cDNA isolation and functional expression of myrcene synthase from Perilla frutescens

cDNA cloning of a monoterpene synthase from Perilla frutescens whose steam-distilled oil contains 92.9% perillaketone, was performed by the PCR method using primers designed based on limonene synthase. The full-length nucleotide sequence of this cDNA consisted of 1978 bp including a 1827-bp translational region encoding a deduced protein of 608 amino acids, which was similar to that of limonene synthase from P. frutescens (85% identity). Functional expression of this clone in Escherichia coli yielded an active monoterpene synthase enzyme, which converted geranyl diphosphate into 53.8% myrcene, 20.9% sabinene, 19.8% linalool and 5.5% limonene. As for the extraction of reaction products, we performed SPME (solid phase micro extraction) as well as conventional solvent extraction, and compared these two extraction methods.     

GC/MS分析紫苏子与亚麻子脂肪酸成分

探讨紫苏子和亚麻子油中的脂肪酸组成,为开发利用提供依据。方法：化学法萃取紫苏子和亚麻子油,ＧＣ／ＭＳ分析油中的脂肪酸成分。结果：紫苏子和亚麻子得油率（Ｗ／Ｗ）分别为２９．５２％和３８．９７％。紫苏子油中检出软脂酸、亚油酸、α－亚麻酸、硬脂酸、二十碳—烯酸和二十碳烷酸等６种脂肪酸,它们的相对百分含量分别为５．９１％、７．０３％、８４．５０％、２．４１％、０．０５％和０．１０％;亚麻子油中检出软脂酸、亚油酸、α－亚麻酸、硬脂酸和二十二碳烷酸等５种脂肪酸和２种未知成分,已知脂肪酸成分占总脂肪酸组分的９９．９１％,其相对百分含量分别为４．２９％、８．２０％、８３．８４％、３．５３％和０．０５％。结论：紫苏子和亚麻子油的脂肪酸组成均比较简单,并富含可开发利用的α－亚麻酸。     

紫苏子镇咳、祛痰、平喘作用的药理研究

目的 对紫苏子及其炮制品的梯度溶媒提取物进行了镇咳、祛痰、平喘的对比性研究。方法 浓氨水喷雾法、毛细玻管法、喷雾致喘法。结果 1．紫苏子水提物、醇提物和醚提物均显示了程度不同的镇咳作用。2．紫苏子和炒紫苏子水提物的小剂量组均有良好的祛痰作用。3．对1％氯化乙酰胆碱诱导的豚鼠哮喘未发现其有平喘作用。但对用2％氯化乙酰胆碱和0．1％磷酸组胺的等量混合液诱喘的哮喘模型，炒紫苏子水提物和醚提物的小剂量组都显示出显著的平喘效果。结论 紫苏子具有一定的镇咳、祛痰和平喘作用，其镇咳成分较分散。平喘成分的水溶性大。存在于炒紫苏子的平喘成分其极性较分散，既存在于极性大的部分也存在于极性小的部分。     

紫苏梗挥发油的GC-MS定性分析

目的:定性分析紫苏梗中的挥发油。方法:采用超临界流体CO2(SFE-CO2)萃取紫苏梗挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法分离鉴定,同时用化学计量学方法解析重叠色谱峰的二维色谱MS数据。结果:共分离解析出81种组分,其中26种组分在紫苏的相关GC-MS分析中未见报道。结论:紫苏梗挥发油SFE-CO2萃取物中有多个正构烷烃存在。GC-MS结合化学计量学方法分析紫苏梗挥发油可获取更多的信息。     

Determination of perillaldehyde in perilla herbs using relative molar sensitivity to single-reference diphenyl sulfone

Journal of Natural Medicines - Perillaldehyde (PRL) is one of the essential oil components derived from perilla plants (Perilla frutescens Britton) and is a characteristic compound of the...     

Effect of Perilla frutescens extract on nitric oxide production by cultured murine mesangial cells.

The effects of a water extract of perilla (Perilla frutescens Britton) leaves on nitric oxide (NO) production by cultured murine mesangial cells were investigated. Perilla extract significantly induced NO production from mesangial cells, which was enormously augmented without cytotoxity by combination with interferon (IFN)-gamma or tumor necrosis factor-alpha. On the other hand, perilla extract suppressed a large amount of NO production induced by IFN-gamma combined with lipopolysaccharide. Northern blot analysis revealed that such effects of perilla extract were dependent on inducible NO synthase mRNA expression. Perilla extract exhibited an inhibitory effect on cytokine-induced mesangial cell proliferation, and this effect was significantly decreased upon combination with N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), a non-specific NO synthase inhibitor, suggesting that perilla extract inhibits mesangial cell proliferation partially through the induction of NO production. Such results indicate that perilla may be a promising agent for the prevention of the progression of glomerulonephritis.     

