不同转移潜能肝癌细胞株血管内皮生长因子及其受体的表达和意义

目的 探讨血管内皮生长因子受体-1(VEGFR-1)在不同转移潜能肝癌细胞株中的表达及其意义.方法 应用半定量RT-PCR、酶联免疫吸附试验和(或)Western blot检测4株不同转移潜能的肝癌细胞株及一株正常肝细胞中VEGFR-1、VEGF-A、VEGF-B及VEGFR-2的mRNA和(或)蛋白质表达.结果 MHCC97-H、MHCC97-L和SMMC-7721细胞均有VEGFR-1 mRNA和蛋白质表达,且VEGFR-1 mRNA和蛋白质在MHCC97-H中的表达高于MHCC97-L、SMMC-7721的表达,两者比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而其配体VEG-A和VEGF-B在检测的4种肝癌细胞株和正常肝细胞株L-02中均有表达.同时在检测的四种肝癌细胞株和正常肝细胞株L-02中均能检测到VEGFR-2 mRNA和蛋白质表达,但各组间表达差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 具有转移潜能的肝癌细胞株有VEGFR-1表达,而且其表达强弱与肝癌细胞株的转移潜能呈正相关,VEGFR-1的表达可能促进了肝细胞癌的侵袭转移.     

KPNA2基因沉默对人肝癌细胞株SMMC7721和Bel7404增殖和侵袭能力的影响

目的观察核转运蛋白基因α2(Karyopherinα-2,KPNA2)基因沉默对人肝癌细胞株SMMC7721和Bel7404增殖以及侵袭能力的影响。方法将KPNA2 siRNA干扰质粒用LipofectaminTM 2000方法瞬时转染人肝癌细胞株SMMC7721和Bel7404,转染后48 h应用蛋白质印迹法检测转染细胞中KPNA2蛋白表达。采用MTT法检测基因沉默细胞增殖能力,采用Transwell法检测基因沉默细胞侵袭能力。结果 SMMC7721细胞株对照组mRNA为1.02±0.13,高于siRNA转染组的0.37±0.07(t=10.78,P0.01);肝癌Bel7404细胞株对照组mRNA为1.05±0.17,高于siRNA转染组的0.36±0.06(t=9.38,P0.01)。肝癌SMMC7721细胞株对照组蛋白定量值为0.96±0.10,高于转染组的0.42±0.05(t=11.83,P0.01);肝癌Bel7404细胞株对照组蛋白定量值为0.93±0.09,高于转染组的0.48±0.06(t=10.19,P0.01)。SMMC7721和Bel7404细胞株在24、48和72 h时对照组增殖能力高于转染组,且差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。SMMC7721细胞株对照组侵袭能力值为126.20±21.61,高于siRNA转染组的51.13±10.2(t=7.68,P0.01);肝癌Bel7404细胞株对照组侵袭能力值为125.124±8.04,高于siRNA转染组的55.20±18.54(t=8.48,P0.01)。结论KPNA2基因沉默可以调节人肝癌细胞株SMMC7721和Bel7404的增殖能力和侵袭能力。     

HGF/cMet系统与肝癌细胞侵袭转移关系的实验研究

目的探讨HGF/cMet基因表达与肝癌细胞侵袭转移能力的关系.方法采用荧光定量PCR和Western Blot检测5株肝癌细胞系MHCC-1、HepG2、Huh7、SMCC-7721、Hep3B和永生化肝细胞株L02以及26份肝组织中cMet mRNA和蛋白质表达水平,同时采用免疫组化法检测26份肝组织中cMet蛋白质的表达.结果6株肝癌细胞cMet mRNA分别为7.9×106,3.4×106,2.1×106,6.5×105,3.8×105和5.8×103(copies/ml),5株肝癌细胞系cMet mRNA显著高于L02细胞系(P＜0.01),其中以转移能力较强的MHCC-1细胞系的cMet mRNA表达量最高;肝癌组织、癌旁组织及周围正常组织的cMet RNA分别为2.28×107、6.80×105、5.68×105,肝癌组织的cMet基因表达明显高于癌旁及周围正常组织(P＜0.01);在肝癌组织中,T1、T2、T3/T4期及NO、N1/N2的cMet mRNA分别为4.88×104、6.98×105、1.72×106、4.67×105、8.73×105,cMet的表达与肿瘤的大小及其侵袭能力明显正相关;Western Blot和免疫组化也显示不同肝细胞系蛋白质表达水平与cMet mRNA表达一致.结论HGF/cMet系统参与了肝癌的形成,并且在肝癌细胞的侵袭和转移的过程中起重要作用.     

