透明质酸及其受体CD44在麻风患者愈后表皮中的表达

目的研究透明质酸及其受体CD44在麻风患者皮损愈后者表皮的表达是否发生改变。方法用免疫组化方法比较透明质酸及其受体CD44在不同类型麻风患者愈后及正常表皮中的表达。结果与正常表皮比较,透明质酸在LL、BL及BT型麻风患者皮损愈后表皮的表达明显增强;而在TT型表皮的表达没有明显的改变;在BB型基底层的表达也轻微减弱。CD44在BB,BT及TT类型麻风患者愈后表皮的表达均增强,尤其是TT型。而在LL型的表达则轻微减弱。CD44在BL型的表达没有明显改变。结论麻风患者愈后表皮透明质酸及CD44的表达均有改变。     

局部外用砷制剂对鼠角质层致密性的影响

目的：研究砷是否引起皮肤角质层功能的改变,为探索砷治疗皮肤病提供实验依据。方法：6-8周龄的裸鼠背部和躯干两侧分别外涂基质、0．5mmol／L和1．5mmol／L三氧化二砷。每日2次,每次60此,共2周。用Courage—Khazaka多功能皮肤生理仪测量皮肤表面的基础黑素（melanin）含量、角质层含水量、皮肤表面皮脂含量、皮肤通透屏障功能及角质层的酸碱度。此外,对皮肤屏障功能的恢复速度、角质层的致密性也进行测量。结果：在此动物模型中．0．5mmol／L和1．5mmol／L的三氧化二砷均导致角质层pH值升高和角质层的致密性降低;1．5mmol／L的三氧化二砷增加皮肤的黑素含量。与对照组相比,0．5mmol／L和1．5mmol／L的三氧化二砷对角质层含水量、基础皮肤通透屏障功能以及屏障功能的恢复速度均无明显的影响。虽然两种浓度的砷均引起皮肤表面皮脂含量的轻微增加,但与对照组相比．差异无统计学意义。结论：砷可以引起角质层生理功能的改变．可以导致皮肤对砷通透性增加。在预防或治疗皮肤砷中毒时．增强角质层的防御功能是不可忽视的环节。     

皮肤表面酸碱度稳态动力学的研究

目的:探索皮肤保持其表面pH稳定状态的动力学.方法:利用丙酮和胶带急性破坏表皮通透屏障功能、中波紫外线(UVB)照射及局部外用碱性物质的方法提高皮肤表而pH值.然后,在不同的时间观察皮肤表而pH的改变,依此判断皮肤表面pH保持稳定状态的动力学.结果:在丙酮事模型中,表皮通透屏障功能破坏48 h后,皮肤表面的pH恢复正常;而在胶带模型中,表皮通透屏障功能破坏48 h后,皮肤表面的pH值仍明显地高于基础值(P<0.01);在紫外线模型中,UVB照射6 d后,皮肤表面的pH才恢复正常;局部外用碱性物质6 h后,皮肤表面pH恢复正常.结论:皮肤维持其表面pH稳定状态的动力学因诱导pH紊乱的因素不同而不同.     

正常人皮肤表面酸碱度的研究

皮肤是人类机体的重要组成部分．皮肤表面的酸碱度不仅是皮肤的生理指标．同时也反映了整个机体的状态。迄今为止,关于正常人皮肤表面pH值的报道不尽相同。据报道,婴儿出生时,皮肤表而的pH较高。数天后则逐渐降低。Wilhelm等曾对29例成人皮肤表面的pH进行了研究,结果发现,皮肤表而的pH囚皮肤解剖部位的不同而不同：老年人的前额和踝部皮肤表而的pH值高于年轻者。Zlotogorski的研究也证实了Wilhelm等的结果．但是也有报道,皮肤表面的pH因性别的差异而不同。这种差异性有多种因素,可能与研究组别的大小和分组的条件等有关。关于我国正常人皮肤表面pH的研究报道较少,笔者根据人体生长发育期的生理特点进行年龄分组;根据皮肤的生理特点进行部位分组。对我国正常人不同年龄、不同性别和不同部位的皮肤pH进行检测,为临床工作提供参考。[第一段]     

表皮通透的屏障功能及其调节

保护机体、防止过多的水分丢失是皮肤的主要功能之一,角质层角质形成细胞及其细胞间脂类的组分对此功能起决定作用。角质形成细胞间的复层板层膜是皮肤屏障功能的主要结构。表皮通透的屏障功能影响皮肤的水分丢失量,且对表皮及真皮的生物活性(如角质形成细胞的增生、皮肤的炎症等)均有调节作用。诸多因素如脂类、性别、年龄、酸碱度、离子及精神等均可以作用于表皮通透的屏障功能。因此,深入地了解表皮通透的屏障功能及其影响因素有助于皮肤病的防治。     

