察分析视力及屈光度的变化。结果术前矫正视力≥1.0的125眼,术后第1天裸眼视力在0.5、0.8、1.0以上的分别为96.8%(121眼)、81.6%(102眼)、78.4%(98眼),术后1、3、6个月裸眼视力>1.0的分别为98.4%(123眼)、97.6%(122眼)、97.6%(122眼);术前矫正视力≤0.8的9眼,术后6个月时裸眼视力较术前矫正视力提高者占55.6%(5眼);所有患者屈光度在术后1～3个月时基本稳定。结论小光斑飞点式准分子激光治疗近视眼术后视力恢复快,稳定快,无偏心切削、中心岛形成及不规则散光。     

屈光处理多区切削LASIK矫正超高度近视的临床效果

目的 探讨屈光处理(advanced refractive treatment,ART)多区切削的LASIK矫正超高度近视的临床效果.方法 ART多区切削LASIK近视患者56例105只眼(观察组),同期常规单边切削LASIK近视患者50例100只眼(对照组),比较两组患者角膜切削深度、切削时间、术后视力、手术并发症和安全性.结果 ART多区切削LASIK更节省角膜厚度与手术时间;两组在术后视力恢复、不适症状发生率、安全性方面,差异无显著意义(P＞0.05).结论 ART多区切削的LASIK是矫正超高度近视的安全、有效的临床手段.     

PRK与LASIK矫治远视的疗效比较

目的 对准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术（PRK）和准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（LASIK）联合可蚀盘矫治远视的疗效进行比较。方法 使用可蚀盘联合三棱镜抛光技术。对25例患者40只远视眼进行矫治。其中PRK16眼，LASIK24眼，患者术前屈光度 1.62- 6.25D。术后随访12个月。结果 术后12个月，PRK组有2眼（12.5%)，LASIK组有3眼（12.5%)最佳矫正远视力丢失2行以上；而最佳矫正近视力丢失2行以上者分别为1眼（6.3%)和2眼（8.3%)。平均裸眼远视力PRK组为0.55,LASIK组为0.68；平均裸眼近视力PRK组为0.66，LASIK组为0.85，PRK组有12眼（75.0%)，LASIK组有20眼（83.3%)残余屈光度在-1.00D- 1.00D之间。术后1-3个月，PRK组平均回退量为0.95D,LASIK组的平均回退量为0.76D；术后3-6个月，其回退量分别为0.35D和0.08D；术后6-12个月，回退量分别为-0.22D和0.00D。两种术式疗效比较差异均有显著意义。结论 使用可蚀盘联合三棱镜矫治远视是安全的，PRK与LASIK两种方法均可获得满意的远期疗效。但LASIK较PRK更容易稳定，且有效性和预测性更好。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.