~(18)F-FDG PET-CT联合血清SCC-Ag对宫颈鳞癌早期复发或转移的诊断价值

目的:探讨18氟代脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)PET-CT联合血清鳞状上皮细胞癌抗原(SCC-Ag)检查对宫颈鳞癌早期复发或转移的诊断价值。方法:顺序入选山西省肿瘤医院46例宫颈鳞癌术后可疑复发的患者,分别行18 F-FDG PET-CT及血清SCC-Ag检查,经2次手术或穿刺者与病理结果对照,未经手术证实者结合随诊(>6个月)或临床诊断。结果:术后可疑复发或转移者46例中,术前淋巴结转移24例,其中,最终证实复发或转移22例,18F-FDG PET-CT发现阳性患者20例;22例术前无淋巴结转移患者中,最终证实复发或转移8例,18F-FDG PET-CT无一例漏诊。术后可疑复发或转移者46例中,围PET-CT检查期(行PET-CT检查前后6个月)检测患者血清SCC-Ag阳性者18例中,最终证实复发或转移17例,其中18 F-FDG PETCT发现阳性者16例;28例血清SCC-Ag正常者中,最终证实复发或转移12例,18 F-FDG PET-CT发现阳性者11例。结论:无论患者血清SCC-Ag是否升高及术前淋巴结是否转移,宫颈鳞癌患者均应行18 F-FDG PET-CT检查,尤其是术前淋巴结转移和血清SCC-Ag升高的患者。     

流式细胞术检测胃癌术中腹腔冲洗液CEA的临床意义

目的探讨检测胃癌患者腹膜微转移的方法。方法收集50例胃癌和9例胃良性病变患者的术中腹腔冲洗液,采用流式细胞学(FCM)方法检测腹腔冲洗液中癌胚抗原(CEA),采用HE染色进行腹腔冲洗液细胞学检查,并结合临床病理资料进行分析。结果胃癌患者腹腔冲洗液中CEA的检出率为46%(23/50),明显高于细胞学检查的检出率(20%,10/50),且阳性率随肿瘤浸润深度、TNM分期、淋巴结转移及浆膜受累程度增加而增加。9例良性病变患者FCM及细胞学检查结果均为阴性。结论流式细胞学方法检测腹腔冲洗液CEA是检测腹腔游离癌细胞和预测腹膜转移的有效方法。     

高场强MRI在胃癌术后复发诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨高场强MRI在胃癌术后复发诊断中的应用价值及临床意义。方法 选择胃癌术后患者43例。其中,胃癌术后复发组33例,均经过消化道钡餐、CT、手术或胃镜活检和病理检查确诊;对照组10例,均经胃镜活检及病理检查证实无复发。MRI检查前使用低张剂,服用水做为阴性对比剂,应用1.5TMR快速扰相梯度回波序列、快速恢复自旋回波序列、扩散加权成像、真稳态进动快速序列等及动态增强扫描检查方法。结果 MRI诊出胃癌术后复发患者30例。对照组残胃壁厚度(4.5±0.3) mm,吻合口胃壁厚度(6.3±1.4) mm;复发组残胃吻合口胃壁增厚>8mm者30例,吻合口邻近胃壁厚度>5 mm者19例,吻合口软组织肿块并邻近胃壁增厚者11例,肝脾胰腺等周围脏器转移者5例,肝胃之间、腹腔、腹膜后淋巴结转移者9例,病灶在动脉期不均匀强化者9例,静脉期及平衡期病灶呈渐进性、延迟强化者30例。结论 MRI较好地显示了残胃壁及吻合口胃壁的厚度,能够准确判断肿瘤浸润深度、是否与周围组织有毗邻关系以及是否有淋巴结和腹腔内脏器转移等,可以用来指导临床手术方案的选择或综合治疗,对提高胃癌术后生存率具有重要的临床意义。     

胃癌阴性淋巴结微转移检测的临床意义

目的:探讨胃癌淋巴结微转移与临床病理参数的关系及其临床意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学方法,用广谱细胞角蛋白单克隆抗体(AE1/AE3)检测42例常规病理检查无淋巴结转移的307个淋巴结。结果:其中10例(23.8%)胃癌发现有31个(10%)淋巴结存在微转移。微转移与浸润深度有关,浸润程度越深,微转移发生率越高。弥漫型胃癌微转移发生率高于肠型胃癌(P<0.05)。结论:对常规检查淋巴结为阴性的胃癌,行淋巴结微转移检测,可能对精确的临床分期、指导治疗、判断预后有积极临床意义。     

