急性前壁心肌梗死患者心电图下壁导联改变的意义

目的明确常规体表心电图下壁导联 ST段偏移对急性前壁心肌梗死患者左冠状动脉前降支 ( LAD)分布特点及其病变部位的判断价值。方法根据 L AD分布特点及其病变部位在第一对角支或第一间隔支的近端抑或远端 ,将 87例急性前壁心肌梗死患者进行分组 ,并比较各组患者的心电图改变。结果 1L AD近端病变组患者下壁导联 、 和 a VF的 ST段压低≥ 1mm的发生率明显高于远端组患者 ( :79%与 2 9% , :86 %与 19% ,a VF:75 %与 45 % ,P<0 .0 1) ;2左冠优势型组患者下壁导联 、 和 a VF的 ST段压低≥1mm的发生率明显优于非优势型组患者 ( :2 8%与 92 % , :2 8%与 94% ,a VF:31%与 96 % ,P<0 .0 1) ;3共 12例患者下壁导联ST段抬高总和≥ 3.0 mm,且均见于左冠优势型并 LAD远端病变患者。结论常规体表心电图下壁导联 ST段偏移是判断 LAD分布特点及其病变部位的良好方法     

急性下壁心梗心电图特点与冠脉造影梗死相关动脉相关性分析

目的 探讨根据急性下壁心肌梗死心电图(ECG)特点来判断梗死相关动脉(IRA).方法 对照研究76例急性下壁心肌梗死患者的冠脉造影资料,分析梗死相关动脉及体表心电图变化.结果 梗死相关动脉为右冠状动脉(RCA)可能性大的有:心电图ST段抬高Ⅲ＞Ⅱ(83.6％),心电图ST段压低AVL＞Ⅰ(82.1％),V3导联ST段压低与Ⅲ导联ST段抬高比值≤1.2(83.3％),aVL S/R＞ 1/3伴ST段压低＞1 mm(90％),梗死相关动脉为左回旋支动脉(LCX)可能性大的有:ST段抬高Ⅲ≤Ⅱ(80％),ST段压低aVL≤Ⅰ(71.4％),V3导联ST段压低与Ⅲ导联ST段抬高比值＞1.2(83.4％),如S/R≤1/3伴ST段压低≤1mm(85.7％).结论 急性下壁心肌梗死时体表心电图与梗死相关动脉有明显相关性,且有较好的预测价值.     

急性下壁心肌梗死中心电图与梗死相关动脉间的关系

目的 探讨急性下壁心肌梗死（AMI）时体表心电图对梗死相关动脉（IRA）的判断价值.方法 选择经冠状动脉造影确诊的急性下壁AMI患者98例,观察其心电图表现与冠状动脉造影的关系.结果 98例下壁AMI患者中,右冠状动脉（RCA）病变68例,左回旋支（LCX）病变30例.以RCA病变为主时,心电图表现为Ⅲ导联ST段抬高幅度〉Ⅱ导联ST段抬高幅度、aVL 导联ST段压低和aVR导联ST段抬高;以LCX病变为主时,心电图表现为Ⅲ导联ST段抬高幅度〈Ⅱ导联ST段抬高幅度、aVL 导联ST段抬高和aVR导联ST段压低.结论 临床医师可通过心电图上的ST段移位对急性下壁AMI的患者的IRA作出初步判断.     

心电图诊断急性下壁心肌梗死患者梗死相关动脉的意义

[目的]评价体表心电图(ECG)各指标判断急性下壁心肌梗死(MI)患者梗死相关动脉(IRA)的临床意义.[方法]对116例急性下壁MI患者的体表ECG与冠状动脉造影(CAG)资料进行对比分析.[结果]判定IRA为右冠状动脉(RCA)的ECG各指标的敏感度、特异度分别为Ⅰ导联ST段压低或水平为100%、19%;Ⅰ、aVL导联ST段同时压低为75%、100%;ST段抬高水平Ⅲ导联>Ⅱ导联为95%、91%.判定IRA为左回旋支(LCX)的ECG各指标的敏感度、特异度分别为Ⅰ导联ST段抬高为21%、100%;ST段抬高水平Ⅲ导联<Ⅱ导联为93%,92%.[结论]Ⅰ导联ST段压低或水平,Ⅰ、aVL导联ST段同时压低,ST段抬高水平Ⅲ导联>Ⅱ导联可判定IRA为RCA.Ⅰ导联ST段抬高,ST段抬高水平Ⅲ导联<Ⅱ导联可判定IRA为LCX.     

ST段偏移模式预测急性心肌梗死罪犯血管和罪犯病变部位

目的评价ST段偏移模式对急性心肌梗死罪犯血管、罪犯病变部位的预测效果。方法对完成介入手术的急性心肌梗死患者(分为下壁和前壁)判断罪犯血管、罪犯病变部位以及分析各导联ST段偏移特点,并对相关性进行分析。结果在急性下壁心肌梗死患者中,ST_Ⅲ抬高程度＞ST_Ⅱ以及ST_(Ⅰ、aVL)导联压低＞1 mm预测右冠罪犯病变具有良好的敏感性(75%)和特异性(100%)。对于前壁心肌梗死患者,ST_(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF)压低＞1 mm预测前降支近段罪犯病变敏感性(39%)稍差,但特异性(93%)良好。结论心电图是判断罪犯血管和罪犯病变重要、可行的方法。     