超临界CO_2萃取紫苏叶挥发油及其成分分析

目的:采用超临界流体萃取技术提取紫苏叶挥发油,并用GC-MS对挥发油进行化学成分分析。方法:通过单因素实验和正交实验法确定超临界CO2流体萃取紫苏叶挥发油的最佳条件,考察萃取压力、温度、动态萃取时间及CO2流量对挥发油得率的影响;利用GC-MS分析最佳萃取条件下所得挥发油的化学成分,面积归一化法测定其百分含量。结果:紫苏叶超临界CO2萃取最佳条件为:萃取压力20 MPa,温度35℃,萃取时间150 min,CO2流量10 kg.h-1;挥发油的得率3.2%,从中鉴定出了16个化合物,其含量占出峰物质总量的97.68%。结论:紫苏叶挥发油中富含醚、萜类化合物、酯、酮和醇等组分。     

Composition of the Essential Oil of Cymbopogon travancorensis

The chemical composition of the essential oil of CYMBOPOGON TRAVANCORENSIS Bor. (Poaceae) was investigated by capillary GC and GC-MS. Thirty-five compounds were identified. The oil contains mono- and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (39.60%), oxygenated terpenes (30.45%), and phenyl propanoids (22.04%). The main constituents of the oil are camphene (11.86%), limonene (18.07%), borneol (9.71%), elemicin (17.22%), and elemol (11.21%).     

紫苏子化学成分初步研究

对紫苏子化学成分的研究结果表明：种子含大量脂肪油（含量42．16％），油中含大量不饱和脂肪酸：亚麻酸（64．752％）、亚油酸（13．802％）、油酸（14．278％）等，总量达94．682％。此外，种子含18种氨基酸和18种矿质元素，表明种子含有种类齐全的氨基酸和矿质元素。因此，种子和种子油具有较高的营养价值和药用保健功效。     

Sedative effects of inhaled Perilla frutescens essential oils on mice

Journal of Natural Medicines - Perilla frutescens is an ingredient for cooking and for Japanese traditional medicine formulations. Essential oils extracted from P. frutescens are classified...     

Bioconversion of essential oil components of Perilla frutescens by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Journal of Natural Medicines - The essential oil of perilla (Perilla frutescens) contains volatile low molecular weight compounds such as monoterpenes and phenylpropenes. The composition of the...     

紫苏叶挥发油GC-MS与直观推导式演进特征投影法分析

目的:定性分析紫苏叶的挥发油。方法:利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法分离鉴定,同时用直观推导式演进特征投影法解析重叠色谱峰的二维色谱MS数据,获取组分的色谱曲线和MS。再根据组分的MS和保留时间进行库相似性检索以实现定性。结果:共分离解析出76种组分,其中19种组分在紫苏的相关GC-MS分析中未见报道。结论:GC-MS与直观推导式演进特征投影法分析紫苏叶挥发油成分可提供更多的信息。     

紫苏梗对大鼠离体结肠平滑肌条运动的影响

目的观察紫苏梗对正常及肢体缺血再灌注大鼠结肠环形肌条收缩波平均振幅的影响。方法利用肢体缺血再灌注大鼠制备胃肠动力障碍模型。取大鼠结肠环形肌条,置于恒温灌流肌槽内,通过多导生理记录仪记录紫苏梗在结肠环形肌条收缩活动中的效应。结果紫苏梗能升高模型鼠结肠环形肌条收缩波平均振幅,对正常鼠则无明显影响。结论紫苏梗对胃肠动力障碍模型鼠结肠环形肌条收缩运动具有明显的兴奋作用,而对正常鼠结肠收缩运动无兴奋作用。     

柠檬桉叶挥发油化学成分气相色谱-质谱分析研究

目的 研究广东产柠檬桉叶挥发油的化学成分.方法 采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取广东产柠檬桉叶挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行分离测定,结合计算机检索技术对分离的化合物进行结构鉴定,应用气相色谱峰面积归一化法确定各组成分的相对含量.结果 首次确定了广东产柠檬桉叶挥发油中33个化合物,其主要成分是薄荷醇(34.33％)、新薄荷醇(16.11％)、右旋香茅醇(13.93％)、香茅醛(12.42％)、孟二醇(5.16％)等.采用峰面积归一法计算各组分的相对含量,所鉴定成分占总馏出峰面积的96.07％.结论 确定了广东产柠檬桉叶挥发油的化学成分,与文献报道具有相似性,但仍存在差别,结果提示下一步有必要对柠檬桉叶挥发油成分新的药理作用进行深入研究,为综合利用柠檬桉叶挥发油奠定基础.     

紫苏梗的化学成分研究

目的:研究紫苏梗的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱等对紫苏梗95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部位进行分离纯化,根据波谱学数据和理化性质进行结构鉴定。结果:共分离并鉴定了6个化合物,分别为:胡萝卜苷(1)、齐墩果酸(2)、常春藤皂苷元(3)、芹菜素(4)、2,6-二甲氧基苯醌(5)、肌醇(6)。结论:化合物1、3、4、5和6均为首次从紫苏梗中分离得到。     

Genetic analysis of nothoapiol formation in Perilla frutescens.