PET/CT显像在探测卵巢癌术后复发、转移中的应用

目的探讨PET／CT在探测和诊断卵巢癌术后复发、转移中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析54例卵巢癌术后患者全身或局部PET／CT显像结果。临床随访时间3～20个月。确诊依据为手术病理检查、多种影像学检查和临床随诊。结果54例中41例有肿瘤复发、转移，13例无肿瘤复发。PET／CT诊断肿瘤复发、转移的灵敏度为90．2％，特异性为84．6％。与PET／CT显像前的CT、B超检查结果比较，9例腹腔及盆腔常规CT和（或）B超检查阴性者，PET／CT显像于腹腔及盆腔发现1处或多处隐匿性恶性肿瘤病灶，31．7％的患者PET／CT显像发现多处病灶且提示肿瘤广泛转移，从而改变临床分期和治疗方案。转移灶的分布以腹腔和盆腔为主，远处转移较少。19例患者糖类抗原（CA）125升高，PET／CT显像阳性率为89．4％。结论PET／CT显像能灵敏、准确地检出卵巢癌术后复发和转移病灶，使分期更准确、更全面。     

青年进展期胃癌发病的阶段性特点

目的：了解和探讨青年进展期胃癌发病的阶段性特点。方法：我们采用回顾性分析,研究了10年胃癌的临床资料,对13例青年进展期胃癌首诊时的一般情况、症状进展特点、检查资料进行分析和总结。结果：青年进展期胃癌13例中,男4例,女9例;69.2%（9/13）为自由职业,精神压力大,生活无规律。首次就诊时进展期胃癌伴发转移占61.5%,按Borrmann分型多为Ⅱ-Ⅲ型,病理分类：细胞恶性程度高、分化程度低。非甾体消炎药可以遮盖胃癌症状,和/或医患对胃癌早期隐匿症状重视不够。结论：青年进展期胃癌细胞恶性程度高、分化程度低,较早发生转移。除了常见的胃癌高危因素,青年人快节奏的生活方式和较大的生活压力导致的免疫功能下降,药物对症状的遮盖和医患对胃癌早期隐匿症状的重视不够,与青年进展期胃癌的发病有一定关系。     

胃癌患者腹腔游离癌细胞检出率的研究

通过胃癌患者腹腔游离癌细胞的定性研究,为术中无瘤技术、常规腹腔冲洗及术后温热灌注化疗提供理论依据。对我院102例胃癌患者行探查前和关腹前各收集100ml腹腔液,迅速送检,作游离癌细胞检查。结果探查前游离癌细胞阳性率为36.3%,关腹前游离癌细胞阳性率为52.9%,游离癌细胞阳性率与肿瘤浸润深度,将膜受侵面积及病理组织类型有关。结论：胃癌患者腹腔内可有游离癌细胞存在,且具有较高活性,尽管采取各种无瘤操作措施,仍难免肿瘤细胞脱落进入腹腔,手术过程中失队长刺激可增加癌细胞的脱落,术中采取无瘤技术和大量生理盐水冲洗腹腔是必要的,更主要的是对游离癌细胞阳性者术后要进行腹腔内温热灌注化疗。     

Ⅳ期胃癌介入化疗效果观察

1995年 8月～ 1999年 5月 ,我们收治Ⅳ期胃癌6 1例 ,行动脉导管介入化疗 31例 ,行联合化疗 30例 ,通过比较分析 ,介入化疗效果较优。1　对象和方法1 1　对象　经胃镜检查和病理确认为Ⅳ期胃癌 6 1例 ,男 4 9例 ,女 12例 ;年龄 34～ 79岁 ,平均 6 0岁。随机分为介入化疗组 31例 ,其中腺癌 2 3例 ,粘液腺癌 6例 ,印戒细胞癌 2例 ;经探查和胃空肠吻合术后16例 ,肝转移 10例 ,腹腔淋巴结转移 5例。联合化疗组 30例 ,其中腺癌 2 5例 ,粘液腺癌 4例 ,印戒细胞癌 1例 ;经探查和胃空肠吻合术后 14例 ,肝转移9例 ,腹腔淋巴结转移 6例 ,肺转移 1例。两…     

