输尿管子宫内膜异位症的诊断及治疗进展

输尿管子宫内膜异位症(ureteral endometriosis,UE)是指具有活性的子宫内膜种植于输尿管周围或侵犯本身。其发病隐匿以及无特异性临床表现,使得诊断困难、诊断延迟导致患者肾功能无声丧失。目前对于UE的最佳治疗策略尚存在争议。本文章旨在综述UE的诊治进展,为后期临床医生选择最佳的治疗方案提供证据。     

输尿管子宫内膜异位症5例临床分析

目的:探讨输尿管子宫内膜异位症(输尿管内异症)的临床特点及诊治。方法:回顾性分析我院收治的5例输尿管内异症的临床资料。结果:5例患者均有肾积水及输尿管梗阻;4例有继发痛经;3例术前曾怀疑内异症进行过药物治疗;2例肾血流图检查提示单侧肾功能已很差;5例患者均进行了开腹手术,3例进行了全子宫双附件切除及部分输尿管切除和膀胱输尿管再植术/输尿管端端吻合术,1例部分输尿管切除及输尿管端端吻合术,1例全子宫切除及输尿管松解术;术后随诊时间超过6个月,1例未切除子宫及双附件者,术后1年出现继发痛经,另4例无症状。结论:多数输尿管内异症来自盆腔内异症的直接侵犯,当患者有盆腔内异症,且又出现输尿管梗阻,则高度提示输尿管内异症。应尽早手术治疗,解除梗阻,保护肾脏。除非患者渴望生育,一般最好同时切除全子宫双附件,防止复发。     

输尿管子宫内膜异位症的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨输尿管子宫内膜异位症(内异症)的诊断和治疗策略.方法 1983年至2010年在北京协和医院住院且经手术证实为输尿管内异症的46例患者,分析其临床表现、辅助检查、手术方式、手术发现、病理结果、术后药物治疗、复发的处理及相关因素.结果 46例患者在本院接受了 1～2次的手术治疗,其中48%(22/46)的患者术前没有能够诊断输尿管内异症,46%(21/46)的患者没有症状或仅有痛经表现.输尿管粘连松解术和开腹手术是最主要的手术类型和手术路径,分别为72%(33/46)和63%(29/46).64%(25/39)的患者仅左侧输尿管受累,80%(37/46)为外生型输尿管内异症.87%(40/46)的患者合并盆腔内异症和子宫腺肌病.总计15%(7/46)的患者复发,术后至复发时间的中位数为24个月(13～49个月);复发后均接受再次手术治疗.仅术后是否使用促性腺激素释放激素激动剂与复发有显著相关性,与术后用药的患者相比,术后没有用药的患者复发的OR值为23.2(95%CI为2.4～221.7,P=0.002).结论 输尿管内异症与生殖道内异症关系密切,发病隐匿,早期诊断困难.手术切除后盆腔深部内异症及处理卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿,对预防内异症进一步累及输尿管有意义.术后积极治疗盆腔内异症是防止复发的关键.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate strategies of diagnosis and treatment of ureter endometriosis. Methods From 1983 to 2010, the cases registered in Peking Union Medical College Hospital and confirmed as ureter endometriosis by surgery were enrolled in this study. Clinical manifestatios, preoperative examinations, surgical categories and routes, surgical and pathological findings, post-operative medical treatment, relapse and relating factors were collected and studied. Results Totally 46 patieuts with ureter endometriosis underwent one or two surgeries. Forty-eight per cent (22/46) of patients were not be diagnosed with ureter endometriosis pre-operatively, and 46% (21/46) only presented dysmenorrhea or even no symptoms. Ureterolysis (72%, 33/46) and laparotomy (63%, 29/46 ) were the most common surgical category and surgical approach. There were 64% (25/39) of patients had left ureter involved and 80% (37/46) had extrinsic ureter endometriosis. Fifteen per cent (7/46) of patients had relapsed disease with median recurrent time of 24 months (13 -49 months), and they all received second surgeries. Logistic regression analysis showed that only gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue agents were related with recurrence when compared with those patients without medical treatment post-operatively significantly ( OR =23.2, 95% CI:2. 4 -221.7, P =0. 002). Conclusions Ureter endometriosis was related with reproductive tract endometriosis. It has insidious process resulting in difficulty for early diagnosis. It's important to treat pelvic deep infiltrating endometriosis and ovarian endometrioma to prevent ureter from further involvement. Post-operative treatment of pelvic endometriosis is the key point of preventing relapse of ureter endometriosis.     