miR-203a-3p对食管癌细胞侵袭迁移能力的影响及其与Survivin的靶向调控关系

目的 观察微小RNA(miR)-203a-3p对食管癌细胞侵袭、迁移能力的影响并分析其与Survivin的靶向调控关系。方法 收集对数生长期的食管癌细胞TE-1及正常食管黏膜上皮细胞HEEC,RT-qPCR法检测细胞miR-203a-3p、Survivin mRNA。双荧光素酶报告基因检测法分析miR-203a-3p与Survivin的靶向调控关系。将TE-1细胞分为对照组、miR-203a-3p模拟组、miR-203a-3p抑制组及阴性对照组。miR-203a-3p模拟组转染miR-203a-3p mimic,miR-203a-3p抑制组转染miR-203a-3p inhibitor,阴性对照组转染miR-203a-3p NC,对照组不进行转染,RT-qPCR法验证转染效率。采用MTT法检测转染后2、12、24、36、48 h的细胞活力,细胞划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力,Transwell侵袭实验检测细胞侵袭能力。结果 食管癌细胞中miR-203a-3p mRNA表达低于正常食管黏膜上皮细胞,Survivin mRNA表达高于正常食管黏膜上皮细胞（P均<0.05）。TargetSc...     

基质金属蛋白酶及组织抑制剂在肝癌中的表达及与预后的关系

目的：探讨基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs)及其组织抑制剂（TIMPs）在肝癌中的表达及其意义。方法：应用免疫组化、Northern印迹杂交及图像分析技术对人肝细胞癌（HCC）、肝癌细胞株7721、全反式维甲酸处理的7721细胞（RA－7721）和正常人肝细胞株L－02作MMP－1、2、9和TIMP－2的表达分析。结果;肝癌细胞浆内可表达MMP－1、2和9,但癌内阴性组5年生存率明显高于相应的阳性组（P＜0．05）。体外MMP－9mRNA在7721细胞表达明显高于RA－7721以及L－02细胞,而TIMP－2mRNA的表达与MMP－9相反,MMP－2mRNA在7721细胞中的表达仅略高于L－02细胞。结论：HCC组织内MMP－1和9的表达与患者的预后密切相关;癌细胞高表达MMP－9、低表达TIMP－2,可能是肝癌细胞浸润、转移的主要基础,而MMP-2并无重要作用。     

三氧化二砷对肝癌细胞侵袭转移的影响及机制

目的 探讨三氧化二砷(As2O3)抗肝癌侵袭转移的机制.方法 体外培养人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721,将0、1.0、2.0 μmol/L浓度的As2O3作用于SMMC-7721细胞,采用过河实验检测肿瘤细胞体外运动;MTT法观察细胞黏附能力;Transwell体外侵袭转移模型检测细胞迁徙、侵袭能力;并用PCR法检测乙酰肝素酶(HPA)mRNA表达.结果 0、1.0、2.0 μmol/L As2O3作用SMMC-7721细胞后,表现为过河时间延长,细胞黏附抑制率明显上升,过膜细胞数减少(P＜0.01),HPA基因表达量降低(P均＜0.01);且呈剂量依赖性.结论 As2O3可明显抑制人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721细胞黏附、迁徙和侵袭能力,下调HPA mRNA表达,此可能为其抗肿瘤侵袭转移作用的机制之一.     

