不同部位及手术方式对胸腔镜肺癌根治术并发乳糜胸的影响分析

目的 探讨不同部位及手术方式（肺段组与肺叶组、左侧与右侧组）对胸腔镜肺癌根治术并发乳糜胸的发生率、治疗和转归的影响。方法 回顾分析2015年1月～2021年12月中国科学院大学宁波华美医院收治2472例肺癌根治术后并发38例乳糜胸,其中肺段切除和肺叶切除各1236例,左侧胸腔镜肺癌根治手术952例,右侧胸腔镜肺癌根治手术1520例,肺段切除+系统性淋巴结根治并发16例乳糜胸,肺叶切除+系统性淋巴结根治并发22例乳糜胸,左侧胸腔镜肺癌手术后并发8例乳糜胸,右侧胸腔镜肺癌手术后并发30例乳糜胸的临床资料。结果 胸腔镜肺癌术后乳糜胸的总发生率为1.54%,肺段组术后乳糜胸的发生率为1.29%,肺叶组为1.78%,两者无显著差异（P=0.32）。左侧胸腔镜肺癌术后乳糜胸的发生率为0.63%,右侧胸腔镜肺癌术后乳糜胸的发生率为2.11%,两者有显著差异（P<0.001）;所有病例均行保守治疗成功,无死亡病例。结论 肺癌术后乳糜胸的发生和肺癌手术部位明显相关,与手术方式无明显相关;肺癌术后乳糜胸的营养支持治疗使保守治疗的有效率不断提高。     

肺癌术后乳糜胸的诊治

1996年 3月至 2 0 0 1年 3月 ,我们手术治疗 1 1 2 0例肺癌病人 ,发生乳糜胸 8例 ,占 0 71 %。现总结报道如下。临床资料　 8例中男 7例 ,女 1例 ;年龄 33～ 72岁。其中左全肺切除 1例 ,左上叶切除 3例 ,右上叶切除 2例 ,右中下叶切除 2例。均广泛清扫纵隔及隆凸下淋巴结 ,但术后病理证实仅 4例有淋巴结转移。病人术后每日胸腔引流量大于1 0 0 0ｍｌ者 2例 ,另 6例均在 1 0 0～ 60 0ｍｌ间。 5例为典型的乳白色浊液 ,另 3例为淡红或灰黄色液。经实验室检查 ,诊断为乳糜胸。结果　 6例病人经保守治疗 1周痊愈 ;1例第 3ｄ仍引流出乳白色液 1 …     

肺癌根治术后乳糜胸八例的诊治

我院自1998年3月～2005年3月，行肺癌根治术3000例，术后发生乳糜胸8例（0．27％），现将治疗经验总结如下。     

电视胸腔镜手术治疗自发性乳糜胸4例报告

目的探讨电视胸腔镜手术治疗自发性乳糜胸的可行性. 方法 2000年4月～2003年10月,电视胸腔镜手术治疗自发性乳糜胸4例. 结果 4例手术均成功,手术时间分别为40、52、55、95 min,平均60.5 min.术后引流3～8 d,平均5.2 d.术后住院8～13 d,平均10.5 d.无严重并发症及手术死亡. 结论电视胸腔镜治疗自发性乳糜胸,创伤小、术后恢复快.     

肺癌与食管癌术后乳糜胸的比较

目的：探讨肺癌术后乳糜胸（肺癌组）与食管癌术后乳糜胸（食管癌组）的临床特点。方法：回顾分析4084例肺癌术后12例,以及4479例食管癌术后52例乳糜胸的临床特点。结果：肺癌组术后乳糜胸的发生率为0.29％,食管癌组为1.16％。肺癌组术后4d内确诊4例,食管癌组为40例（77％）。肺癌组出现典型乳糜样胸水者占83.3％,而食管癌组为5.8％。肺癌组患者的临床症状及体征明显较食管癌组轻。肺癌组再手术率为16.7％,食管癌组为96.2％。本组所有病例均痊愈出院。结论：肺癌术后乳糜胸的发生率、病因、临床表现、诊断、及治疗与食管癌术后乳糜胸有明显不同。     

肺癌术后并发乳糜胸23例临床分析

乳糜胸是胸外科手术后严重并发症之一，但肺癌术后发生者较少约占0．1％～1．5％。近年随着肺癌手术适应证扩大及对纵隔淋巴结清扫的重视，乳糜胸发生率明显增加。我院自1996年3月至2005年2月，行肺癌手术2456例，并发乳糜胸者23例（0．94％）。现对23例乳糜胸患者的临床资料回顾分析如下。     