腹腔镜手术治疗子宫内膜异位症

子宫内膜异位症 (内异症 )是生育年龄妇女的常见病 ,发病率可高达 10 %～ 15 % ,它所引起的疼痛及不孕严重影响病人的生活质量。卵巢巧克力囊肿 (巧囊 )也是生育年龄妇女常见的附件包块。手术是内异症最基本的治疗方法 ,手术的同时亦可明确诊断。手术的目的是减灭和消除病灶 ,减轻和消除疼痛 ,改善和促进生育 ,减少和延迟复发。内异症可分为腹膜型、卵巢型、阴道直肠隔型及盆腔外型四种。腹腔镜以其手术效果好、术后恢复快等优点 ,不仅是内异症诊断的金标准 ,而且成为腹膜型及卵巢型内异症手术治疗的首选方式。内异症手术的指征包括 :巧囊、…     

输尿管子宫内膜异位症的治疗进展

输尿管子宫内膜异位症临床少见,症状隐匿,易漏诊而导致肾功能损害。治疗原则为切除病灶,解除梗阻,保护肾功能,防止复发。手术治疗是首选治疗方法,并配合以围手术期药物治疗。目前对于适宜的输尿管术式尚无定论,腹腔镜手术是今后输尿管子宫内膜异位症手术治疗的趋势。     

输尿管子宫内膜异位症的治疗进展

输尿管子宫内膜异位症临床少见,症状隐匿,易漏诊而导致肾功能损害.治疗原则为切除病灶,解除梗阻,保护肾功能,防止复发.手术治疗是首选治疗方法,并配合以围手术期药物治疗.目前对于适宜的输尿管术式尚无定论,腹腔镜手术是今后输尿管子宫内膜异位症手术治疗的趋势.     

卵巢型子宫内膜异位症手术相关问题

卵巢型子宫内膜异位症(简称内异症)是内异症手术最常见的一种亚型,实施手术的时机以及术中卵巢功能保护备受关注.文章以卵巢型内异症患者是否有生育要求、是否复发为切入点,分层阐述临床诊治原则及手术相关问题,并强调根据手术难度分级决定由相应手术经验的医师实施,以获得手术的质控,兼顾生育力保护及手术彻底性.     

输尿管子宫内膜异位症33例临床分析

目的探讨输尿管子宫内膜异位症（简称输尿管内异症）的诊断、治疗及预后。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2013年10月北京大学第一医院诊治的33例输尿管内异症患者的临床资料。结果患者平均年龄（41．3±5．8）岁,占同期总内异症的1．1％（33／3131）。33例患者中,6例无临床症状,27例痛经、腰腹痛及泌尿系统症状。其中输尿管内异症致左侧肾积水14例,右侧19例;输尿管下段梗阻29例,中段4例;内在型内异症9例,外在型24例。17例行肾功能检查,其中轻度损伤2例,中度3例,重度7例,无损伤5例。开腹手术18例,腹腔镜手术15例;盆腔粘连松解、输尿管病灶切除＋膀胱植入、病灶切除＋输尿管端端吻合和肾切除分别为10例、13例、6例和4例。术后随访25例（75．8％）,中位随访时间53．4个月,1例肾积水复发。结论输尿管内异症虽发病率低,但易引起较严重后果,应重视早期诊断。手术治疗为首选,可以有效保护肾功能。     

子宫内膜异位症手术治疗临床分析

子宫内膜异位症虽然疗法很多,但为其解除其疼痛,求得复孕,目前尚缺乏完善之策。尤其对中、重度的患者,其病灶较大,范围较广,纤维化严重,并伴有子宫及附件粘连者,药物治疗往往难以奏效,故采用手术疗法仍是一种主要手段。为此,我院就近五年经手术治疗,病理证实的118例盆腔子宫内膜异位症及78例术后随访的病例回顾性分析。1子宫内膜异位症的发病与以往手术的关系     

输尿管子宫内膜异位症的诊治——附3例分析

目的:探讨输尿管子宫内膜异位症诊断和治疗中应注意的问题。方法:总结3例输尿管子宫内膜异位症临床资料和随访结果,复习国内外文献报道,进行分析讨论。结果:1例为混合型输尿管子宫内膜异位症,因梗阻严重行病灶切除输尿管端端吻合术,术后配合内分泌治疗。2例为腔外型,内分泌治疗效可,其中1例配合输尿管支架管置入术。结论:争取早期发现输尿管子宫内膜异位症,在保护肾功能的前提下制订适宜的治疗方案。     

子宫内膜异位症临床诊断和早期治疗相关问题

子宫内膜异位症是妇科常见的慢性疾病之一,近年来发病率逐年升高,但其诊断困难,治疗欠佳.在成人及青少年女性中普遍存在诊断延迟的情况,相应会导致治疗延迟,引起疾病进展.子宫内膜异位症的早期诊断和早期治疗是目前亟待解决的两大问题.     

