雌性山羊去卵巢后不同时间骨生物力学参数变化

研究了雌性山羊切除双侧卵巢后不同时间骨生物力学性能的变化。２ 岁左右雌性成都山羊１４ 只,体重２８±３ｋｇ,随机分为双侧卵巢切除（ＯＶＸ）半年组４ 只、ＯＶＸ １ 年组５ 只、ＯＶＸ １ 年半组５ 只。术后半年、１ 年、１ 年半处死动物,取出右侧股骨、胫骨、跖骨。用三点弯曲法测定股骨整体骨弯曲结构力学参数的变化;用跖骨测定整体骨压缩结构力学参数的变化;分别取股骨和胫骨断端密质骨试件测定弯曲、压缩、拉伸的材料力学参数的变化。结果显示：ＯＶＸ １ 年组与ＯＶＸ 半年组相比,骨的几何参数均减小;股骨整体骨三点弯曲弹性模量减小２３．２７％ ,而破坏荷载和极限强度则无明显变化（Ｐ＞ ０．０５）;股骨和胫骨骨试件的弯曲、压缩和拉伸实验中,除胫骨弯曲、压缩和拉伸的极限强度明显降低（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）外,其余参数降低不明显（Ｐ＞ ０．０５）。ＯＶＸ １ 年半组与ＯＶＸ １ 年组相比,股骨的骨厚度和胫骨的矢状径、冠状径和骨厚度增加明显（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）;股骨整体骨三点弯曲的破坏荷载增高明显（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,这可能与ＯＶＸ １ 年半组体重增加相关;股骨和胫骨骨试件的压缩极限强度和弹性模量及胫骨骨试件弯曲的弹性模量明显减小（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,其余参数变化均     

辛伐他汀对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠股骨生物力学的影响

目的研究辛伐他汀(Simvastatin,SIM)对去卵巢(OVX)骨质疏松大鼠股骨生物力学性能的影响。方法48只3月龄雌性SD大鼠,随机分成3组,假手术(SHAM)组、OVX组和OVX+SIM组,每组8只。适应性喂养一周后进行手术。术后8周开始给药,OVX+SIM组给予SIM 5mg.kg-1·d-1,其余两组用等量生理盐水灌服。用药后第4周每组随机处死半数大鼠,12周后处死剩余大鼠,取股骨进行三点弯曲试验,检测股骨最大载荷、弹性载荷、最大桡度、弹性桡度、弯曲刚度系数、弯曲韧度系数等生物力学性能。结果(1)用药4周,最大载荷:SHAM组较OVX组明显增加(P<0.05);弹性载荷:OVX+SIM组较OVX组明显降低(P<0.05);最大桡度:SHAM组较OVX组明显增加(P<0.05);弯曲韧度系数:OVX+SIM组较OVX组明显增加(P<0.01)。(2)用药12周,最大载荷:OVX+SIM组、SHAM组较OVX组明显增加(P<0.05,P<0.01);弹性载荷:OVX+SIM组较OVX组明显增加(P<0.05);弯曲韧度系数:OVX+SIM组、SHAM组较OVX组明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。(3)用药12周较4周,OVX+SIM组最大载荷、弹性载简明显增加(P<0.01),OVX组弯曲韧度系数明显增加(P<0.01)。结论SIM能促进去势大鼠骨的再建,改变骨的空间微结构和骨组织有机成分和无机成分的比例及结合,随时间的延长能提高股骨的强度。     

去卵巢大鼠骨组织的变化

目的:观察去卵巢对大鼠骨组织的改变,以建立妇女绝经后骨质疏松的动物模型。方法:选用3月龄SD雌性大鼠16只,随机分为对照组和去卵巢组。去卵巢组大鼠的双侧卵巢被切除,对照组做假手术,持续90天。用骨矿测定仪测量大鼠股骨的骨密度及在半自动图像分析仪观测胫骨近端骨小梁的静、动态指标,并在扫描电镜下观察大鼠股骨松质骨结构的改变。结果:与对照正常组比较,去卵巢组大鼠股骨的远端的骨密度降低(P<0.05)。胫骨骨小梁的面积减少,骨小梁间隙增大。股骨的骨小梁变少,变细,断裂,连接不紧密,表面常见骨吸收形成的陷窝。结论:用切除卵巢的方法造成雌激素缺乏,导致骨质疏松,作为研究因绝经引起的原发性骨质疏松的可靠动物模型。     