特应性皮炎患者皮肤的水通透屏障功能改变及其临床意义

皮肤的生理指标包括皮肤的水通透屏障功能、角质层的水分含量以及皮肤表面的pH值等,这些生理指标反映了机体和皮肤局部的生理状态。除角质层的水分含量降低以及皮肤表面的pH值升高外,特应性皮炎（AD）患者皮肤屏障功能明显降低。这一变化是AD表皮病变所致,其可影响表皮和真皮的功能。皮肤生理的改变程度与病情有关,通过改善皮肤屏障功能可以缓解AD病情。因此．正确地了解AD患者皮肤屏障功能的改变对于病情的判断和疾病的防治有一定的临床指导意义。     

老年人皮肤生物物理特性的改变及其意义

随着机体的衰老,各器官(包括皮肤)的生物功能发生变化。在皮肤,这些生物功能的改变通常体现在皮肤生物物理特性的变化。与年轻者相比,老年皮肤的共振传导速度加快、pH升高、弹性降低、皮脂减少、角质层含水量减少以及表皮通透屏障功能降低等。测量老年皮肤生物物理特性的变化不仅有利于了解其皮肤的生物功能,也有助于对某些皮肤治疗和保健品的研发及疗效的评估。     

表皮通透屏障功能与表皮CD44表达关系的研究

目的:研究表皮通透屏障功能破坏后表皮CD44的表达.方法:外用胶带破坏裸鼠躯干部表皮通透屏障功能,分别于30min、1 h、3 h、6 h、24 h和48 h后取皮肤标本,用免疫组化的方法观察CD44在表皮的表达.结果:在表皮通透屏障功能破坏后30 min,表皮CD44的表达明显上调;1 h和3 h后,恢复至正常水平;6 h后,表皮CD44的表达又明显增强,并持续到48 h;人为地纠正屏障功能(封包)对表皮CD44的表达没有明显影响.结论:表皮通透屏障功能破坏后,表皮CD44的表达增强,其表达的改变与屏障功能本身无显著相关性.     

麻风患者白内障术后视力恢复障碍原因探讨

白内障是一般人群中致盲的首要原因 ,亦是麻风患者致盲的重要因素之一。白内障摘除手术可使绝大多数患者恢复较为理想的视力 ,亦可使多数麻风并发白内障的患者视力明显改善。本文对术后矫正视力仍低于或等于 0 .3者进行分析 ,探讨其影响术后视力恢复的因素。临床资料　一般情况 :共手术 2 6例 ,2 9只眼 ,术后矫正视力等于或低于 0 .3者15眼 ,其中男 10例 ,女 5例 ,平均年龄 6 2 .3岁 ,术后随访 3～ 5 8个月 ,采用囊内摘出术者 2例。囊外摘出术者 3例 ,现代囊外摘出 +后房人工晶体植入术者 10例。术后低视力分布情况见表 1。讨论　据国内外文…     

冬季皮肤护理-温和滋养洁肤剂的功效

1皮肤护理概论皮肤是人体的重要器官,在防止机体水分流失、外界污染及刺激物入侵、保持外表美观方面起到至关重要的作用。皮肤的保护功能主要依赖于最外层"角质层",角质层具有独特的砖墙结构,能很好的防止水分向外挥发及外界微生物和化学刺激物入侵[1]。角质层中蛋白     

Functional analysis of the stratum corneum of scalp skin: studies in patients with alopecia areata and androgenetic alopecia

Abstract Because of the presence of thick long hairs on the scalp, little information is available concerning the functional characteristics of the stratum corneum (SC) of scalp skin. We therefore conducted a functional study of the SC of lesional scalp skin of patients with alopecia areata and of patients with androgenetic alopecia. We compared the scalp with the cheek and the flexor surface of the forearm (volar forearm). The water barrier function of the scalp SC of both patient groups, in terms of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), was almost comparable to that of the volar forearm, and was far better than that of facial skin. However, hydration of the scalp skin surface, as evaluated by measurement of high-frequency conductance, was markedly higher than that of facial skin, and showed significantly higher values than the volar forearm. These characteristics seem to be dependent, at least to some extent, on the amount of sebum-derived skin surface lipids because these were abundant on the scalp skin. Moreover, removal of skin surface lipids led to a significant decrease in skin surface hydration. The superficial corneocytes, the size of which reflects the proliferative activity of the epidermis, were substantially smaller on the scalp than on the volar forearm but significantly larger than on the cheek. These findings suggest that the rate of turnover of the scalp epidermis is intermediate between that of the facial and volar forearm epidermis. We conclude that the SC of the scalp skin in humans is functionally distinct from that of the face and extremities. Received: 6 January 2000 / Revised: 11 August 2000 / Accepted: 25 September 2000     

