尿肝型脂肪酸结合蛋白对急性失代偿性心力衰竭患者发生急性肾损伤的预测

目的 探讨尿液中肝型脂肪酸结合蛋白(uL FABP)在急性失代偿性心力衰竭（ADHF）患者发生急性肾损伤（AKI）早期预测中的价值。方法 入选ADHF患者57例,根据是否发生AKI分为两组。分别在入院时、入院12、24、48小时测血清肌酐(SCr)、uL FABP。根据受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线得到12、24、48小时uL FABP诊断AKI的诊断截断值、灵敏度、特异度及ROC曲线下面积(AUC)。结果 AKI组uL FABP水平明显高于非AKI组（P<0.01）,并且早于SCr的升高。ROC曲线分析表明,uL FABP入院12小时截断点为63.28 μg/g·Cr时AUC为0.785,敏感度和特异度分别83%和84%,并且随着时间的延长逐渐升高;24小时截断点为86.12 μg/g·Cr时AUC为0.876,敏感度85%,特异度88%;48小时截断点为105.30 μg/g·Cr时AUC为0.911,敏感度94%,特异度89%。结论 uL FABP可作为早期预测ADHF患者AKI的发病有效标志物,较传统指标SCr能更早预测AKI的发生。     

机械通气辅助治疗对老年急性左心衰竭并发急性呼吸衰竭患者心功能的影响

目的探讨老年急性左心衰竭并发急性呼吸衰竭患者应用机械通气辅助治疗的效果及其对血气分析及心功能的影响。方法选取老年急性左心衰竭并发急性呼吸衰竭患者82例,按随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组。对照组患者给予常规治疗,观察组患者在对照组的基础上给予机械通气辅助治疗。比较2组患者的应用效果、血气分析指标以及心功能指标。结果观察组总有效率、p(O_2)、pH值及左心室射血分数显著优于对照组,p(CO_2)、N末端脑钠肽前体显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论在老年急性左心衰竭并发急性呼吸衰竭患者的治疗过程中,机械通气辅助治疗的效果较好,其能够有效提高患者相关血气分析指标,改善患者心功能。     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者血清铁水平降低与院内急性心力衰竭的相关性

目的观察急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者入院时血清铁(SF)水平与急性心力衰竭(AHF)发生率的相关性。方法对203例首次住院的急性STEMI患者资料进行回顾性分析,按住院期间是否发生AHF将患者分为AHF组和无AHF(NAHF)组,比较两组SF降低(8.95μmol/L)的百分率;按SF水平的四分位数分为Q1(6.1μmol/L)、Q2(6.1~9.2μmol/L)、Q3(9.3~12.8μmol/L)和Q4(12.8μmol/L)组,比较不同SF水平组的院内AHF发生率;分析SF水平与Hb、B型钠尿肽(BNP)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平和左室射血分数(LVEF)等参数的相关性。结果 AHF组SF降低的发生率比NAHF组高(55.6%vs 33.8%,P0.05);Q1~Q4组院内AHF的发病率分别是78.4%、76.0%、56.9%和54.9%(P0.05);在SF较低的组,前壁心肌梗死的发生率较高(P0.05),CRP水平较高(P0.05),LVEF较低(P0.05)。相关分析表明SF水平与CRP呈负相关(r=-0.571,P0.05),与LVEF呈正相关(r=0.267,P0.05),与BNP和住院天数呈负相关(r=-0.286、-0.233,P0.05)。结论急性STEMI患者入院SF水平越低,院内心力衰竭发病率越高。     

Early worsening heart failure in patients admitted with acute heart failure – a new outcome measure associated with long‐term prognosis?

A major limitation in acute heart failure (AHF) research has been the lack of an outcome measure paralleling re-infarction in acute coronary syndromes. The aim of the present study was to assess the time course, prognostic factors and outcome of early worsening heart failure (WHF) in patients admitted for AHF to a community hospital. All AHF admissions between December 2003 and March 2004 in a regional medical center were recorded. Patients were followed through admission and for 6 months after discharge. Early WHF was defined as WHF occurring during the initial 7 days from admission. Study endpoints were cardiovascular mortality and WHF (defined as worsening or persistent signs or symptoms of AHF requiring rescue therapy or hospital readmission). Early WHF rate was 29% and was associated with markers of AHF severity on presentation (higher troponin I, lower oxygen saturation, need for mechanical ventilation, intravascular diuretics and inotropes). Early WHF was a powerful predictor of death during 6 months of follow up, with an age-adjusted hazard ratio of 3.3 (95% confidence interval 1.7–6.3). Early WHF is a common adverse event in patients admitted with AHF, and is associated with AHF severity and excessive 6-month mortality. WHF should be considered as a clinically important endpoint in AHF studies.     