成骨生长肽羧基端片段及其衍生物对去卵巢大鼠骨生物力学性能的影响

目的探讨成骨生长肽羧基端片段(OGP10-14)及其衍生物G38I和G38K对去卵巢(OVX)骨质疏松大鼠股骨和腰椎生物力学性能的影响。方法56只3月龄SD雌性大鼠分为7组,1～6组行OVX手术,术后1～3组分别给予观察药物OGP(10-14)、G38I和G38K,4、5组分别给予利塞磷酸钠及阿伦磷酸钠作为治疗对照,6组术后给予安慰剂,7组为假手术组。术后第60天处死,分离股骨行三点弯曲实验,腰椎行压缩实验,检测并分析各组生物力学有关指标。结果OVX术后大鼠腰椎强度极限及最大应变分别下降为假手术组的80%和65%,变化较股骨明显,说明骨质疏松症早期,以松质骨为主的部位受累更加显著。OGP(10-14)及其衍生物治疗后,G38I,G38K组股骨弹性弯曲应力较OVX组显著升高,最大弯曲应力、弹性模量也有升高趋势,但差异无显著性。腰椎强度极限OGP(10-14)组升高达OVX组的1.28倍(P<0.01),与二磷酸盐治疗组近似,弹性模量OGP(10-14)组为OVX组的1.35倍。结论OGP(10-14)及其衍生物治疗后,在一定程度上提高了骨质疏松大鼠骨组织抗冲击、抗压缩的能力,改善了骨生物力学性能。     

复方丹参滴丸对去卵巢大鼠骨代谢及骨生物力学的影响

目的:研究复方丹参滴丸(DSP)对去卵巢大鼠骨代谢与骨生物力学的影响.方法:切除大鼠双侧卵巢,建屯大鼠原发性骨质疏松模型.予复方丹参滴丸等药物干预90天后,测大鼠血清的钙、磷、锌、镁、铁、雌二醇、骨钙素浓度,测定股骨中钙、磷、锌、镁、铁含量及股骨生物力学指标.结果:与模型组比较,复方丹参滴丸组和尼尔雌醇组大鼠血清钙、磷、骨钙素含量明显减少(P<0.05);股骨中的钙、磷、镁含量明显增加(P<0.05);股骨的最大载荷、最大挠度、最大应力、弹性模量均明显增强(P<0.05),以高剂量复方丹参滴丸组的作用最为明显.结论:复方丹参滴丸可纠正去卵巢大鼠的骨代谢紊乱,维持正常的骨生物力学性能,提示复方丹参滴丸对绝经后骨质疏松症有防治作用.     

补骨方对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症生物力学的影响

目的:探讨补骨方对去卵巢大鼠骨生物力学和形态学的影响.方法:采用去卵巢大鼠模型,随机分为假手术组、模型组及补骨方高、低剂量组,灌胃给药12周后处死动物,取股骨与胫骨测量生物力学参数和进行骨组织形态学观察.结果:补骨方的骨应力、骨弹性模量、扭距、剪切应力、剪切模量等指标与模型组比较有比较显著的提高(P<0.05);骨组织形态学结果显示模型组大鼠骨组织形态结构不完整,骨小梁排列稀疏而紊乱,纤细并见断裂现象,数目明显减少;补骨方高、低剂量组骨组织形态结构较完整,骨小梁分布均匀,较粗且数目较模型组明显增加.结论:补骨方能改善骨生物力学性能和形态学结构,提示具有良好的防治骨质疏松症的应用前景.     

雌性大鼠去势后股骨生物力学变化

３月龄ＳＤ大鼠去势６个月后，采用三点弯曲试验描记肢骨的负荷－变形曲线，计算肢骨最大负荷和致断应力，与对照组比较。反映股骨组成材料力学性能的致断应力，去势后显著降低。反映整根股骨力学性能的最大负荷，去势后虽有减小，但无显著性差异。结果表明：雌性大鼠去势后股骨组成材料的力学性能受到显著损害，而整根股骨的力学性能．因几何形状的优化，无明显变化。     

松质骨生物力学性质的研究进展

松质骨生物力学性质的研究进展欧阳钧综述朱清安钟世镇审校（第一军医大学解放军临床解剖生物力学实验室，广州５１０５１５）骨组织力学性质的研究已有１００余年历史，研究对象主要为密质骨，而松质骨材料力学性质的研究进展较慢。近２０年来，由于年龄相关性骨折、骨质...     

