酸柏栀油软胶囊抗氧化作用初步研究

目的:探讨酸柏栀油软胶囊抗氧化作用。方法:将60只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、高、中、低酸柏栀软胶囊组和辛伐他汀组。对照组正常饮食,其他组高脂饮食,4周后,眼眶采血全自动生化分析仪测定血清中甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(CH)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)水平。高脂血症大鼠模型建立后,对照组不做处理,其他组均在每天上午9:00按1ml/100g剂量灌胃:模型对照组给予生理盐水,阳性对照组给予辛伐他汀(0.3mg/100g),高剂量组给予酸柏栀油软胶囊(0.45g/100g),中剂量组给予酸柏栀油软胶囊(0.18g/100g),低剂量组给予酸柏栀油软胶囊(0.072g/100g)。5周后,水合氯醛腹腔麻醉,腹主动脉采血测定血浆中TG、CH、HDL、LDL及总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)水平。结果:高脂饮食4周后,高脂饮食大鼠血浆CH、HDL、LDL水平高于对照组,TG水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。干预5周后,酸柏栀油软胶囊均可降低高脂血症大鼠血清TC、升高血清T-SOD(P<0.01);高剂量组降低LDL-C和TG水平(P<0.05)。结论:酸柏栀油软胶囊具有降低高脂血症大鼠血脂和升高高脂血症大鼠血清总超氧化物歧化酶作用。     

脑梗死与脑出血患者血脂对比研究

目的研究脑梗死和脑出血的血脂水平差异。方法对183例脑梗死患者、同期住院的45例脑出血患者及150例对照组分别测定其总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)和极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL),并进行比较分析。结果脑梗死组的TC、TG、LDL较对照组增高(P<0.05、P<0.05、P<0.01),HDL较对照组低(P<0.05);脑出血组HDL亦较对照组低(P<0.05),但同脑梗死相比较,TC、LDL显著降低(P<0.01)。结论高TC、TG、LDL及低HDL水平是脑梗死发病的危险因素,相反低TC、LDL水平则可能存在脑出血倾向。     

不同剂量阿托伐他汀对冠心病患者血脂水平的临床疗效分析

目的 研究不同剂量阿托伐他汀对冠心病患者血脂水平的影响.方法 选取我院心血管内科2014年6月—2015年6月收治的冠心病患者120例,随机分为Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和对照组,每组各40例.对照组采用常规方法治疗,Ⅰ组在常规治疗基础上加用10 mg/d阿托伐他汀治疗,Ⅱ组在常规治疗基础上加用20 mg/d阿托伐他汀治疗.3个月后对比3组患者治疗前后总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)变化情况.同时观察3组患者的药物不良反应发生情况,比较不良反应发生率.结果 对照组患者治疗前后TC、TG、HDL、LDL等指标无明显变化,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Ⅰ组患者治疗前后的TC、TG、LDL比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而HDL比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Ⅱ组患者治疗前后TC、TG、HDL、LDL比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).3组患者药物不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).Ⅱ组患者整体疗效最佳.结论 中等剂量(20 mg/d)的阿托伐他汀对冠心病患者的血脂水平作用明显,临床疗效显著.     

维持性血液透析患者血清甲状腺激素与血脂代谢的相关性

目的探讨维持性血液透析(MHD)患者血清甲状腺激素的变化以及对MHD患者血脂代谢的影响。方法MHD组患者30例和正常对照组30例监测血清TT3、TT4、FT3、FT4、S-TSH,以及测定患者的血浆TP、ALB、TG、HDL、LDL、Scr和BUN。临床观察患者的身高、体重,计算BM I。分析血清甲状腺激素和血脂代谢的相关性。结果MHD患者血清甲状腺激素显著低于对照组(P<0.01),TP、ALB显著低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);血浆TG、LDL显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.05),HDL显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论血清甲状腺激素水平降低与肾功能损害程度密切相关,与MHD患者血脂代谢紊乱有一定的关系。因此,MHD患者血清甲状腺激素水平降低是MHD患者脂质代谢紊乱的重要因素之一。     