肝细胞癌中XIAP mRNA及蛋白表达的意义

目的:通过检测XIAP mRNA及蛋白在肝细胞癌中的表达程度,探讨XIAP在原发性肝细胞癌发生中的作用. 方法:应用RT-PCR技术检测正常肝细胞株L-02,肝癌细胞株SMMC7721,HepG2和30例肝癌及其相应癌旁组织中XIAP mRNA的水平,同时应用免疫组织化学方法检测了上述细胞株及组织中XIAP蛋白的表达. 结果:三株细胞株均有XIAP mRNA的表达,XIAP/β-actin 均值分别为L-02:0.418±0.045,SMMC7721:0.719±0.1369, HepG2:0.654±0.055.其中L-02细胞株的XIAP mRNA水平显著低于SMMC7721及HepG2(P<0.05),两株肝癌细胞株的XIAP mRNA表达无显著性差异(P>0.05).三株细胞亦均有XIAP蛋白的表达,其细胞爬片平均光度分别为0.158±0.016,0.291±0.022,0.238±0.011,三株细胞的XIAP蛋白水平存在显著性差异(P<0.05).肝癌组织XIAP mRNA表达较癌旁组织显著升高,XIAP/β-actin均值分别为:0.587±0.064,0.313±0.059(P<0.05).免疫组化染色显示:XIAP蛋白表达主要集中在肝细胞胞质中,其在肝癌组织中的表达显著高于癌旁组织,平均光度分别为: 0.276±0.054.0.095±0.014(P<0.05). 结论:XIAPmRNA及其蛋白在肝癌组织及肝癌细胞系中表达水平明显升高,提示他可能是促进肝细胞恶变的—个重要因素.     

miR-199a-3p对脂肪变性的肝细胞TG含量及Sp1表达的影响

目的 研究miR-199a-3p对脂肪变性的肝细胞TG含量及Sp1表达的影响,明确其具体机制。方法 建立肝细胞脂肪变性体外模型。分别用miR-199a-3p模拟物、抑制剂、阴性对照(NC)及pcDNA3.1-Sp1质粒转染细胞48h,收集细胞样本,以PCR检测mRNA表达水平,Western blotting分析检测蛋白表达,试剂盒检测TG含量。结果 与NC组相比,转染miR-199a-3p模拟物后,细胞内miR-199a-3p表达显著升高(P0.05);细胞内FASN、SREBP1表达显著降低(P0.01),细胞内Sp1mRNA表达显著降低(P0.05);细胞内TG含量显著降低(P0.05);细胞内Sp1蛋白表达显著降低(P0.01)。转染miR-199a-3p抑制剂后,细胞内miR-199a-3p表达显著降低(P0.01);细胞内FASN和SREBP1表达显著升高(P0.05);细胞内TG含量显著升高(P0.05)。转染miR-199a-3p模拟物和pcDNA3.1-Sp1后,细胞内FASN及SREBP1的表达升高,细胞内TG含量显著升高,Hepa 1-6细胞内Sp1蛋白表达显著升高(P0.01)。结论 miR-199a-3p可以抑制Sp1的表达,降低脂肪变性肝细胞内TG含量,改善肝细胞脂肪变性,但其确切机制有待进一步深入研究。     

miR-194-5p靶向MEX3A调控肝癌细胞活性和凋亡的机制

目的研究miR-194-5p对肝癌细胞活性和凋亡的影响,并探讨其机制。方法运用qRT-PCR法检测肝癌细胞HepG2、正常肝细胞L02中miR-194-5p和MEX3A的表达;根据分组:miR-194-5p组(转染miR-194-5p mimics)、miR-NC组(转染miR-NC)、si-MEX3A组(转染si-MEX3A)、si-con组(转染si-con)、miR-194-5p+pcDNA-MEX3A组(共转染miR-194-5p mimics和pcDNA-MEX3A)、miR-194-5p+pcDNA组(共转染miR-194-5p mimics和pcDNA),均用脂质体法将相关质粒转染至HepG2;噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测各组细胞的活性;流式细胞术检测各组细胞的凋亡;双荧光素酶报告基因检测实验检测各组细胞的荧光活性。结果与正常肝细胞L02相比,肝癌细胞HepG2中miR-194-5p表达明显降低,MEX3A表达明显升高(P0.05);过表达miR-194-5p、敲减MEX3A均可抑制HepG2细胞的活性,促进细胞凋亡;miR-194-5p可抑制野生型MEX3A细胞的荧光活性;过表达MEX3A能逆转miR-194-5p对HepG2细胞活性的抑制和凋亡的促进作用。结论 miR-194-5p可抑制肝癌细胞的活性,促进凋亡,其机制可能与靶向MEX3A有关,将可为肝癌的治疗提供新靶点。     