Interactions among stratum corneum defensive functions

With the exception of vitamin D production, virtually all epidermal functions can be considered as protective, or more specifically, as defensive in nature. Yet, the term "barrier function" of the stratum corneum (SC) is often used synonymously with only one such defensive function, although arguably its most important, i.e., permeability barrier homeostasis. Regardless of their hierarchy of relative importance, these critical protective functions largely reside in the SC. In this short review, we explore the ways in which the multiple defensive functions of the SC are linked and interrelated, either by their shared localization or by common biochemical processes.     

Efficacy of stratum corneum lipid supplementation on human skin

Recent studies suggest that supplementing intercellular lipids of the stratum corneum in ageing populations or in people with dry skin can stimulate the functioning of the skin. This work lends support to the reinforcement capacity of two different stratum corneum lipid mixtures (synthetic stratum corneum lipid mixtures, SSCL, and internal wool lipid extracts, IWL) formulated as liposomes on healthy skin of two differently aged groups of individuals. Protection of healthy skin against detergent-induced dermatitis was evaluated. Transepidermal water loss and capacitance were used to evaluate the effect of these formulations in in vivo long-term studies. Increase in water-holding capacity is obtained only when the formulations applied are structured as liposomes. This is slightly more pronounced for aged skin. Subsequent SLS exposure reflected the protection of healthy human skin against detergent-induced dermatitis. Slightly better results were obtained with IWL containing a mixture of natural ceramides than with SSCL with only one ceramide present in the formulation. All these results support the beneficial effects of skin lipid supplementation given their resemblance to the lipids in the stratum corneum both in composition and in the structuring of the formulation.     

Molecular interactions of plant oil components with stratum corneum lipids correlate with clinical measures of skin barrier function

Plant‐derived oils consisting of triglycerides and small amounts of free fatty acids (FFAs) are commonly used in skincare regimens. FFAs are known to disrupt skin barrier function. The objective of this study was to mechanistically study the effects of FFAs, triglycerides and their mixtures on skin barrier function. The effects of oleic acid (OA), glyceryl trioleate (GT) and OA/GT mixtures on skin barrier were assessed in vivo through measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and fluorescein dye penetration before and after a single application. OA's effects on stratum corneum (SC) lipid order in vivo were measured with infrared spectroscopy through application of perdeuterated OA (OA‐d₃₄). Studies of the interaction of OA and GT with skin lipids included imaging the distribution of OA‐d₃₄ and GT ex vivo with IR microspectroscopy and thermodynamic analysis of mixtures in aqueous monolayers. The oil mixtures increased both TEWL and fluorescein penetration 24 h after a single application in an OA dose‐dependent manner, with the highest increase from treatment with pure OA. OA‐d₃₄ penetrated into skin and disordered SC lipids. Furthermore, the ex vivo IR imaging studies showed that OA‐d₃₄ permeated to the dermal/epidermal junction while GT remained in the SC. The monolayer experiments showed preferential interspecies interactions between OA and SC lipids, while the mixing between GT and SC lipids was not thermodynamically preferred. The FFA component of plant oils may disrupt skin barrier function. The affinity between plant oil components and SC lipids likely determines the extent of their penetration and clinically measurable effects on skin barrier functions.     

Effects of site and menstrual cycle on barrier function and stratum corneum water-holding capacity

Background/aims: Areas of the skin with similar anatomical structure may have different functional behaviour. In vivo barrier function and stratum corneum water-holding capacity during the menstrual cycle on two sites of the volar forearm (upper and lower) and on the anterior aspect of the thigh were evaluated using the plastic occlusion stress test (POST).
Methods: 13 healthy women (age 31 ± 4) with regular menses entered the study. POST was performed by applying a plastic chamber (1.8 cm diameter) on the skin for 24 h. After removal the skin surface water loss (SSWL) was measured using an evaporimeter (EP1-Servomed, Sweden) every 5 min for 30 min. Measurements were taken on the 10th and 25th day of the menstrual cycle. Statistical analysis was performed using one-factor A nova for repeated measures. Free and bound water compartments of evaporation were also analysed.
Results: Higher hydration and SSWL were detectable on the 25th day of the cycle. However, no significant influence of menstrual cycle was found. Significant differences between the upper and lower volar foream were detected ( P < 0.001).
Conclusion: The differences observed were mainly related to the evaporation of bound water, confirming a different barrier function at the sites investigated; therefore, it must be taken into account that adjacent skin sites with equal structure may have different functional behaviour.