脑益嗪抗运动病时大鼠血浆PG和小脑Na~ K~ ATPase图像分析定量研究

为探讨脑益嗪抗运动病作用机理，采用放射免疫方法和计算机图像分析系统，对运动病组（ＭＳＧ）和脑益嗪药物预防组（ＣＰＧ）大鼠血浆ＴＸＢ２、６ＫｅｔｏＰＧＦ１α和小脑毛细血管内皮细胞Ｎａ＋Ｋ＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ进行定量测量和分析研究。结果表明ＣＰＧ大鼠血浆ＴＸＢ２和６ＫｅｔｏＰＧＦ１α显著低于ＭＳＧ（ｐ＜００５），而小脑毛细血管内皮细胞Ｎａ＋Ｋ＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性则明显高于ＭＳＧ（ｐ＜００１）。作者认为，血浆ＴＸＢ２和６ＫｅｔｏＰＧＦ１α降低，与脑益嗪阻断血小板和血管内皮细胞Ｃａ２＋内流有关。脑内Ｎａ＋Ｋ＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性升高，可能是因为脑益嗪扩张脑血管、增加脑血流，阻滞Ｃａ２＋内流的结果。这些变化可视为脑益嗪抗运动病作用的重要机理。     

一氧化氮对孕鼠体内内皮素,血栓素B2,6—酮前列腺素水平的影响

通过４组４０只ＳＤ系雌性大鼠,人工阻断一氧化氮（ＮＯ）,研究ＮＯ减少对孕鼠体内内皮素（ＥＴ）、血栓素Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）、６－酮前列腺素Ｆ１α（６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α）水平的影响。在给晚期妊娠及未妊娠大鼠阻断ＮＯ５天后,测其血浆ＥＴ、ＴＸＢ２、６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α值。结果妊娠大鼠ＥＴ、ＴＸＢ２、６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α值均升高、ＴＸＢ２／６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＥＦ１α比值升高。作为代偿和保护机制,妊娠     

L—精氨酸对高脂血症大鼠血浆TXB2,6—K—PGF1α的影响

２放射免疫分析法检测了高脂血症模型大鼠血浆ＴＸＢ２、６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α的含量,结果显示,高脂血症大鼠血浆ＴＸＢ２显著上升,６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α显著下降,Ｔ／Ｐ比值上升,Ｌ－精氨酸要使高脂血症大鼠血浆ＴＸＢ２下降,６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α上升,Ｔ／Ｐ比值下降。提示：高脂血症可导致ＴＸＡ２／ＰＧＩ２失衡,血管内皮分泌功能发生紊乱,Ｌ－精氨酸可纠正之。     

梗阻性黄疸患者血浆TXB2,6—K—PGF1αRIA

本文采用放射免疫分析法检测６４例梗阻性黄疸病人（服消炎痛组ｎ＝３２，未服消炎痛组ｎ＝３２）手术前后外因浆血栓素Ａ２和前列环素（ＰＧＩ２）的稳定代谢产物ＴＸＢ２和６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α浓度２，结果表明，未服消炎痛组术前血浆ＴＸＢ２、６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α浓度及Ｔ／Ｐ显著升高，尤以ＴＸＢ２升高明显（Ｐ〈０．０１）。术后血浆ＴＸＢ２、６－Ｋ－ＰＧＦ１α下降，但ＴＸＢ２仍高于无黄疸组水平，Ｔ／Ｐ无明显变化（Ｐ〉０     

实验性肾炎肾皮质TXA2—PGI2平衡失调与肾小球病理变化的关系

本文用阳离子化牛血清白蛋白制作大鼠原位性肾炎模型，观察血栓素Ａ２－前列环素平衡的变化及与肾小球病理变化的关系。将模型动物随机分成２组，分别腹腔内注射Ｄａｚｏｘｉｂｅｎ，蒸馏水，共注射２周。结果显示，大鼠免疫２周后，肾皮质ＴＸＢ２升高，６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α降低，尿蛋白量增加。４周后上述改变加重伴血小板聚焦强度增大。治疗组大鼠肾皮质ＴＸＢ２降低，６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＴ１α升高，ＴＸＢ２／６－Ｋｅｔｏ     