胃癌腹腔冲洗液肝素酶和存活素的相关研究

目的探讨检测胃癌腹膜转移的方法。方法收集50例胃癌患者及8例胃良性病变患者的腹腔冲洗液。采用流式细胞术(FCM)检测胃癌患者术中腹腔冲洗液肝素酶(HPA)和存活素(Survivin)的表达情况,并采用薄层液基细胞制片术进行腹腔冲洗液细胞学(PLC)检查。结果 50例胃癌患者腹腔冲洗液中HPA阳性表达为52.0%(26/50);Survivin阳性表达率58.0%(29/50),HPA和Survivin联合检测阳性率为68.0%(34/50),两者阳性率皆高于PLC 22.0%的阳性率(P<0.01);HPA的阳性率与浸润深度、组织分化程度以及TNM分期呈正相关;Survivin的阳性率与肿瘤浸润深度、组织分化程度、淋巴结转移及TNM分期呈正相关。8例良性病变患者腹腔冲洗液中HPA和Survivin无阳性表达。结论 (1)腹腔冲洗液HPA和Survivin的检测可作为判断肿瘤恶性程度和预后的一项指标。(2)FCM方法检测腹腔冲洗液HPA和Survivin可能成为临床预测胃癌腹膜转移的一种方法。     

早期乳腺癌外科保守性手术治疗的疗效观察

目的　探讨早期乳腺癌保守性外科治疗的效果。方法　对临床早期乳腺癌 1 2 5例行乳房象限切除术加腋淋巴结清扫术 ,其中 0期 3例 ,Ⅰ期 89例 ,Ⅱ期 33例 ,全组患者术后乳房放疗 1 0 2例 ,未放疗 2 3例 ,浸润性癌围手术期化疗 7周 ,腋淋巴结阳性术后常规放疗 ,此后 6～ 1 2个月内追加 1 2～ 1 6次化疗。ER阳性服用TAM 2～ 5年。此外 ,选用同期 0～Ⅱ期仿根治术或根治术常规综合治疗 95例作对照观察。结果　 ( 1 )病理检查 :1 2 5个象限切除标本中断端阳性 1 0例( 80 % ) ,均以管内癌形式出现。腋淋巴结平均检出 1 6 8枚 ,阳性率 1 5 2 % ;( 2 )生存情况 :1 2 5例随诊 ,>3年 85例 ,>5年 6 3例 ,全部存活 ,仅 1例术后 2 5年局部复发 ,1例术后 2年骨转移带瘤生存 :随诊 <3年 4 0例 ,1例术后 1年肺转移带瘤生存 ;对照组 95例 ,1例肺转移死亡。结论　早期乳腺癌保守性外科治疗与仿根治术 ,根治术效果相似且能保持乳房良好外形 ,是Ⅰ ,Ⅱ期乳癌理想的治疗方法     

Detection of free cancer cells in peritoneal cavity in patients surgically treated for gastric adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND/AIM: Peritoneal metastasis is a leading cause of therapeutic failure after an operative treatment of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Free cancer cells might induce or indicate an early peritoneal seeding with a subsequent peritoneal metastasis. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of the presence of free cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity in the patients surgically treated for gastric adenocarcinoma, and its relation to certain clinical, operative and pathohistological paramethers. METHODS: Inside a period from April 2000, and April 2004, the total of 100 patients underwent intraoperative peritoneal lavage for cytological examination. Immediately after the laparotomy, 200 ml physiologic saline, heated to 37 degrees C, was introduced into the abdominal cavity, mannualy dispersed and collected from the region around the gastric tumor and the pouch of Douglas. The nucleated cell layer was smeared on four glass slides for every patient and dyed with May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain. The cytological findings were defined as positive or negative according to the presence of cancer cells. The frequency of positive cytological findings was compared to the location and the diameter of the cancer, pathohistological type of carcinoma, pathohistological stage of the disease, lymph node and the liver and/or peritoneal metastases and the type of surgical procedure. RESULTS: Free cancer cells were found in 24 (24%) of the patients, while in 76 (76%) of them cytological findings were negative. A statistically highly significant difference (p < or = 0.001) in the frequency of positive cytological finding was found between the groups of patients with and without cancer invasion of serosa, with cancer diameters > 5 cm and < or = 5 cm, in the stage of disease I, II and III, IV, with macroscopically present and without metastases, with re section and D2 lymphadenectomy and palliative procedure. Free cancer cells were statistically more frequently (p < or = 0.05) detected in the patients with lymph nodes metastases comparing to the patients with out lymph nodes involvement. The results of the univariate analysis showed that the cancer diameter > 5 cm, tumor invasion of serosa, pathohistological stage of the disease III and IV and macroscopically visible metastases were the most important risk factors for the free cancer cells detection. CONCLUSION: Peritoneal lavage cytology was shown to be a useful tool for the detection of the group of patients with greatest risk of peritoneal dissemination. The frequency of positive cytological findings was highly associated with the diameter of the tumor and the cancer invasion of serosa. Cytological examination of peritoneal lavage fluid improved the accuracy of staging and selection of patients who might have benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy.     