Diaphragmatic endometriosis: diagnosis, surgical management, and long-term results of treatment

OBJECTIVE: To describe symptoms, surgical diagnosis and treatment, and long-term outcome of patients with symptomatic diaphragmatic endometriosis. DESIGN: Observational follow-up study. SETTING: American tertiary referral center for the surgical treatment of endometriosis. PATIENT(S): Eight patients with diaphragmatic endometriosis causing severe or disabling symptoms. INTERVENTION(S): Laparoscopic diagnosis of diaphragmatic endometriosis followed by upper abdominal laparotomy for full-thickness resection of the diaphragm. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Reduction of several symptoms as measured on a 5-point ranked ordinal scale administered by a phone survey up to 7 years after surgery. RESULT(S): Laparoscopy from an umbilical port may identify small "sentinel lesions" of endometriosis on the anterior or mid diaphragm. Eight symptomatic patients all had significant invasive disease with dimensions up to 5 cm across of the posterior right diaphragm, which could not always be seen from the umbilical port site. All such lesions can be seen by a laparoscope placed beneath the right costal margin. Laparoscopic treatment of symptomatic disease is not rational given the posterior placement of the disease out of sight behind the liver and the full-thickness nature of the disease in all eight patients. Laparotomy with full thickness resection of the diaphragm resulted in complete eradication of symptoms in seven of eight patients, and good symptomatic reduction in one. CONCLUSION(S): Treatment of diaphragmatic endometriosis by laparotomy results in a high rate of symptom relief. Laparoscopic treatment of diaphragmatic endometriosis will result in a high rate of incomplete diagnosis and incomplete treatment with a high rate of continuing symptoms.     

Histopathology-based combined surgical approach to rectovaginal endometriosis

Objective

To describe a new surgical approach to rectovaginal endometriosis. Rectovaginal endometriosis can be infiltrative or superficial involving the bowel. Only infiltrative disease should be treated by intestinal resection. However, infiltration of endometriosis cannot be confirmed by preoperative imaging techniques.

Methods

A total of 48 women with infiltrative rectovaginal endometriosis were included in this prospective study. Surgery was performed using a newly developed technique. All bowel resections were indicated according to operative findings and not on the basis of preoperative imaging technique results.

Results

The decision for rectosigmoidal resection was based on the results of the intraoperative dissection of the rectovaginal septum. Histologically, infiltration of the ventral bowel wall was confirmed in all cases.

Conclusion

This new surgical technique for the treatment of rectovaginal endometriosis allows precise diagnosis and treatment with low morbidity. A resection of the mesorectum is not necessary because the endometriotic nodules are always located on the antimesenteric surface of the bowel.     

Laparoscopic surgery for subfertility related to endometriosis: A meta-analysis

ObjectiveEndometriosis is the presence of an endometrial gland or stroma in sites other than the uterine cavity and it is frequently diagnosed in infertile women. It has not been well established whether laparoscopic surgery improves fertility. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of laparoscopic surgery for subfertility related to endometriosis.Materials and methodsMain electronic databases were searched for randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials. Trials were included if they were randomized or nonrandomized controlled trials that compared the effectiveness of laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of subfertility associated with endometriosis versus other treatment methods or diagnostic laparoscopy only. Six studies were included in this meta-analysis. Outcomes analyzed included live birth rate, pregnancy rate, fetal losses, and surgical complications.ResultsAn overall advantage of laparoscopic surgery was demonstrated when analyzing live birth rate [relative risk (RR) 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26–1.84, p < 0.01]. An increase in pregnancy rate after laparoscopic surgery was seen (RR of 1.44, 95% CI 1.24–1.68, p < 0.01). No significant difference in foetal losses.ConclusionThe use of laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of subfertility related to minimal endometriosis may increase the chances of future pregnancy and live birth.     

The impact of deep disease on surgical treatment of endometriosis

Objective

To compare the difficulty of surgery in patients with and without deeply infiltrating endometriosis.

Study design

Prospective cohort study performed in one hospital specialized in the surgical treatment of endometriosis. 193 consecutive patients undergoing excision of all visible endometriosis by laparoscopy (176 patients, 91.2%) or by laparotomy (17 patients, 8.2%). The duration of surgery, the number of operations, the number of day-surgery operations, the need to operate with a surgeon, the ability to perform complete excision during one operation, and the ability to perform operation by laparoscopy were compared in patients with and without deep lesions.

Results

The mean duration of surgery was 192 (SD 96), and 76 (SD 41) min in patients with and without deep lesions (p < 0.001). Ureterolysis (66% vs. 20%, p < 0.001), division of adhesions (92% vs. 69%, p < 0.001), and hysterectomy (32% vs., 8%, p < 0.001), were more often performed on patients with deep lesions. 41 patients (42%) with deep lesions, and 1 patient (1%) without deep lesions were operated with a surgeon (p < 0.001). Day-surgery was less often performed on patients with deep lesions (11% vs. 45%, p < 0.001). Complete excision during one operation was performed on 95% and on 97% of the patients with and without deep lesions (p = 1.0). Complete excision was less often performed by laparoscopy in patients with deep lesions (79% vs. 95%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Surgical treatment of deep lesions is more demanding and time-consuming than surgical treatment of other types of endometriosis, and collaboration with a surgeon is often necessary. Complete excision during one operation is a realistic goal for endometriosis surgery, but it is significantly less often achievable by laparoscopy in patients with deep lesions than in patients without deep lesions.