急性心肌梗死后无症状性心力衰竭的护理干预

简要叙述急性心肌梗死后无症状性心力衰竭的发生、预防及护理,主要阐述了护理干预的重点是加强循环监测及呼吸道管理,控制危险因素,预防或延缓心力衰竭的发生。     

早期机械通气治疗急性左心衰竭的临床研究

目的:探讨机械通气在急性左心衰竭治疗中的应用时机选择。方法:将32例采用早期机械通气的急性左心衰患者作为治疗组,28例未采用早期机械通气的患者作为对照组,观察两组患者机械通气后0.5h、1h、3h的呼吸频率(RR)、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)等变化情况,及患者住院病死率。结果:两组患者机械通气后0.5、1、3h的RR、PaO2、HR、MAP较通气前有明显改善(P<0.05);治疗组中30例缓解,2例死亡,对照组中20例缓解,8例死亡,两组住院病死率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在救治急性左心衰患者时尽早应用机械通气能有效改善低氧血症、提高抢救成功率。     

Treatment of acute heart failure in the emergency department

Millions of patients are hospitalized for acute heart failure (AHF) every year throughout the world. Despite tremendous advances in cardiovascular care, morbidity and mortality for AHF remain high, consuming billions of health care dollars. With the aging of the population, the incidence and prevalence of HF is projected to increase. Yet, initial treatment of AHF today is similar to 40 years ago. Multiple studies have yielded new insights regarding initial management, with regards to both treatment and strategies of care. These advances will be reviewed in the context of initial or early AHF management. There remains, however, an unmet need to improve outcomes for AHF patients.     

急性左心衰48例院前急救临床分析

目的:探讨急性左心衰院前急救方法及临床效果。方法:对急性左心衰患者现场给予吸氧、镇静、强心、扩管、利尿等抢救处理后的临床资料进行总结分析。结果:经院前急救及合理转运,治疗有效率83.3%,最终95.8%患者安全转运至医院。结论:证明院前急救能较早改善急性左心衰患者的功能,阻止病情恶化,并安全转运至医院。     

米力农治疗急性心肌梗死后心力衰竭临床疗效观察

目的观察米力农治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)后心力衰竭患者的临床疗效及安全性。方法选择住院治疗的AMI后出现心力衰竭患者103例,心功能KillipⅢ~Ⅳ级,随机分为对照组51例与治疗组52例。对照组予以常规控制心力衰竭治疗;治疗组在此基础上加用米力农,给予米力农负荷量50μg/kg,10 min缓慢静注,以后0.5μg/(kg.min)静脉持续泵入,5 d为1个疗程。治疗前后评估患者心功能指标变化。结果治疗后2组患者脑钠肽(BNP)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、心排血量(CO)、心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)等指标较治疗前均有明显改善(P<0.05或P<0.01),而治疗组治疗后BNP、LVEF、CO、HR水平明显优于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01),治疗后2组SBP、DBP比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗过程中未见明显不良反应。结论短期、小剂量持续应用米力农治疗AMI后心力衰竭安全有效。     

早期BiPAP无创通气治疗高龄急性左心衰竭的临床观察

目的:探讨BiPAP无创通气在治疗高龄急性左心衰竭中的应用效果。方法:对62例急性左心衰竭的高龄患者分为干预组和对照组,两组均给予吸氧、强心、利尿、扩血管等常规治疗,但干预组联合应用BiPAP无创通气治疗。分别测定治疗前及治疗后1h动脉血SaO2、PaO2、PaCO2,观察HR、RR、MAP及临床疗效,并进行比较。结果:干预组治疗后HR、MAP、RR、SaO2、PaO2各指标较治疗前及对照组明显改善(P<0.01);两组治疗后PaCO2均下降,但比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预组插管率、住院天数较对照组显著减少,总体临床有效率明显增高(P<0.05)。结论:早期使用BiPAP无创通气辅助治疗,对抢救高龄急性左心衰竭患者有一定的临床价值。     

老年急性心力衰竭患者分期精细化容量管理效果的研究

目的 :评价老年急性心力衰竭患者分期精细化容量管理护理效果。方法 :于2019年1月至2020年12月选取江苏省某三级甲等医院心内科127例老年急性心力衰竭住院患者为研究对象,按照入院时间分为对照组64例和实验组63例。对照组接受常规护理干预,实验组在急救期、缓解期和稳定期3个阶段实施精细化容量管理。比较两组患者入院时和入院10天的减容量、减容目标达标率、左心室射血分数改善值、B型利钠肽前体(NTproBNP)和住院期间急性心力衰竭再发率。结果:实验组患者治疗10天的减容量和减容目标达标率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),左心射血分数改善值高于对照组(P<0.05);实验组患者治疗10天的NT-proBNP值和住院期间的急性心力衰竭再发率均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 :实施分期精细化容量管理有助于提高老年急性心力衰竭患者心功能和改善预后。     