PITX1和Pan-ras在肝癌细胞中的表达及意义

目的研究抑癌基因PITX1和其下游癌基因Pan-ras在正常胚肝细胞株L02，肝癌细胞株HepG2和SMMC-7721中的表达，探讨其在肝癌发生发展中的作用和关系。方法应用SABC免疫组织化学染色技术和westem blot蛋白质印迹以及半定量RT-PCR检测L02、HepG2和SMMC-7721细胞株中PITX1和Pan-ras基因的表达情况，并分析其意义。结果PITX1在肝癌细胞（HepG2、SMMC-7721）中表达比正常肝细胞L02显著降低，Pan-ras在肝癌细胞（HepG2、SMMC-7721）中的表达与正常肝细胞L02相比显著升高。结论PITX1在肝癌细胞中的低表达，以及Pan-ras的高表达，可能导致肝癌无限增殖，构成了肝癌细胞信号传导网络中的重要一环。     

Electrochemical Recovery and Behaviors of Rare Earth (La,Ce, Pr,Nd, Sm,Eu, Gd,Tb, Dy,Ho, Er,Tm, and Yb) Ions on Ni Sheets

The electrochemical behaviors of rare earth (RE) ions have extensively been studied because of their high potential applications to the reprocessing of used nuclear fuels and RE-containing materials. In the present study, we fully investigated the electrochemical behaviors of RE(III) (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb) ions over a Ni sheet electrode in 0.1 M NaClO₄ electrolyte solution by cyclic voltammetry between +0.5 and −1.5 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Amperometry electrodeposition experiments were performed between −1.2 and −0.9 V to recover RE elements over the Ni sheet. The successfully RE-recovered Ni sheets were fully characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The newly reported recovery data for RE(III) ions over a metal electrode provide valuable information on the development of the treatment methods of RE elements.     

Clinical trials update: highlights of the scientific sessions of The American College of Cardiology 2002: LIFE,DANAMI 2, MADIT-2, MIRACLE-ICD,OVERTURE, OCTAVE,ENABLE 1 & 2, CHRISTMAS,AFFIRM, RACE,WIZARD, AZACS,REMATCH, BNP trial and HARDBALL

This article continues a series of reports updating recent research developments of particular interest to personnel involved in the treatment and management of patients with heart failure. This is a summary of selected presentations made at the American College of Cardiology 51st Annual Scientific Session held in Atlanta on 17-20 March 2002. Reports of the following clinical studies are included: LIFE, DANAMI 2, MADIT-2, MIRACLE-ICD, OVERTURE, OCTAVE, ENABLE 1 & 2, CHRISTMAS, AFFIRM, RACE, WIZARD, AZACS, REMATCH, BNP trial and HARDBALL.     

Prevalence,Self-Awareness,Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in Lhasa,Tibet

To investigate the prevalence, self-awareness, and treatment of hypertension in Lhasa, Tibet, a total of 1370 native Tibetan aged ≥18 years were selected, using stratified proportional sampling. The study showed that the prevalence of hypertension was 51.2%, significantly higher in men (56.0%) than in women (48.0%) (P = .004). The hypertension prevalence increased with increasing age (77.8% in 60–74 y and 82.5% in ≥75 y groups) and was higher in urban, suburban, or agricultural area than in pastoral area (P < .001). The self-awareness, treatment, and control rate of hypertension were 63.5%, 24.3% and 7.7%, respectively. In multivariable regression analysis, age, urban residence, amount of daily intake of fat and oil, and body mass index <18.5 kg/m² were independently associated with hypertension. In conclusion, hypertension was highly prevalent among native Tibetan people in Lhasa, and the rates of self-awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were low.     

Lack of effect of colesevelam HCl on the single-dose pharmacokinetics of aspirin,atenolol, enalapril,phenytoin, rosiglitazone,and sitagliptin

Aims

Drug interactions with bile acid sequestrants are primarily due to the potential of these agents to bind to concomitant drugs. Six clinical studies were performed to determine the effects of colesevelam on the pharmacokinetics of aspirin, atenolol, enalapril, phenytoin, rosiglitazone, and sitagliptin.