A new essential oil chemotype of Perilla frutescens was found in that plant variety from Che-ju island in Korea. The steam-distilled oil of this plant was examined by GC-MS and 32 compounds were identified. Its principal constituents were beta-caryophyllene, dillapiol and nothoapiol. Also, crossing experiments were performed between the new chemotype and known chemotypes to clarify the genetic control of the production of nothoapiol. The gene Na, which promotes conversion from dillapiol to nothoapiol, was suggested, and was considered to be closely linked with the allele D.     

Shorter and more efficient pretreatment for germination of perilla mericarps

Journal of Natural Medicines - Perilla (Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton) mericarps are known to undergo dormancy; however, this can be broken by sulfuric acid treatment and cold stratification....     

不同种质紫苏叶挥发性成分化学型研究

目的:分析不同种质紫苏叶挥发性成分的化学型,并探讨其种质、叶片颜色与化学型的关系。方法:采用气质联用技术(GC-MS),以P4峰为参照,绘制30批紫苏叶挥发性成分的指纹图谱,采用《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2004A版)》进行相似度评价,确定共有峰。采用同一GC-MS法测定紫苏叶挥发性成分;采用Qualitative Navigator(B.08.00)软件分析并与NIST 17标准质谱数据库进行检索比对,分析各色谱峰对应的化合物;采用Origin 2018软件进行聚类分析。结果:30批紫苏叶挥发性成分共有13个共有峰,相似度为0.13~1.00。从30批不同种质紫苏叶样品中共鉴定出54种成分;聚类分析结果显示,30批样品可聚为三大类,其中SCY-1、YNT-9、YNX-17、YN-28为一类,以榄香素(PP-e)为主要挥发性成分,为PP-e型;GS-4、GS-7、GS-11、GS-19、HBA-14、HBA-20、GZZ-8、LN-39、GSL-27、GSQ-32、GSQ-33、GST-31、YNW-12、LN-38为一类,除LN-38外均以紫苏酮(PK)含量最高,为PK型[LN-38中芹菜脑(PP-a)含量高于紫苏酮,为PP-a型];HBS-2、HBS-3、HBS-6、HBS-15、HBS-16、HBS-24、HBS-25、GX-26、SXS-30、SCC-36、RB-37、SC-29为一类,以紫苏醛(PA)含量较高,为PA型;不同种质紫苏叶颜色特征结果显示,叶片颜色两面绿的白苏均为PK型,而叶片单面或两面紫的紫苏大多为PA型,耳齿紫苏多为PP-e型。结论:紫苏叶挥发性成分化学型与其叶片颜色之间存在一定的对应关系,叶片单面或两面紫的紫苏叶大多为PA型;叶片颜色为两面绿的野生紫苏、耳齿紫苏、白苏均不属于PA型,其中白苏均为PK型;耳齿紫苏多为PP-e型。     

Inhibitory effect of decoction of Perilla frutescens on cultured murine mesangial cell proliferation and quantitative analysis of its active constituents

The leaves of Perilla frutescens (perilla) are a common herb used in Japan for garnishing raw seafood. Previously, we reported that a decoction of perilla leaves had suppressive effects on the progression of glomerulonephritis in an animal model of spontaneous IgA nephropathy. The objective of the present study was to isolate anti-nephritic constituents in the perilla decoction under the guidance of its in vitro anti-proliferative activity on cultured murine mesangial cells, and to measure the contents of the active constituents in decoctions prepared from various perilla chemotypes, which differ in their composition of essential oils and/or pigments. DNA synthesis of cultured mesangial cells induced by 1% fetal calf serum was significantly inhibited by the perilla decoction (IC50 values, 8.8 microg/ml). Caffeic acid, luteolin 7-O-[beta-glucuronosyl(1-->2)beta-glucuronide], apigenin 7-O-[beta-glucuronosyl(1-->2)beta-glucuronide], scutellarin, and rosmarinic acid were isolated as active constituents. The contents of these phenolic compounds were not significantly different among chemotypes of P. frutescens. Considering the relation between the contents in the perilla decoction and the activities of these compounds, rosmarinic acid represents the in vitro anti-proliferative effect of perilla decoction.     

Luteolin inhibits LPS-stimulated inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in BV-2 microglial cells

Overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) acts as a neurotoxic effector in the central nervous system, resulting in neurodegenerative diseases. From the alcoholic extracts of Perilla frutescens, we have purified an inhibitor of NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglia by activity-guided purification. The active compound was identified as luteolin by spectral analysis. Luteolin inhibited the NO production in LPS-activated microglia in a dose-dependent manner (IC50=6.9 microM). Luteolin also suppressed the degradation of I-kappaB-alpha, the expression of protein and mRNA of iNOS in LPS-activated microglia as observed in Western blot analysis and RT-PCR experiments. Luteolin may have beneficial effects in the treatment of neuro-inflammatory diseases through the inhibition of iNOS expression.