N氨基末端脑钠肽前体水平对急性心力衰竭患者近期预后评估的临床研究

目的探讨床旁检测N氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)在急性心力衰竭患者预后评估中的临床价值。方法选取因急性心力衰竭住院的患者162例,正常对照30例。床旁检测患者入院时NT-proBNP和肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)水平,入院后72 h内进行心脏超声检测左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)。心力衰竭组治疗7 d后复查NT-proB-NP。对所有患者随访30 d,观察两组随访期内主要心血管事件(全因死亡、恶性心律失常、心力衰竭加重或再入院)发生情况。结果 NT-proBNP水平可用于急性心力衰竭的预后评估,NT-proBNP水平升高者其心血管事件发生率高,NT-proBNP联合cTnI检测能提高对心血管事件的预测价值治疗后NT-proBNP下降<30%者,其主要心血管事件发生率升高。结论 NT-proBNP水平同急性心力衰竭患者病情严重性相关,对判定疗效及评估预后有重要价值。     

无创机械通气治疗老年急性左心衰并呼吸衰竭的效果研究

目的探讨应用无创机械通气治疗老年急性左心衰并呼吸衰竭的效果。方法选取急性左心衰肺水肿并呼吸衰竭患者92例,采用随机数表法分为2组。对照组患者行常规治疗,观察组患者在常规治疗的基础上给予无创机械通气治疗。比较2组患者治疗后临床症状改善、动脉血气分压、RR、p H以及临床效果。结果治疗后,观察组患者临床症状改善情况、p(O_2)、p(CO_2)、RR、p H、总有效率显著优于对照组(P0.05)。结论对急性左心衰肺水肿并呼吸衰竭患者给予无创机械通气治疗,能够有效改善患者的心功能。     

预见性护理在急性左心衰患者急诊护理中的效果分析

目的 探究在急性左心衰患者急诊护理中应用预见性护理的临床效果.方法 选取2021年5月至2022年6月期间本院确诊的急性左心衰患者60例作为研究对象.按照随机分配原则将患者分为对照组和观察组,每组各30例.对照组采用常规护理,观察组采用预见性护理.分析比较两组的生命体征指标、生存指标以及护理满意度.结果 观察组的舒张压、收缩压、心率和射血分数均显著优于对照组(P＜0.05).观察组的SF-36量表评分显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).观察组的护理满意度显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 对急性左心衰患者实施预见性护理,能够改善患者的生命体征指标,提高患者的生存质量和护理满意度.     

Factors associated with improvement in guideline-based use of ICDs in eligible heart failure patients

Background: IMPROVE HF, a 24‐month performance improvement initiative for outpatient cardiology and multispecialty practices, demonstrated significant improvement in guideline‐based use of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs) for patients with heart failure (HF). We investigated patient, physician, and practice factors associated with improvements in ICD use. Methods: Patients with HF or postmyocardial infarction (MI) left ventricular systolic dysfunction who met eligibility criteria for ICDs at baseline and 24 months were analyzed. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify patient, physician, and practice characteristics associated with greater improvement in ICD therapy rates from baseline to 24 months. Results: There were 4,058 patients eligible for ICD therapy at baseline and 24 months, with 2,600 (64.1%) treated at baseline and 3,361 (82.8%) treated at 24 months (+18.7%, P < 0.001). Practice heterogeneity in ICD use was significantly decreased after implementation of the performance improvement initiative. Characteristics independently associated with improvement in use of ICD therapy included race, history of MI, presence of edema, QRS duration, months since last measured left ventricular ejection fraction, and number of physicians in the practice. Improvement in ICD use was independent of other patient, physician, and practice characteristics, including age and sex. Conclusions: The IMPROVE HF performance improvement initiative was associated with substantially improved adherence to guideline‐recommended ICD therapy. Certain patient and practice characteristics, including race, history of MI, edema, QRS duration, and number of physicians in the practice, were independently associated with improvement in ICD use. These findings highlight the need for ongoing quality improvement monitoring and performance improvement activities. (PACE 2012; 35:135–145)     

