莫匹罗星对烧伤创面金黄色葡萄球菌感染的治疗

应用２％莫匹罗星软膏（实验组）及磺胺嘧啶银（对照组）治疗４１例平均面积２．１％±１．１２％的金黄色葡萄球菌感染创面，结果表明：试验组总有效率为８８．９％，创面细菌清除率为９６．３％，金葡菌清除率高达８８．８％；而ＳＤ－Ａｇ对照组依次分别为４５％、７０％及４０％。从烧伤创面分离的金葡菌对多种抗生药物的敏感试验表明，对莫匹罗星敏感率为９２．６８％，仅低于万古霉素而高于头孢噻吩、亚胺硫霉素、环丙氟哌酸等，差异有显著意义。莫匹罗星对金葡菌的ＭＩＣ５０≤０．２５ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＭＩＣ９０≤４ｍｇ／Ｌ，（ＭＩＣ范围０．２５～２５６ｍｇ／Ｌ）。提示莫匹罗星软膏可作为烧伤创面金葡菌感染的首选药物。     

莫匹罗星对烧伤创面金黄色葡萄球菌感染的治疗

应用２％莫匹罗星软膏（实验组）及磺胺嘧啶银（对照组）治疗４１例平均面积２．１％±１．１２％的金黄色葡萄球菌感染创面，结果表明：试验组总有效率为８８．９％，创面细菌清除率为９６．３％，金葡菌清除率高达８８．８％；而ＳＤ－Ａｇ对照组依次分别为４５％，７０％及４０％。从烧伤创面分离的金葡菌对多种抗生药物的敏感试验表明，对莫匹罗星感率为９２．６８％，仅低于万古霉素而主头孢噻吩，亚胺硫霉素，环内氟哌酸等，差     

大面积烧伤病人消化道净化合并鼻腔莫匹罗星用药降低金葡菌的创面易位率

在严格隔离的烧伤病人中,内源性细菌易位的创面感染仍极为常见。利用消化道选择性净化措施(SDD)可清除胃肠道内可能致病的微生物。这种措施可使革兰阴性细菌的易位率和各种感染并发症的发生率明显降低,然而金葡菌的创面检出率不受影响。由于鼻腔内的金葡菌与创面感染有一定关系,而局部应用莫匹罗     

裸花紫珠片在尖锐湿疣YAG激光术后的应用

目的:观察106例尖锐湿疣患者YAG激光术后,应用裸花紫珠片辅助治疗伤口促进愈合的情况.方法:106例尖锐湿疣患者随即分为两组,实验组55例,对照组51例.在基础YAG激光术后,对照组在激光烧灼创面上用高锰酸钾溶液外洗及莫匹罗星软膏外涂,实验组高锰酸钾溶液外洗,外擦莫匹罗星软膏的基础上,在创面上加用外撒裸花紫珠片粉,同时口服该药.两组患者于治疗后5d,10d,15d复诊,观察激光术后创面愈合情况.结果实验组术后5、10、15d有效率分别为43.63％、78.18％、90.90％,结果:均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:裸花紫珠片可减少创面感染,加速创面愈合,缩短病程,值得在YAG激光术后推广应用.     

莫匹罗星联合10%氯化钠用于浅表脓肿切开引流伤口换药

目的探讨浅表脓肿切开引流伤口最佳的换药方法。方法将66例浅表脓肿切开引流患者采用简单随机数字表法分为观察组36例和对照组30例,常规清创处理后,观察组将浸湿10%氯化钠溶液的1cm2小正方形4层无菌纱布湿敷于创面中心,再沿纱布的周围均匀涂抹莫匹罗星软膏2g,厚约1mm,用16层无菌纱布覆盖,胶布固定。对照组采用单层无菌凡士林纱布覆盖切开引流伤口处,外层覆盖16层纱布,然后胶布固定。结果观察组换药时纱布与创面粘连程度、伤口愈合时间及治疗费用与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论浅表脓肿切开引流伤口换药中使用莫匹罗星软膏联合10%氯化钠溶液湿敷,可提高患者舒适度,缩短伤口愈合时间及减少治疗费用。     