急性前壁和前壁合并下壁心肌梗死患者入院时心电图与冠状动脉血管造影所示病变之间的关系及预测价值

目的：探讨急性前壁和前壁合并下壁心肌梗死患者入院时心电图对冠状动脉造影所示病变之间的关系及预测价值。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2014年6月收治的248例前壁 ST 段抬高型心肌梗死（ASTEMI）患者入院心电图及冠状动脉造影资料。按心电图下壁导联 ST 段变化将其分为：急性前壁 ST 段抬高型心肌梗死合并下壁导联ST 段抬高组（ASTEMI + Ie）和急性前壁 ST 段抬高型心肌梗死合并下壁导联 ST 段压低组（ASTEMI + Id）;按冠状动脉造影结果分为：单支血管病变（SLAD）和多支血管病变（MAD）。结果心电图表现为 ASTEMI + Ie 者78例（31.5%）, ASTEMI + Id 者170例（68.5%）。冠状动脉造影有132例（53.2%）。ASTEMI + Ie 与 ASTEMI + Id 组中 SLAD、MAD 比率无显著差异（χ2=0.033,P >0.05）。ASTEMI + Id 患者中,aVL、V6导联出现 ST 段压低累及 MVD 情况均明显多于SLAD（χ2=17.015,χ2=21.147,P <0.01）。累及 LAD 的 MVD 患者中,aVL、V4、V5、V6导联 ST 段压低的比率明显多于SLAD 患者,差异均有统计学意义（ P <0.01）。结论当 ASTEMI 患者入院心电图下壁导联有对应性变化,前侧壁导联ST 段压低,则提示可能为 MVD 病变。     

aVL导联在急性下壁心肌梗死中的诊断2例分析

常规体表心电图诊断下壁急性心肌梗死（AMI）简便、快捷,但超急性期或急性期下壁AMI部分表现不典型,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联ST段抬高不明显,甚至不抬高,造成诊断困难,而aVL导联的改变有利于早期诊断,现报告2例。     

急性下壁心肌梗死中梗死相关血管的心电图表现

目的：探讨心电图在判断下壁急性心肌梗死（AMI）中梗死相关血管（IRA）和预测患者住院期间心脏事件中的价值。方法：选择经冠状动脉造影确诊的下壁AMI患者163例，观察其心电图表现与冠状动脉造影、住院期间心脏事件的关系。结果：163例下壁AMI患者中，有冠状动脉（RCA）病变112例，左回旋支（LCX）病变5I例。以RCA病变为主时,心电图表现为Ⅲ导联ST段抬高幅度〉Ⅱ导联ST段抬高幅度、aVL导联ST段压低和aVR导联ST段抬高：LCX病变心电图多表现为Ⅲ导联ST段抬高幅度〈Ⅱ导联ST段抬高幅度、aVL导联ST段抬高和aVR导联ST段压低。Ⅲ导联ST段抬高幅度〉Ⅱ导联ST段抬高幅度，则提示合并有心室AMI及缓慢性心律失常的发生率高于Ⅲ导联ST段抬高幅度〈Ⅱ导联ST段抬高幅度者。结论：临床医师可通过心电图上的ST段移位对AMl患者的IRA作出初步判断,并评估其预后。     

aVR导联对左主干病变预测价值的初步研究

目的:探索体表十二导联心电图ST aVR抬高及ST aVR/STV 1抬高≥1预测左主干急性闭塞诱发前壁心肌梗死中的价值。方法:2003-08/2008-04本院确诊为急性前壁心肌梗死的120例患者,据经冠脉造影结果分为左主干闭塞组(LM组)38例;前降支闭塞组(LAD组)82例,计算并比较两组十二导联心电图aVR导联的ST段抬高及ST aVR/STV 1抬高≥1比例。结果:与LAD组比较,LM组ST aVR抬高例数显著增高(0.16±0.10 vs 0.05±0.06,P<0.05),且ST aVR/STV 1抬高≥1例数,LM组也显著增高(0.16±0.21 vs-0.09±0.11,P<0.01)。结论:十二导联心电图中检测ST aVR抬高及ST aVR抬高/STV 1抬高≥1有助于鉴别诊断前壁AM I患者中LM闭塞或LAD闭塞。     

不同的梗死相关血管急性下壁心肌梗死特点

目的分析不同梗死相关血管的急性下壁心肌梗死患者的临床特点。方法根据冠状动脉造影结果将急性下壁心肌梗死患者分2组,A组76例为右冠状动脉(RCA)闭塞,B组24例为左回旋支冠状动脉(LCX)闭塞,并进行比较分析。结果心电图ST段抬高STⅢ>STⅡA组显著高于B组(P<0.05);ST段抬高STⅢ0.1mVA组显著高于B组(P<0.05);合并左前降支冠状动脉(LAD)病变的患者数在胸前导联ST段压低的患者中显著多于无胸前导联ST段压低患者(P<0.05);左室射血分数(LVEF)A组显著低于B组[(51±14)%vs(57±10)%,P<0.05];合并右室心肌梗死A组显著高于B组(P<0.05);心源性休克,心力衰竭,Ⅱ度、Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞,室性心动过速/心室颤动,住院死亡率等两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论心电图Ⅲ、Ⅱ及V4R导联ST段变化能预测急性下壁心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管,急性下壁心肌梗死患者伴胸前导联ST段压低提示LAD病变,RCA闭塞所致下壁心肌梗死LVEF低于LCX闭塞者,但临床并发症两组间差异无统计学意义。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.