实验性肾炎肾皮质TXA_2－PGI_2平衡失调与肾小球病理变化的关系

本文用阳离子化牛血清白蛋白制作大鼠原位性肾炎模型，观察血栓素Ａ＿２前列环素平衡的变化及与肾小球病理变化的关系。将模型动物随机分成２组，分别腹腔内注射Ｄａｚｏｘｉｂｅｎ、蒸馏水，共注射２周。结果显示，大鼠免疫２周后，肾皮质ＴＸＢ＿２升高，６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ＿１α降低，尿蛋白量增加。４周后上述改变加重伴血小板聚集强度增大。治疗组大鼠肾皮质ＴＸＢ＿２降低，６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ＿１α升高，ＴＸＢ＿２／６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ＿１α比值降低，血小板聚集强度减弱，肾小球足突融合部分缓解，ＧＢＭ中电子致密物有溶解吸收迹象。统计处理提示，尿蛋白与ＴＸＢ＿２呈正相关（ｒ＝０．７８４４），与６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ＿１α呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．７１６３）。表明原位性肾炎大鼠肾皮质存在着ＴＸＡ＿２－ＰＧＩ＿２平衡失调，肾小球病理变化与ＴＸＡ＿２－ＰＧＩ＿２平衡失调有关。     

高压氧对小鼠肺毛细血管Na^＋—K^——ATPase影响的图像分析

采用Ｎａ＾＋－Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ电镜细胞化学方法，观察在高压氧和高压氧中毒悟上小鼠肺毛细血管Ｎａ＾＋－Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性的分布，活性强度与超微结构改变之间的联系，并用计算机图像定量分析方法对酶活性进行了１４个参数的定量分析，这些定量参数表明，高压氧条件下，肺毛细血管Ｎａ＾＋－Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性升高，在高压氧中毒条件下，肺毛细血管Ｎａ＾＋－Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性减弱。     

"肝郁"大鼠血浆TXA2、 PGI2水平与肝微循环变化及逍遥散作用

目的 探讨“肝郁”大鼠模型血浆ＴＸＡ２、ＰＧＩ２水平与肝微循环变化，揭示“肝郁致瘀”的机理。方法 用捆绑式限制大鼠活动制作肝郁大鼠模型，血浆６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α、ＴＸＢ２测定采用放射免疫分析法，肝微区、胃微区ＢＣＰＡ测定用ＬＤＦ－Ⅱ型激光微循环血流计。结果 造模大鼠一般于造模第３～４ｄ出现“肝郁”现象：肝郁大鼠血浆６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α明显降低（Ｐ〉０．０１）；ＴＸＢ２明显升高（Ｐ〈０．０１     

当归对正常犬血浆TXA2／PGI2水平的影响

我们研究了当归对正常犬下腔静脉、肝静脉和门静脉内ＴＸＢ２、６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１ａ及其比值的影响。结果表明，用药后，３种血管内均表现为ＴＸＢ２水平增加，６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１ａ水平下降及ＴＸＢ２／６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１ａ水平上升，动态观察表明，当归对ＴＸＢ２／６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１ａ的影响以门静脉和肝静脉最为显著。     

汉防已甲素对大鼠实验性脑梗塞的影响

目的和方法：选用热凝造成大脑中动脉阻断（ＭＣＡＯ）而致实验性大鼠脑局灶性缺血模型，观察汉防己甲素（ｔｅｔｒａｎｄｒｉｎｅ，ＴＥＴ）对大鼠脑局灶性缺血的防治作用。结果：ＴＥＴ组用药七天，脑梗塞范围明显小于缺血组，缺血区脑组织Ｃａ２＋、Ｎａ＋、过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）、血浆血栓素Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）明显低于缺血组，而超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）明显高于缺血组，６－酮－前列腺素Ｆ１α（６－ｋｅｔｏＰＧＦ１α）无显著改变，ＴＸＢ２／６－酮（Ｔ／Ｋ）比值明显低于缺血组。结论：ＴＥＴ具有对大鼠ＭＣＡＯ局灶性脑缺血有效的防治作用，其机制可能与减少脑组织缺血区Ｃａ２＋、Ｎａ＋、ＬＰＯ含量，降低ＴＸＢ２，使Ｔ／Ｋ比值趋于正常有关。     

高频喷射通气治疗PE-SWD兔血气和Na+-K+-ATPase图像分析定量研究

为了探讨高频喷射通气（HFJV）治疗海水淹溺肺水肿（PE－SWD）的作用机理,采用全自动血气酸碱分析仪和计算机图像分析系统,对海水淹溺肺水肿组（PE－SWD－G）、高频喷射通气组（HFJV－G）和正常对照组（Con－trolgropu,CG）兔PaO2、p8CO2、血氧饱和度（SSO2）和兔肺内N －K －ATPase进行自动检测和定量分析。结果表明,PE－SWD经HFJV治疗100min后,HFJV－G中的PaO2、SaO2和肺毛细血管内皮细胞中Na －K －ATPase活性比PE－SWD－G明显升高（P＜0．01或P＜0．05）,并且HFJV－G中Na －K －ATPase的3项参数（D1、D2和G6）几乎恢复到接近CG水平。HFJV－G兔PaO2和SaO2的升高与肺内Na －K －ATPase活性的恢复密切相关。HFJV对PESWD的治疗,关键在于能较好地纠正低氧血症,因而对肺内Na －K －ATPase的恢复有明显的促进作用。     

Cytochemical investigation of p-NPPase activity in rat cardiac muscle.