湿润烧伤膏在CO2点阵激光治疗浅表性瘢痕术后创面护理中的效果观察

目的：观察美宝湿润烧伤膏在CO2点阵激光治疗浅表性瘢痕术后创面护理中的应用效果。方法：将40例浅表性瘢痕患者随机分成实验组和对照组,用CO2点阵激光治疗。激光治疗后实验组使用美宝湿润烧伤膏护理创面,对照组使用莫匹罗星软膏护理创面,比较两组患者的疼痛指数、创面愈合时间、温哥华瘢痕量表评分和色素沉着发生率。结果：实验组患者的疼痛指数、创面愈合时间、温哥华瘢痕量表评分和色素沉着发生率四项指标均优于对照组,P〈0．05,差异均有统计学意义。结论：CO2点阵激光治疗浅表性瘢痕后使用美宝湿润烧伤膏护理创面可减轻创面疼痛,促进创面愈合,加强瘢痕治疗效果,减少色素沉着的发生。     

湿润烧伤膏在CO2点阵激光治疗浅表性瘢痕术后创面护理中的效果

目的 分析湿润烧伤膏在CO2点阵激光治疗浅表性瘢痕术后创面护理中的效果。方法 选择2020 年3月-2021年11月本院收治的60例接受CO2点阵激光治疗的浅表性瘢痕患者,按照随机数字表法分为对照 组和观察组,各30例。对照组予以莫匹罗星软膏对创面进行护理,观察组予以湿润烧伤膏对创面进行护 理,比较两组疼痛情况、创面愈合天数、瘢痕程度及色素沉着发生率。结果 观察组NRS评分高于对照组 （P＜0.05）;观察组创面愈合天数短于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组护理厚度、色泽、柔软度、血管分布 评分低于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组色素沉着发生率为3.33%,低于对照组的20.00%（P＜0.05）。结论 CO2点阵激光治疗浅表性瘢痕术后创面护理中应用湿润烧伤膏有助于减轻患者疼痛,缩短创面愈合天数, 瘢痕治疗效果明显,且可降低色素沉着发生几率。     

纳米银敷料用于深Ⅱ°烧伤创面铜绿假单胞菌感染的疗效观察

目的:观察纳米银敷料用于深Ⅱ°烧伤创面铜绿假单胞菌感染的疗效.方法:选择深Ⅱ°烧伤创面合并铜绿假单胞菌感染的患者33例,随机分为纳米银敷料组(实验组)18例及磺胺嘧啶银软膏组(对照组)15例,创面换药每日一次,于用药后第7天及第10天行创面细菌培养,观察创面愈合时间.结果:实验组于用药后第7天及第10天创面细菌培养阳性率分别为22.2%(4例)和5.5%(1例),创面平均愈合时间为15.6±2.4天;对照组于用药后第7天及第10天细菌培养阳性率分别为46.7%(7例)和13.3%(2例),创面平均愈合时间为19.6±3.4天.结论:纳米银敷料可有效治疗合并有铜绿假单胞菌感染的深Ⅱ°烧伤创面,并缩短创面愈合时间.     

2%莫匹罗星软膏（百多邦）治疗原发和继发性皮肤感染的疗效和安全性——一...

一项多中心开放试验研究了２％莫匹罗星软膏对１３９１例皮肤感染患者的疗效和安全性。从可伯１３０４例中治愈９６１例，显著改善２９３例，总有效率９６．２％，部分患者的菌检表明，其主要感染菌株为葡萄球菌和链球菌。     

点阵激光联合外用激素治疗神经性皮炎、慢性湿疹的临床研究

目的:观察点阵激光联合外用激素治疗慢性湿疹、神经性皮炎的临床疗效。方法:将80例慢性湿疹、神经性皮炎患者随机分成2组,治疗组40例,给予点阵激光治疗,1次/周,外用丙酸氟替卡松乳膏(克廷肤)及莫匹罗星软膏(百多邦)每日2次,疗程3周,1、2、3周观察疗效;对照组40例,外用丙酸氟替卡松乳膏(克廷肤)及莫匹罗星软膏(百多邦)每日2次,口服氯雷他定片(开瑞坦)每日10mg,方法、疗程同治疗组。结果:治疗组中痊愈35,有效38,痊愈率87.5%,有效率97.5%;对照组总的痊愈15,有效31,痊愈率37.5%,有效率82.5%。两种方法治疗神经性皮炎3周后的有效率及治愈率差异均有显著性意义(χ2=5.17,P<0.05及χ2=21.33,P<0.01),有统计学意义。结论:点阵激光联合外用激素治疗慢性湿疹、神经性皮炎有明显疗效。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.