复杂瘤颈的近肾腹主动脉瘤腔内修复中烟囱技术的应用

目的探讨瘤颈解剖复杂的近肾腹主动脉瘤(juxtarenal aortic aneurysms,JAA)腔内修复(endovascular aneurysmrepair,EVAR)中应用烟囱技术的价值。方法 2007年1月～2011年10月,对7例瘤颈复杂的JAA采用EVAR治疗。由于瘤颈解剖结构不适于标准的腔内修复方案,术中自肱动脉穿刺预先于可能被覆膜支架主体覆盖的肾动脉置入导丝,置入修复腹主动脉瘤的覆膜支架主体后造影明确肾动脉覆盖情况,于相应肾动脉置入自膨支架或球囊扩张支架,以延长瘤颈长度使之符合EVAR要求,并有效保护肾动脉(即烟囱技术),然后再完成标准EVAR操作。结果 7例手术全部获成功。7例使用9枚肾动脉支架,其中5枚球扩支架,4枚自膨支架。腔内治疗最后的造影显示:腹主动脉瘤(abdominal aortic aneurysm,AAA)瘤腔隔绝良好,肾动脉血流良好。术中1例近端Ⅰ型内漏,近端增加Cuff后内漏消失;1例造影显示少量的Ⅱ型内漏,无须处理。7例随访1～52个月,平均11.6月:1例术后2个月因心功能衰竭死亡;1例Ⅱ型内漏术后3个月随访内漏消失;肾动脉烟囱支架均保持通畅。结论对于不适宜行开腹手术治疗的瘤颈解剖不佳的JAA,烟囱技术是传统EVAR技术的有效补充,远期效果及肾动脉支架长期通畅性尚需要进一步观察。     

Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair in the Octogenarian

The aim of this study was to analyze patient outcomes following endovascular repair of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms (EAR) among patients 80 years of age or older. In this study, reporting standards of the Ad Hoc Committee for Standardized Reporting Practices for Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair of the Society of Vascular Surgery/American Association for Vascular Surgery (SVS/AAVS) were followed. Between August 8, 1996 and February 12, 2001 EAR was performed in 31 patients (29 male and 2 female) with an average age of 83 ± 3 years and an average maximum aneurysm diameter of 59 ± 7 mm. Overall technical success was 90% (28/31) with a single acute conversion and a 6% (2/32) incidence of major morbidity. There were no in-hospital deaths, but two patients (6%) died within 30 days of intervention. Four endoleaks, two type I and two type II, were observed within the first 30 days after endograft implantation and three new type II endoleaks were noted after implant periods that exceeded 1 month. Average follow-up was 16 months, with a single aneurysm-related death that occurred after late conversion to open repair, 2 years following initial endovascular treatment. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed 3-, 12-, and 24-month estimated survivals of 93% (±5), 75% (±8), and 68% (±10), respectively. Clinical success rates were 90% (±5), 90% (±5), and 72% (±17) at 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively. We conclude that, in the octogenarian with mild to moderate medical comorbidities, endovascular aneurysm repair provides an alternative to open AAA repair with low operative morbidity and good clinical success rates. Elevated SVS/AAVS medical comorbidity scores were not associated with increased operative mortality rates, but they did show a trend toward decreased mid-term survival. Careful consideration of life expectancy and the probability of rupture, as with traditional AAA repair, should dictate necessity for intervention.     

Endovascular Stent Graft Repair of a Persistent Sciatic Artery Aneurysm

An 88-year-old female presented with a large, painful, pulsatile buttock mass. Computed tomographic angiogram with three-dimensional reconstruction and lower extremity arteriogram revealed a 5 cm sciatic artery aneurysm. We report a case of successful repair of a sciatic artery aneurysm with endovascular stent graft.Presented at the annual meeting of the Kansas Chapter of the American College of Surgeons, Wichita, KS, September 10, 2000.     

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation as a Complication of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair

A retrospective review was done of all patients undergoing surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) on whom coagulation studies were obtained. Those patients with laboratory documented disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) were selected and their clinical records reviewed. This included 7 patients studied in the periods 1964-1965 and January 1971-July 1973. Of these 7 cases, 4 occurred in patients undergoing emergency operation for ruptured aneurysm and 3 were in elective cases. All 7 patients exhibited clinical evidence of abnormal bleeding, while 6 of the 7 progressed rapidly to renal shutdown. The seventh patient recovered spontaneously. Of the 6 patients with full blown clinical and laboratory evidence of DIC, 2 recovered. Both cases received heparin therapy and multiple hemodialyses. A third patient was started on heparin but died at 36 hours in heart failure. All 3 patients receiving heparin showed clinical cessation of abnormal bleeding and disappearance of soluble fibrin monomer complexes within 24 hours of starting therapy. The study suggests a higher incidence of DIC than has previously been appreciated in both the emergency and elective repair of AAA. The prompt recognition and treatment of this complication may reverse the abnormal intravascular clotting, minimize its more serious results and avoid futile and dangerous operative intervention.     

Impending Aneurysm Rupture after Endovascular Repair of Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Abstract   An 81-year-old male presented with lower abdominal pain radiating to back associated with diaphoresis. He received endovascular repair of an infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm 21 months ago. Triple phase abdominal CT showed impending aneurysm rupture secondary to endoleak. After re-stenting and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, he had an uneventful recovery later.