The cytochemical demonstration of the atrial cardiac myocyte pumping activity has been made by detecting p-nitrophenylphosphatase (NPPase), which is used by investigating of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and H(+)-K(+)-ATPase activities. The fine ultrastructural localization of these enzymes was studied using cytochemical methods with cerium as a capturing agent. Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase was localized on the atrial muscle cell plasma membrane, T-tubule membrane, endothelial cell nuclear membrane, and cardiac myocyte nuclear membrane. H(+)-K(+)-ATPase was localized on the atrial muscle cells plasma membrane, T-tubule membrane, and sarcoplasmatic reticulum. The present findings indicate that the transporting metabolic activity of the heart as an endocrine organ is realized by the interaction between p-NPPases.     

兔海水淹溺肺水肿发生机制的实验研究

为探讨海水淹溺肺水肿（ＰＥ－ＳＷＤ）的发生机理,应用丹麦产ＡＢＬ－Ⅲ型血气－酸碱分析仪,对兔动脉血气和酸碱指标进行自动检测,采用计算机图像分析系统,对肺Ｎａ＾＋－Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ、细胞色素氧化酶（ＣＹＴＯ）和碱性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）进行自动检测和定量分析;采用原位杂交和免疫组化技术,对肺组织ｃ－ｆｏｓ ｍＲＮＡ和Ｆｏｓ蛋白进行定量检测;采用磷脂和Ｃａ＾２＋超微结构定位法,对肺磷脂和Ｃａ＾２＋的分布     

Role of oxidative stress in ischemia-reperfusion-induced changes in Na+,K(+)-ATPase isoform expression in rat heart

The aim of this study was to assess whether depression of cardiac Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is associated with alterations in Na+,K(+)-ATPase isoforms, and if oxidative stress participates in these I/R-induced changes. Na+,K(+)-ATPase alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, beta1, beta2, and beta3 isoform contents were measured in isolated rat hearts subjected to I/R (30 min of global ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion) in the presence or absence of superoxide dismutase plus catalase (SOD+CAT). Effects of oxidative stress on Na+,K(+)-ATPase isoforms were also examined by perfusing the hearts for 20 min with 300 microM hydrogen peroxide or 2 mM xanthine plus 0.03 U/ml xanthine oxidase (XXO). I/R significantly reduced the protein levels of all alpha and beta isoforms. Treatment of I/R hearts with SOD+CAT preserved the levels of alpha2, alpha3, beta1, beta2, and beta3 isoforms, but not that of the alpha1 isoform. Perfusion of hearts with hydrogen peroxide and XXO depressed all Na+,K(+)-ATPase alpha and beta isoforms, except for alpha1. These results indicate that the I/R-induced decrease in Na+,K(+)-ATPase may be due to changes in Na+,K(+)-ATPase isoform expression and that oxidative stress plays a role in this alteration. Antioxidant treatment attenuated the I/R-induced changes in expression of all isoforms except alpha1, which appears to be more resistant to oxidative stress.     

Effects of Escherichia coli endotoxin on structure and permeability of myocardial capillaries.

A study was carried out to investigate changes in myocardial capillaries induced by endotoxin, in order to clarify the pathogenesis of myocardial damage in endotoxemia. Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with 100 mg/kg Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide and then sacrificed at 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 8, and 24 h after injection. The myocardium was observed by electron microscopy with histochemistry using horseradish peroxidase and immunocytochemistry for Na+, K(+)-ATPase/TPase. The earliest evident endothelial alterations were swelling, increased numbers of pinocytotic vesicles, and formation of cytoplasmic projections. Interstitial edema and focal detachment of the endothelial cells from the basement membrane occurred with time. Vascular permeability was increased after endotoxin injection. Activity of Na+, K(+)-ATPase was reduced on the plasma membrane of the endothelial cells. It is concluded that endotoxin induces structural and enzymatic changes in the myocardial capillary endothelium and an increase of capillary permeability.     

CI-ATPase and Na+/K(+)-ATPase activities in Alzheimer's disease brains

The enzyme activities and the protein levels of Cl(-)-ATPase and Na+/K(+)-ATPase were examined in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. Cl(-)-ATPase and Na+/K(+)-ATPase activities in AD brains (n = 13) were significantly lower than those in age-matched control brains (n = 12). In contrast, there was no significant difference in anion-insensitive Mg2(+)-ATPase activity between the two groups. Western blot analysis revealed that the protein levels of Cl(-)-ATPase, Na+/K(+)-ATPase and neuron specific Na+/K(+)-ATPase alpha3 isoform were also significantly reduced in AD brains, while the amount of protein disulfide isomerase, one of the house keeping membrane proteins, was not different between the two groups. The data first demonstrated that Cl(-)-ATPase and Na+/K(+)-ATPase are selectively impaired in AD brains, which may reduce the gradients of Na(+), K(+) and Cl(-) across the cell membranes to cause excitotoxic cellular response and the resulting neuronal death.     