胃癌组织中多药耐药相关蛋白基因表达的临床意义

目的　探讨胃癌mrp基因表达与其病理学的关系。方法　应用RT PCR方法 ,对 1 997年 1月— 2 0 0 1年 9月间手术切除的 83例胃癌组织、癌旁及 72枚淋巴结中的mrp基因表达情况进行检测分析。结果　胃癌组织中mrp阳性率( 4 5 8% )及表达水平 ( 0 .5 1± 0 .30 )高于癌旁组织 ( 1 5 7% ,0 .32± 0 .1 5 ;P <0 .0 1 ) ;肿瘤浸润浆膜、低分化癌、TNMⅢ、Ⅳ期和N2 病例的mrp表达水平 ( 0 .4 6± 0 .2 8,0 .4 7± 0 .2 7,0 .4 5± 0 .2 9,0 .4 3± 0 .2 5 ;P <0 .0 5 )高于肿瘤侵犯粘膜层、高中分化癌、TNMⅠ、Ⅱ期和N0 者 ( 0 .35± 0 .1 9,0 .34± 0 .2 0 ,0 .36± 0 .2 1 ,0 .33± 0 .1 8;P <0 .0 5 )。结论　胃癌组织中mrp表达增高 ;mrp表达与胃癌病灶大小无关 ;其表达水平与肿瘤浸润深度、分化程度、TNM分期及淋巴转移有关 ,并且癌组织中mrp的表达与对应淋巴结组织相一致     

Cumulative Radiation Exposure during Follow-Up after Curative Surgery for Gastric Cancer

Objective

To quantify the cumulative effective dose (cED) of radiation due to repeated CT and PET/CT examinations after curative resection of gastric cancer and to assess the lifetime attributable risk (LAR) estimates based on Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation VII models.

Subjects and Methods

Patients who underwent a curative resection for gastric cancer between January 2006 and December 2006 and were followed-up until May 2010 were included in this study. The cED was calculated by using the dose-length product values and conversion factors for quantitative risk assessment of radiation exposure. cED and LAR were compared between early and advanced gastric cancer patients and among American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM stage groups (stage I, II, and III). The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests, followed by a post-hoc analysis with Bonferroni adjustment, were employed as part of the statistical analysis.

Results

The overall median cED was 57.8 mSv (interquartile range [IQR], 43.9-74.7). The cED was significantly higher in the advanced (median, 67.0; IQR, 49.1-102.3) than in the early gastric cancer group (median, 52.3; IQR, 41.5-67.9) (p < 0.001), and increased as the TNM stage increased. For radiation exposure, 62% of all patients received an estimated cED of over 50 mSv, while 11% of patients received over 100 mSv. The median LAR of cancer incidence was 0.28% (IQR, 0.20-0.40) and there were significant differences between the early gastric cancer and advanced gastric cancer group (p < 0.001) as well as among the three TNM stage groups (p = 0.015). The LAR of cancer incidence exceeded 1% in 2.4% of the patients.

Conclusion

The cED increases proportionally along with tumor stage and, even in early gastric cancer or stage I patients, cED is much higher than that found among the general population. Considering the very good prognosis of early gastric cancer after curative surgery, the cED should be considered when designing a postoperative follow-up CT protocol.     

多层螺旋CT与内镜超声检查对胃癌术前TNM分期的比较研究

目的:多层螺旋CT与内镜超声在胃癌术前分期检查中的价值比较研究.材料和方法:对45例活检证实的胃癌患者术前分别行多层螺旋CT和内镜超声检查,并与手术病理对照.结果:多层螺旋CT和内镜超声检查的术前T、N、M和综合TNM分期准确率分别为78%、84%、97.2%、70%和75.0%、75.0%、87.1%、60%,前三者参数间均无统计学差异而综合TNM分期中多层螺旋CT与内镜检查之结果比较有统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论:多层螺旋CT与内镜超声检查两者结合对胃癌患者治疗方案的选择、预后评价有重要的指导意义,但对于中晚期病例多层螺旋C T存在较大的优势.     