Methods

All six studies enrolled healthy subjects aged 18–45 years. The phenytoin study used a single-dose, three-period crossover design (phenytoin alone, phenytoin simultaneously with colesevelam, and phenytoin 4 h before colesevelam). The other studies used a two-period crossover design (test drug alone and test drug simultaneously with colesevelam). Colesevelam (3750 mg once daily) was dosed throughout the pharmacokinetic sampling period. After each single dose of the test drug, serial blood samples were collected for determination of plasma drug concentrations and calculation of pharmacokinetic parameters.

Results

For all six test drugs, 90% CIs for geometric least-squares mean ratios of AUC and C_max for the measured analytes were within specified limits, indicating no interaction between the test drug and colesevelam.

Conclusions

Aspirin, atenolol, enalapril, rosiglitazone, and sitagliptin may be taken with colesevelam. Although the phenytoin study indicated no pharmacokinetic interaction, phenytoin should continue to be taken ≥4 h before colesevelam in accordance with current prescribing information.     

Biliary microlithiasis,sludge,crystals,microcrystallization,and usefulness of assessment of nucleation time

BACKGROUND:The process of microcrystallization,its sequel and the assessment of nucleation time is ignored.This systematic review aimed to highlight the importance of biliary microlithiasis,sludge,and crystals,and their association with gallstones,unexplained biliary pain,idiopathic pancreatitis, and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.DATA SOURCES:Three reviewers performed a literature search of the PubMed database.Key words used were"biliary microlithiasis","biliary sludge","bile crystals","cholesterol crystallisation","bile microscopy","microcrystal formation of bile","cholesterol monohydrate crystals","nucleation time of cholesterol","gallstone formation","sphincter of Oddi dysfunction"and"idiopathic pancreatitis".Additional articles were sourced from references within the studies from the PubMed search.RESULTS:We found that biliary microcrystals account for almost all patients with gallstone disease,7%to 79%with idiopathic pancreatitis,83%with unexplained biliary pain, and 25%to 60%with altered biliary and pancreatic sphincter function.Overall,the detection of biliary microcrystals in gallstone disease has a sensitivity ranging from 55%to 87%and a specificity of 100%.In idiopathic pancreatitis,the presence of microcrystals ranges from 47%to 90%.A nucleation time less than 10 days in hepatic bile or ultra-filtered gallbladder bile has a specificity of 100%for cholesterol gallstone disease.CONCLUSIONS:Biliary crystals are associated with gallstone disease,idiopathic pancreatitis,sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, unexplained biliary pain,and post-cholecystectomy biliary pain.Pathways of cholesterol super-saturation,crystallisation, and gallstone formation have been described with scientificsupport.Bile microscopy is a useful method to detect microcrystals and the assessment of nucleation time is a good method of predicting the risk of cholesterol crystallisation.     

Clinical trials update from the American College of Cardiology 2008: CARISMA, TRENDS, meta-analysis of Cox-2 studies, HAT, ON-TARGET, HYVET, ACCOMPLISH, MOMENTUM, PROTECT, HORIZON-HF and REVERSE

This article provides information and a commentary on trials relevant to the pathophysiology, prevention and treatment of heart failure, presented at the American College of Cardiology. Unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary data, as analyses may change in the final publication. CARISMA investigated the use of implantable loop recorders for detecting life-threatening arrhythmias in patients with LVSD after MI and found that brady- and ventricular tachy-arrhythmias predicted an adverse prognosis. The TRENDS study showed that the burden of atrial fibrillation detected by pacemakers or defibrillators predicted the risk of embolic events but not with sufficient precision to justify changes in anti-thrombotic management. A meta-analysis of six trials reported an increased cardiovascular risk associated with celecoxib, particularly for heart failure, which was related to dose and baseline cardiovascular risk. The HAT study failed to show a benefit of providing post-MI patients with a home defibrillator. MOMENTUM, a study of a device designed to augment aortic blood flow, was stopped early due to increased bleeding risk. Results from PROTECT support the use of rolofylline 30 mg/day in acute heart failure, a definitive study is now underway. Istaroxime, an agent that appears to have both inotropic and lusitropic effects, improved haemodynamics when added to standard therapy in patients stabilised after admission with heart failure in HORIZON-HF. The REVERSE study suggested that CRT improves ventricular function and reduces morbidity even in patients with few or no symptoms of heart failure and may delay or prevent worsening heart failure.