去卵巢山羊成骨细胞的体外培养

选用摘除双侧卵巢的百颅盖骨，体外分离培养成骨细胞，并对分离的成骨细胞做多方面生物学特性鉴定。结果表明：体外培养的去卵巢山百成骨细胞具有典型成骨细胞的形态特征、碱性磷酸酶活性以及在体外发生钙化的功能；证实了体外培养的去卵巢百成骨细胞具有体内成骨细胞的功能特性。为骨代谢的研究提供了新的实验手段。     

卵巢辐射损伤对大鼠腰椎骨密度和生物力学的影响

目的探讨大鼠卵巢辐射损伤后腰椎骨密度、微结构和生物力学的改变。方法手术暴露大鼠双侧卵巢并应用50Gy的γ射线局部照射,术后90d取大鼠腰椎,DEXA测定骨密度,扫描电镜显示微结构,并行压缩实验检测腰椎最大载荷。结果与假手术组相比,卵巢辐射组大鼠的腰椎骨密度显著减少(P<0.05),骨微结构破坏,生物力学性能下降(P<0.05)。结论卵巢辐射损可导致大鼠腰椎的骨质疏松样改变。     

去卵巢大鼠椎骨组织形态计量学、生物力学特点及相关性研究

采用骨组织形态计量学、骨生物力学和骨矿含量测定等方法研究 10 .5月龄至 16月龄 SD大鼠和双侧卵巢去除术后椎骨的骨质量变化以及它们之间的相关关系。雌性 SD大鼠随机分为 6组 :(1) 10 .5月龄基础组 ;(2 )13月龄假手术组 (sham - 1) ;(3) 13月龄去卵巢组 (OVX- 2 ) ;(4) 16月龄假手术组 (sham - 2 ) ;(5 ) 16月龄去卵巢组(OVX- 2 )和 (6 )雌激素治疗组 :去卵巢 10周后给予雌激素治疗 12周 (OVX- 2 +EE)。所有大鼠在处死前 14、13d和4、3d分别皮下注射四环素和钙黄绿素作体内荧光标记。实验终止时取大鼠第 4腰椎行骨组织形态计量学测量 ,第5腰椎体作试件压缩试验 ,试验后的椎体进行骨矿物元素测定。结果发现 10 .5月龄至 16月龄大鼠椎体骨干重、冠状径、骨小梁面积骨小梁厚度有增加趋势 ,骨的破坏荷载 ,破坏应力和弹性模量也有增加趋势 ,以 13月龄为高峰值。去卵巢 10周后 ,上述指标明显下降 ,2 2周后 ,下降更明显。雌激素治疗后上述指标明显改善。相关研究表明 ,骨小梁面积与骨的破坏应力呈正相关 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,而骨的破坏应力又与骨矿 (主要成分 Ca)含量呈正相关 (P<0 .0 1)。去卵巢后 ,骨小梁面积的下降比骨破坏应力的下降更明显 ,出现的时间更早。本研究表明 ,骨组织形态计量学检测和骨生物力学检     

4种药物干预治疗骨质疏松模型大鼠骨三点弯曲力学特性的对比分析

背景：力学性能指标是评价药物治疗骨质疏松动物模型效果的重要方法,以3点弯曲力学性能指标评价多种药物治疗老龄雌性骨质疏松模型动物的效果鲜有报道。 目的：以大鼠骨3点弯曲力学性能指标评价骨质疏松模型大鼠经丹杞颗粒、结合性雌激素、依普拉芬及αD3干预的效果。 方法：Wistar雌性大鼠48只分为6组,除正常组外,采用以去双侧卵巢的方法复制老龄骨质疏松大鼠模型。丹杞颗粒干预组每日给服丹杞颗粒0.9 g/kg,普拉芬干预组每日给服依普拉芬1 mg/kg,αD3干预组每日给服αD3 0.1 mg/kg,结合型雌激素干预组每日给服结合型雌激素0.3 mg/kg。以电子万能实验机对各组大鼠左、右侧胫骨进行3点弯曲力学性能测试。 结果与结论：丹杞颗粒、依普拉芬、结合型雌激素干预组胫骨最大载荷、最大应力、最大弯矩、最大应力及弹性模量大于模型组(P < 0.05);αD3干预组最大载荷、最大应力、最大应变、弹性模量与模型组差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);丹杞颗粒干预组胫骨最大载荷、最大应力、最大应变与正常对照组比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。丹杞颗粒干预组、结合型雌激素干预组、依普拉芬干预组弯曲力学性能恢复较好,以丹杞颗粒干预组效果最好,αD3干预治疗组弯曲力学性能指标无明显恢复。结果说明以丹杞颗粒干预骨质疏松模型大鼠胫骨3点弯曲力学性能恢复效果最好。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