胃癌在双对比造影、CT扫描表现与手术切除可行性的对照研究

目的 :分析胃癌在双对比造影、CT扫描表现与手术切除根治的可行性。方法 :回顾性分析 38例经双对比造影检查、CT扫描及手术病理证实的胃癌患者资料 ,根据肿瘤的大小、范围、形态及浆膜面是否光滑 ,有无周围淋巴结肿大、周围器官的侵犯及远处淋巴结转移 ,决定是否能行手术切除进行对照。结果 :双对比造影在胃癌定位、定形、定性方面占优势。CT在胃癌的定期方面优势明显 ,对TNM分期准确性较高 ,指导外科手术是否根治方面其它方法无法替代。结论 :胃肠道双对比造影检查与CT扫描相结合 ,对大部分胃癌患者能在术前作出可否手术根治或不宜手术的可能     

胃癌患者血清可溶性血管粘附蛋白-1检测的临床意义

目的探讨胃癌患者血清可溶性血管粘附蛋白-1（sVAP-1）的临床意义。方法入选胃癌患者108例,年龄37～80（52.6±16.4）岁,其中男性68例,女性40例。正常健康者100例,年龄30～78（51.6±18.4）岁,其中男性68例,女性32例。免疫酶联吸附法（ELISA）检测所有研究对象的血清sVAP-1水平。结果 ELISA结果显示胃癌患者血清sVAP-1水平明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）。胃癌患者中性别、年龄和是否有淋巴管浸润及静脉浸润与sVAP-1的水平无明显关系（P〉0.05）。但是存在淋巴结转移、肝转移、腹腔播散和远处转移的患者血清sVAP-1的水平明显降低（P〈0.05）。不同的TNM分期的患者血清SVAP-1水平存在差异（P〈0.05）。结论低水平的血清s-VAP与胃癌患者的预后有关。     

胃癌浸润转移:螺旋CT与病理、COX-2蛋白及mRNA表达的相关性研究

目的 探讨胃癌螺旋CT浸润转移与病理及环氧合酶（COX）-2蛋白表达间的关系。资料与方法 对57例胃癌行低张力水充盈螺旋CT三期增强扫描,所有病例均行手术切除,术后标本采用免疫组织化学SP法、原位杂交实验检测肿瘤组织中COX-2蛋白、mRNA表达。将螺旋CT结果与病理结果、COX-2表达进行对照。结果 57例胃癌螺旋CT浸润深度的准确性为82．5％（47／57）,淋巴结转移的准确性为78．9％（45／57）,4例胃癌发生远处转移螺旋CT均正确诊断,TNM分期的准确性为80．7％（46／57）。COX-2蛋白及mRNA阳性表达率分别为61．4％（35／57）和73．7％（42／57）。CT对胃癌浸润深度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期与病理一致性良好,与COX-2蛋白及mRNA表达率均密切相关（P〈0．05）。结论 螺旋CT可较准确地反映胃癌浸润转移的病理学及生物学特性,从而可指导手术、化学预防和治疗以及评估预后。     

胃充气状态下上腹部增强CT扫描判断贲门癌的可切除性

目的 探讨胃充气状态下上腹部增强CT扫描对贲门癌可切除性的判断价值。方法 77例贲门癌患者术前行胃充气状态下上腹部增强CT扫描，对贲门癌切除的可能性进行预测，将预测结果与手术结果相对照。结果 预测55例能完成根治性手术切除的病人中，53例行根治性切除，2例行姑息性切除。预测22例不宜手术，结果11例手术探查，10例姑息切除，2例根治性切除。其判断贲门癌不能手术切除的阳性预测值为90．9％，阴性预测值为96．4％。结论 胃充气状态下上腹部增强CT扫描对贲门癌可切除性的估价有重要价值。     

Determining gastric cancer resectability by dynamic MDCT

Purpose

Multi-detector row CT (MDCT) has been widely used to detect primary lesions and to evaluate TNM staging. In this study we evaluated the accuracy of dynamic MDCT in the preoperative determination of the resectability of gastric cancer.

Methods

MDCT was used to image 350 cases of gastric cancer diagnosed by biopsy before surgery. MDCT findings regarding TNM staging and resectability were correlated with surgical and pathological findings.

Results

The accuracy of MDCT for staging gastric cancer was high, especially for tumour stage T1 (94.3%), lymph node stage N2 (87.3%), and for predicting distant metastases (>96.6%). When resectability was considered to be the outcome, the total accuracy of MDCT was 87.4%, sensitivity was 89.7% and specificity was 76.7%. Results showed high sensitivity for identifying peritoneal seeding (90.0%) and for predicting liver metastasis (80.0%).

Conclusion

Dynamic enhanced MDCT is useful for TNM staging of gastric cancers and for predicting tumour respectability preoperatively.