利尿剂降阶梯治疗中节点选择对急性左心衰竭患者的影响

目的探讨利尿剂降阶梯治疗中节点选择对急性左心衰竭患者的影响。方法将我院收治的60例急性左心衰竭患者采用数字法随机分组模式分为A组与B组,各30例。所有患者均给予常规综合治疗与利尿剂降阶梯治疗,A组以血清D-D水平高于正常值(>75μg/L)为节点;B组以氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)较治疗前降低30%为节点。比较两组的治疗效果。结果B组的PaO2、PaCO2水平及PaO2/FiO2均明显优于A组(P<0.05)。B组肺水肿缓解率高于A组(P<0.05)。B组的不良反应总发生率低于A组(P<0.05)。结论采用利尿剂降阶梯治疗急性左心衰竭患者时以NT-proBNP降低30%为节点有助于改善其通气状态,提高治疗安全性,值得临床推广。     

N氨基末端脑钠肽前体联合APACHE Ⅱ评分对急性心力衰竭患者近期预后评估的意义

目的：应用N氨基末端脑钠肽前体和APACHEⅡ评分评估急性心力衰竭患者近期预后。方法：选取因急性心力衰竭入院的患者51例,分为存活组（24例）、死亡组（27例）,于治疗前及治疗后7d（死亡患者截止死亡前）进行APACHEⅡ评分、N氨基末端脑钠肽水平测定、床旁心脏超声检测左心室射血分数（LVEF）。观察两组患者治疗前后APACHEⅡ评分、N末端脑钠肽及左心室射血分数（LVEF）指标的变化情况。结果：两组治疗前N氨基末端脑钠肽不存在明显差异（P〉0.05）的情况下,但APACHEⅡ评分存在差异（P〈0.01）,可以预测病死率。治疗过程中死亡率与N氨基末端脑钠肽的下降率（下降30%为界限）以及APACHEⅡ评分相关。结论：APACHEⅡ评分联合N氨基末端脑钠肽指标与急性心力衰竭危重程度相关,可以在治疗前和治疗中判断急性心力衰竭患者病死率及预后。     

重组人B型钠尿肽联合替罗非班治疗急性心肌梗死并心力衰竭

目的观察重组人B型钠尿肽(新活素)联合替罗非班治疗急性心肌梗死合并心力衰竭临床疗效。方法将纳入研究的急性心肌梗死合并心力衰竭患者随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组64例在常规西医治疗的基础上给予新活素联合替罗非班治疗,而对照组给予常规西医治疗和尿激酶。治疗48h后观察两组患者的临床疗效、心功能指标改善情况以及安全性指标。结果观察组总有效率为98.39%,明显高于对照组的82.86%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组患者心功能指标均有所改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗后观察组心功能指标明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组均未发生严重不良反应。结论新活素联合替罗非班治疗急性心肌梗死合并心力衰竭临床疗效确切,优于传统的尿激酶治疗,值得临床推广。     

红细胞体积分布宽度对急性冠状动脉综合征患者心力衰竭的诊断价值

目的评估红细胞体积分布宽度(RDW)对急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者心力衰竭的临床应用价值。方法连续纳入380例因ACS入院的患者,按照左室射血分数(LVEF)进行分类,分析其临床基线数据特征。利用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析研究RDW对ACS患者是否存在心力衰竭的诊断价值。结果不同LVEF的各组ACS患者,其年龄、血肌酐、白细胞和RDW均存在统计学差异(P<0.01)。ROC曲线分析可知,RDW对ACS患者心力衰竭的诊断准确性可达0.653(P<0.001),以13.2%作为临界点,其诊断灵敏度为61.0%,特异度为61.4%。结论作为一个检测便捷的指标,RDW对ACS患者出现的心力衰竭有一定的诊断价值。     

Predictors of acute kidney injury in patients with acute decompensated heart failure in emergency departments in China

ObjectiveThis retrospective multicentre observational study was performed to assess the predictors of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) in emergency departments in China.MethodsIn total, 1743 consecutive patients with ADHF were recruited from August 2017 to January 2018. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared between patients with and without AKI. Predictors of AKI occurrence and underdiagnosis were assessed in multivariate regression analyses.ResultsOf the 1743 patients, 593 (34.0%) had AKI. AKI was partly associated with short-term all-cause mortality and cost. Cardiovascular comorbidities such as coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension remained significant predictors of AKI in the univariate analysis. AKI was significantly more likely to occur in patients with a lower arterial pH, lower albumin concentration, higher creatinine concentration, and higher N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentration. Patients treated with inotropic agents were significantly more likely to develop AKI during their hospital stay.ConclusionThis study suggests that cardiovascular comorbidities, arterial pH, the albumin concentration, the creatinine concentration, the NT-proBNP concentration, and use of inotropic agents are predictors of AKI in patients with ADHF.