骨质疏松性骨力学性能的预测研究

骨力学性能是发现与评价骨质疏松重要而直接的参考指标,但临床目前尚难对骨质疏松患者的骨力学性能做出非侵入性的直接评估。因此,研究通过间接手段进行骨力学性能的预测已成为骨质疏松研究领域的一个重要课题,并具有重要的临床应用价值。本文综述了对骨质疏松性骨力学性能进行预测的研究进展,并展望了该领域研究的发展前景。     

The Effects of Antihypertensive Drugs on Bone Mineral Density in Ovariectomized Mice

The effects of several antihypertensive drugs on bone mineral density (BMD) and micro-architectural changes in ovariectomized (OVX) mice were investigated. Eight-week-old female C57/BL6 mice were used for this study. Three days after ovariectomy, mice were treated intraperitoneally with nifedipine (15 mg/kg), telmisartan (5 mg/kg), enalapril (20 mg/kg), propranolol (1 mg/kg) or hydrochlorothiazide (12.5 mg/kg) for 35 consecutive days. Uterine atrophy of all mice was confirmed to evaluate estrogen deficiency state. BMD and micro-architectural analyses were performed on tibial proximal ends by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). When OVX mice with uterine atrophy were compared with mice without atrophy, BMD decreased (P < 0.001). There were significant differences in BMD loss between different antihypertensive drugs (P = 0.005). Enalapril and propranolol increased BMD loss in mice with atrophied uteri compared with control mice. By contrast, thiazide increased BMD in mice with uterine atrophy compared with vehicle-treated mice (P = 0.048). Thiazide (P = 0.032) and telmisartan (P = 0.051) reduced bone loss and bone fraction in mice with uterine atrophy compared with the control. Thiazide affects BMD in OVX mice positively. The reduction in bone loss by thiazide and telmisartan suggest that these drugs may benefit menopausal women with hypertension and osteoporosis.     

Equal Cartilage Repair Response Between Autologous Chondrocytes in a Collagen Scaffold and Minced Cartilage Under a Collagen Scaffold: An in Vivo Study in Goats

Cell-free methods for cartilage tissue repair have recently gained increased focus. One method to supply a chondrogenic cell source is to apply freshly harvested cartilage tissue to the defects area and to retain the tissue for cell outgrowth. The present study aims to investigate the cartilage repair response of autologous cartilage chips or chondrocytes in combination with a collagen membrane in a goat femoral condyle full thickness cartilage defect model. Fully 16 defects in 8 adult goats were used for the study. A total of 6 mm full-thickness cartilage defects in the femoral condyles were randomized to collagen membrane matrix scaffold with chondrocytes and minced cartilage placed under collagen membrane scaffold. Animals were followed for 4 months. No difference was found in O'Driscoll and Pinada histology scores, tissue filling (35%), or repair tissue stiffness between the two groups. This animal study demonstrated no difference in cartilage repair between the two different techniques. The general tissue regeneration was limited probably due to the early time point of investigation and the challenging mechanical environment.     