Cloning and expression of a Na(+), K(+)-ATPase alpha-subunit from Taenia solium (TNaK1alpha)

The Na(+), K(+)-ATPase are membrane-associated enzymes that transport Na(+) and K(+) across the membrane generating chemical and electrical gradients, essential to maintain the resting potential for the excitation of myocytons and neurons and for transport of nutrients. The cDNA encoding a full-length isoform of Taenia solium Na(+), K(+)-ATPase alpha-subunit (TNaK1alpha) was isolated from a cysticercal cDNA library. TNaK1alpha has 1014 amino acids and a predicted molecular mass of 111,989Da. The protein displays strong sequence homology and conserved motifs typical of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase alpha-subunits. Northern and Southern hybridizations reveal a TNaK1alpha mRNA of about 3.7kb, which is encoded by a single gene. Polyclonal antibodies raised against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the NH(2)-terminal sequence of TNaK1alpha recognized a 100-kDa polypeptide in the membrane fraction of adult and larval stages of T. solium and other Taenia species. Immunolocalization studies using the same antibodies revealed that the TNaK1 is preferentially localized in muscle cells and protonephridial ducts, and in small quantities in the tegument of T. solium cysticerci.     

Ionic mechanisms of regulatory volume increase (RVI) in the human hepatoma cell-line HepG2

We studied the effects of hypertonic stress on ion transport and cell volume regulation (regulatory volume increase; RVI) in the human tumor cell-line HepG2. Ion conductances were monitored in intracellular current-clamp measurements with rapid ion-substitutions and in whole-cell patch-clamp recordings; intracellular pH buffering capacity and activation of Na(+)/H(+) antiport were determined fluorometrically; the rates of Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) symport and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase were quantified on the basis of time-dependent and furosemide- or ouabain-sensitive (86)Rb(+) uptake, respectively; changes in cell volume were recorded by means of confocal laser-scanning microscopy. It was found that hypertonic conditions led to the activation of a cation conductance that was inhibited by Gd(3+), flufenamate as well as amiloride, but not by benzamil or ethyl-isopropyl-amiloride (EIPA). Most likely, this cation conductance was non-selective for Na(+) over K(+). Hypertonic stress did not change K(+) conductance, whereas possible changes in Cl(-) conductance remain ambiguous. The contribution of Na(+)/H(+)antiport to the RVI process appeared to be minor. Under hypertonic conditions an approximately 3.5-fold stimulation of Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-)symport was observed but this transporter did not significantly contribute to the overall RVI process. Hypertonic stress did not increase the activity of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, which even under isotonic conditions appeared to be working at its limit. It is concluded that the main mechanism in the RVI of HepG2 cells is the activation of a novel non-selective cation conductance. In contrast, there is little if any contribution of K(+) conductance, Na(+)/H(+) antiport, Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) symport, and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase to this process.     

Gentamicin inhibition of Na+,K(+)-ATPase in rat kidney cells.

Na,K(+)-ATPase activity is decreased in homogenized renal tissue from GM-treated rats. This study examines whether the site of the active effect of GM on Na,K(+)-ATPase activity in the kidney can be localized to the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) where the drug is taken up and where it will produce necrosis. In rats treated with gentamicin (50 micrograms.kg-1.day-1 i.m.) for 7 days, PCT Na,K(+)-ATPase activity was reduced as compared to vehicle-treated rats but returned to control levels 7 days after treatment withdrawal. In another nephron segment, the medullary thick ascending limb of Henle (mTAL), where GM induced lesions are uncommon, Na,K(+)-ATPase activity was the same in GM- and vehicle-treated rats treatment. To study the in vitro effect of GM, dissected PCT and mTAL segments from untreated rats were preincubated for 30 min with GM 10(-3) M, a dose similar to the tissue concentration in chronically treated rats. In tubule segments that were permeabilized to allow the drug to enter the cells, GM 10(-3) M significantly inhibited Na,K(+)-ATPase activity both in PCT and mTAL. In non-permeabilized mTAL segments GM did not inhibit Na,K(+)-ATPase activity. GM inhibition of Na,K(+)-ATPase activity in permeabilized PCT segments persisted after the tubules were rinsed in GM free medium. GM does not inhibit Na,K(+)-ATPase partly purified from the renal cortex. Conclusion. Gentamicin inhibits Na,K(+)-ATPase activity in renal tubule cells when it has access to the cytoplasm. Treatment with GM will therefore cause a selective inhibition of Na,K(+)-ATPase in the proximal tubule cells.