中药赤水丹对家兔实验性高脂血症的预防作用研究

目的:研究赤水丹对家兔实验性高脂血症的预防作用。方法:将家兔分为5组,正常对照组,高脂对照组,烟酸肌醇酯组(0.2g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)),赤水丹高剂量组(0.8g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)),赤水丹低剂量组(0.4g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))。除正常对照组外,其余4组喂养高胆固醇饲料4周,同时给予上述剂量的不同药物。测定总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、高密度脂蛋白—胆固醇(HDL—C)、低密度脂蛋白—胆固醇(LDL—C)等指标。结果:赤水丹高剂量组的TC、TG、LDL—C、TC/HDL—C显著低于高脂对照组(P<0 .01)赤水丹低剂量组的TC、TG、TC/HDL-C显著低于高脂对照组(P<0.05～0.01)。赤水丹高、低剂量组的HDL—C显著高于高脂对照组(P<0.01)。赤水丹高、低剂量组的血栓素B_2(TXB_2),过氧化脂质(LPO)显著低于高脂对照组(P<0.01)。赤水丹组的超过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和6-酮-前列腺素F_(1a)(6—keto—PGF_(1a))显著高于高脂对照组(P<0.05～0.01)。结论:赤水丹对家兔实验性高脂血症有显著的预防作用。     

外源性雌激素对雄性青春前期大鼠生殖系统的损伤及其自然修复过程

目的: 研究雄性大鼠青春前期灌胃摄入外源性雌激素苯甲酸雌二醇（EB）对生殖系统发育的影响及停止干预后机体自然修复情况,阐明外源性雌激素产生生殖毒性的可能机制。方法:选择21日龄雄性Wistar大鼠90只,随机分为对照组、低剂量EB组和高剂量EB组,每组30只。于青春前期,即出生后第21天（PND21）时低剂量EB组和高剂量EB组分别灌胃给予15和15 000 μg?kg-1 EB,对照组仅给予等剂量的溶媒花生油,隔日1次,连续给药2周,停药后正常饲养,于性成熟期（PND60）及自然恢复65 d（PND125）时分批从每组中随机抽取15只大鼠处死取材,放射免疫法检测大鼠血清卵泡刺激素（FSH）、黄体生成素（LH）、催乳素（PRL）、睾酮（T）和雌二醇（E2）水平,称量睾丸质量,光学显微镜观察睾丸组织形态学表现。结果: 染毒2周后饲养至生后60 d解剖大鼠,与对照组比较,低和高剂量EB组大鼠血清T水平均降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）,FSH、LH及E2水平均升高 (P<0.05或P<0.01),PRL水平无明显变化（P>0.05）,睾丸质量均下降（P<0.01）;睾丸组织切片可见睾丸生精小管排列欠致密,小管间隙增大,生精上皮中生精细胞层数减少。与低剂量EB组比较,高剂量EB组大鼠血清T和FSH水平降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),E2和LH水平升高( P<0.01),PRL水平无明显变化（P>0.05）,高剂量睾丸质量降低(P<0.01);睾丸组织切片可见管径较小,高剂量EB组未见精子,低剂量EB组可见少量精子。经自然恢复65 d后,与对照组比较,低和高剂量EB组大鼠血清T、FSH和PRL水平均降低(P<0.01),E2水平升高( P<0.01);低剂量EB组大鼠血清LH水平升高（P<0.05）;高剂量EB组大鼠血清LH水平降低(P<0.01),睾丸质量降低（P<0.01）,睾丸组织切片可见管径较恢复前无明显变化,生精细胞层数较恢复前增多,但仍少于对照组;与低剂量EB组比较,高剂量EB组大鼠血清T和LH水平降低（P<0.01）,FSH和E2水平升高（P<0.01）,PRL无明显变化（P>0.05）,睾丸质量降低（P<0.01）;睾丸组织切片可见生精小管,与恢复前比较无明显变化,高剂量EB组仍未见成熟精子细胞,低剂量EB组可见精子数较恢复前增多,但仍少于对照组。结论: 外源性雌激素可导致血清性激素分泌紊乱和生殖系统损伤,严重时甚至可引起不可逆损伤。     

冠心病冠状动脉病变程度与临床生化指标相关性研究

目的:研究不同类型冠心病生化指标与冠状动脉病变程度相关性.方法:检测稳定型心绞痛、不稳定型心绞痛、急性心肌梗死和正常对照组研究对象血压、BG 、TC 、TG 、LDL 、HDL 、LP(a) 和hs-CRP 水平,分析其与Gensini 积分的相关性.结果:冠心病组患者BMI 指数、血压、BG 、TC 、TG 、LDL 和LP(a) 均高于对照组(P<0.05);TC 、TG 、LDL 、HDL 、Gensini 积分和hs-CRP 在冠心病各组间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).BMI 指数、血压、TC 、TG 和LDL 在冠心病组患者中与Gensini 积分正相关(P>0.05),HDL 呈负相关(P<0.05);hs-CRP 在SAP 组和UAP 组患者中与Gensini 积分无相关性,在AMI 组正相关(P<0.05).BMI 指数、TC 、TG 、LDL 、LP(a) 和hs-CRP 是Gensini 积分的危险因素,HDL 为保护因素.结论:BMI 指数、血压、TC 、TG 和LDL 与冠状动脉病变程度正相关,可作为其评估的临床生化指标.     