去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞体外成脂肪分化能力的研究

探讨不同月龄、去卵巢对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)向脂肪细胞分化能力的影响。选用健康3月龄和6月龄Spraque-Dawley(SD)雌性大鼠行双侧卵巢切除术,建立骨质疏松症的动物模型;使用密度梯度离心法分别获取各组骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs),体外培养传至3代,加入成脂肪诱导液进行诱导,油红O染色观察细胞内脂滴;并用RT-PCR法检测成脂肪分化标志物脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)mRNA表达水平。实验分为8组:1)3月龄正常大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞组(MSCs3control);2)3月龄去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞组(MSCs3ovx);3)6月龄正常大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞组(MSCs6control);4)6月龄去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞组(MSCs6ovx);5)3月龄正常大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成脂肪诱导组(MSCs ADI3control);6)3月龄去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成脂肪诱导组(MSCs ADI3ovx);7)6月龄正常大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成脂肪诱导组(MSCs ADI6control);8)6月龄去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成脂肪诱导组(MSCs ADI6ovx)。结果显示:(1)年老组大鼠MSCs成脂肪细胞分化能力大于年幼组大鼠;(2)成脂肪诱导后,成脂肪诱导各组MSCs胞浆内均有脂滴形成,MSCs ADI3ovx和MSCs ADI6ovx明显多于相应对照组。(3)成脂诱导后,与相应的对照组相比,MSCs ADI3ovx和MSCs ADI6ovx LPL mRNA表达水平明显增高。研究结果表明,年老组和去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠(MSCs)向脂肪细胞分化能力皆增强。     

Changes in Bone Metabolism in Young Castrated Male Rats

PurposeTo determine the window of time during which osteoporosis affects the management of spinal surgery and the mechanism of bone metabolism changes in males with osteoporosis by examining changes in bone metabolism in young castrated male rats.ResultsFemoral and lumbar BMDs were decreased in the orchiectomy groups. BMDs in the sham and orchiectomy groups showed statistically differences at POD 8, 10, and 12 weeks for the femur (p=0.032, 0.008, 0.008) and lumbar spine (p=0.151, 0.008, 0.008, respectively). Serum osteocalcin, ALP, and CTX decreased gradually; however, N-terminal type 1 procollagen (P1NP) showed a slight increase yet no significant change.ConclusionIn young castrated male rats, a significant decrease in BMD was observed after orchiectomy due to the mixture of two detrimental factors. Young castrated male rats did not reach peak BMD. Increased bone turnover causes bone resorption to exceed bone formation. This study may contribute to the creation of a valuable model for studies of male osteoporosis and the spinal surgery field.     

构建骨质疏松动物模型研究进展

骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)是一组代谢性骨病,其原因复杂,主要特点为骨微结构破坏、骨量低下、骨脆性增加.随着社会生产力的稳步提升,老龄化社会成为多数发达国家及部分发展中国家的社会形态.正因为老年人在人口结构的占比不断攀升,骨质疏松症的占比也不断增高,所以如何防治骨质疏松症已成为当前人们关注的重点和难点....     

Pamidronate for the treatment of osteoporosis secondary to chronic cholestatic liver disease in Wistar rats

Osteoporosis is a major complication of chronic cholestatic liver disease (CCLD). We evaluated the efficacy of using disodium pamidronate (1.0 mg/kg body weight) for the prevention (Pr) or treatment (Tr) of cholestasis-induced osteoporosis in male Wistar rats: sham-operated (Sham = 12); bile duct-ligated (Bi = 15); bile duct-ligated animals previously treated with pamidronate before and 1 month after surgery (Pr = 9); bile duct-ligated animals treated with pamidronate 1 month after surgery (Tr = 9). Rats were sacrificed 8 weeks after surgery. Immunohistochemical expression of IGF-I and GH receptor was determined in the proximal growth plate cartilage of the left tibia. Histomorphometric analysis was performed in the right tibia and the right femur was used for biomechanical analysis. Bone material volume over tissue volume (BV/TV) was significantly affected by CCLD (Sham = 18.1 ± 3.2 vs Bi = 10.6 ± 2.2%) and pamidronate successfully increased bone volume. However, pamidronate administered in a preventive regimen presented no additional benefit on bone volume compared to secondary treatment (BV/TV: Pr = 39.4 ± 12.0; Tr = 41.2 ± 12.7%). Moreover, the force on the momentum of fracture was significantly reduced in Pr rats (Sham = 116.6 ± 23.0; Bi = 94.6 ± 33.8; Pr = 82.9 ± 22.8; Tr = 92.5 ± 29.5 N; P < 0.05, Sham vs Pr). Thus, CCLD had a significant impact on bone histomorphometric parameters and pamidronate was highly effective in increasing bone mass in CCLD; however, preventive therapy with pamidronate has no advantage regarding bone fragility.