血糖控制对2型糖尿病患者载脂蛋白A水平的影响

目的 观察分析2型糖尿病患者载脂蛋白A(apoA)水平变化与血糖控制状态关系及其可能的影响机制.方法 采用自动生化仪检测213名2型糖尿病患者血浆总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、载脂蛋白A(apoA)、载脂蛋白B(apoB),用离子交换高效液相色谱分析法测定糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc),比较其与血脂指标的相关性.结果 两组HDL-C水平差异无统计学意义[(1.26±0.45)mmol/vs(1.13±0.35)mmol/L,P>0.05];控制满意组apoA水平显著高于非满意组[(1.16±0.31)g/Lvs(0.98±0.32)g/L,P<0.01],apoB/apoA显著低于非满意组(P<0.05).TC、TG、LDL、VLDL水平两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).直线相关分析显示apoA与HbAlc、FBG呈显著负相关(r=-0.30,P<0.01;r=-0.24,P<0.01);apoA与HDL、TC呈显著正相关(r=0.74,P<0.01;r=0.39,P<0.01).结论 2型糖尿病患者血糖控制状态显著影响apoA水平,这可能是HDL功能紊乱的重要原因.     

血脂全套分析在肾病综合征诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨肾病综合征(NS)患者血浆总胆固醇(CHOL)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、载脂蛋白A1(Apo-A1)及载脂蛋白B(Apo-B)水平变化及临床意义.方法 选择2013年1月至2016年11月太和县人民医院收治的60例NS患者为NS疾病组,同期住院其他肾脏疾病患者30例(非NS患者)为疾病对照组,50例本院健康体检者为正常对照组,检测并比较治疗前3组对象的CHOL、TG、HDL、LDL、Apo-A1及Apo-B水平.结果 NS疾病组的CHOL、TG、HDL、LDL、Apo-A1及Apo-B水平分别为(9.18±2.50)mmol/L、(3.00±1.55)mmol/L、(1.65±0.53)mmol/L、(5.83±2.27)mmol/L、(1.66±0.42)g/L、(1.83±0.61)g/L;疾病对照组CHOL、TG、HDL、LDL、Apo-A1及Apo-B水平分别为(4.22±0.98)mmol/L、(1.89±1.35)mmol/L、(1.13±0.44)mmol/L、(2.39±0.70)mmol/L、(1.06±0.32)g/L、(0.88±0.22)g/L;正常对照组CHOL、TG、HDL、LDL、Apo-A1及Apo-B的水平分别为(4.42±0.46)mmol/L、(1.10±0.31)mmol/L、(1.33±0.21)mmol/L、(2.37±0.43)mmol/L、(1.31±0.17)g/L、(0.80±0.12)g/L.3组研究对象的生化指标差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且NS疾病组各指标水平均高于疾病对照组、正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而疾病对照组与正常对照组的TG、HDL和Apo-A1水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).3组研究对象的CHOL、TG、HDL、LDL、Apo-A1及Apo-B的异常率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 与正常健康人和非NS肾病患者比较,NS患者存在明显的血脂异常.     

H2O2可诱导ICR小鼠高脂血症

目的探讨外源性H2O2对ICR鼠血脂的影响。方法腹腔注射不同的浓度的H2O2处理ICR小鼠6周后,分光光度计法分别检测各组血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)及高密度脂蛋白/低密度脂蛋白比值(HDL/LDL)。结果与对照组相比,浓度为0.75%、1.5%H2O2处理组血清TC、TG水平升高,而HDL/LDL比值降低,但差异不显著(P>0.05);而3%H2O2处理组血清TC、TG水平显著升高(P<0.01),HDL/LDL比值显著降低(P<0.01)。结论 H2O2可诱导ICR小鼠高脂血症。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.