食管癌术后乳糜胸的治疗

1988～2002年我院共收治了中上段食管癌301例，5例发生乳糜胸，发生率为1．66％，现将其治疗方法总结如下：     

食管癌术后乳糜胸的治疗

目的探讨食管癌术后乳糜胸的治疗方法和效果。方法回顾分析湖北医药学院附属襄阳一医院684例食管癌术后并发乳糜胸18例患者的临床资料,其中男12例,女6例;年龄57.5(38～66)岁。食管上段癌2例,食管中段癌15例,食管下段癌1例。所有患者均行左胸径路食管癌根治术,术中均未见明确的胸导管损伤,未行预防性胸导管结扎。结果 18例均先行保守治疗,10例痊愈;再手术治疗8例,手术时间60～90 min,术后无感染等并发症发生,住院时间8～10 d;7例治愈,1例死于术后吻合口瘘。17例治愈患者3个月后复查无乳糜胸再发。结论食管癌术后乳糜胸患者有必要早期行10 d严格、正规的保守治疗,经保守治疗后乳糜液量仍>800 ml/d者应及时再手术治疗,手术方式以右胸径路、膈上低位胸导管结扎术为宜。     

肺切除术后乳糜胸的临床诊治

1954年1月至2005年2月，我们行肺切除术18985例，其中32例并发乳糜胸，占同期肺切除术的0．17％。采取保守治疗19例、手术治疗13例，疗效满意，现报道如下。     

电视胸腔镜手术在肺癌治疗中的应用

电视胸腔镜手术（video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery，VATS）是一种微创、安全、可行的技术。随着手术器械和技巧的日趋改进，电视胸腔镜在临床的应用越来越广泛。本文就电视胸腔镜手术在肺癌治疗中的应用作一综述。     

小切口电视胸腔镜辅助与传统开胸肺癌根治术的比较

目的探讨小切口电视胸腔镜辅助肺癌根治术的临床价值。方法2005年1月～2006年6月收治49例I、Ⅱ期非小细胞肺癌,22例在小切口(腋前线肋间6～8cm)辅助电视胸腔镜下行肺叶切除术及肺门纵隔淋巴结清扫(VATS组),27例在常规开胸手术下完成肺叶切除术及淋巴结清扫(传统开胸组),比较2种术式肺功能和C反应蛋白(C reactiveprotein,CRP)的变化。结果胸腔镜组2例为方便安全地处理肺门血管将小切口扩大至12～15cm。2组患者术后血清CRP浓度明显升高,第1天达到峰值,胸腔镜组CRP术后1d(56.1±10.9)mg/L,显著低于传统开胸组(73.8±15.1)mg/L(t=-4.603,P=0.000)。2组术后肺功能每分钟通气量相对值(minute ventilation volume,MV)、1秒用力呼气容积相对值(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)下降,术后1周时胸腔镜组MV为(95.6±16.4)L,显著高于传统开胸组(81.9±12.7)L(t=3.296,P=0.002),胸腔镜组FEV1为(57.1±5.7)%,显著高于传统开胸组(51.4±6.9)%(t=3.105,P=0.003)。结论与常规开胸肺癌根治术相比,小切口电视胸腔镜辅助肺叶切除术适合于早中期肺癌,疗效确切,可明显减少病人的手术创伤,可以作为非小细胞型肺癌的一种常规的治疗手段。     

Single-incision versus multiport video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in the treatment of lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives: Recent studies compared single-incision thoracoscopic surgery (SITS) with more widely used conventional multiport video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in the treatment of lung cancer. To establish the safety and feasible of SITS in the treatment of lung cancer, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: Eleven studies were identified from the databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, SpringerLink, and ScienceDirect. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies evaluated the outcomes of SITS compared with multiport video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in the treatment of lung cancer were included for analysis. Odds ratio (OR, used to compare dichotomous variables) and weight mean difference (WMD, used to compare continuous variables) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) based on intention-to-treat analysis.

Results: Eleven studies including 1314 patients were included for analysis. Our analysis showed that the operative time, blood loss amount, mean duration of chest tube, lymph nodes retrieved were similar between two approaches, the SITS pulmonary resection might be associated with shorter hospital stay (p?=?.008) and lower complication rate (p?=?.009) when compared with conventional multiport video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery approaches.

Conclusions: In selected patients SITS is safe, feasible and may be considered an alternative to multiport VATS.     

Early endoscopic treatment of chylothorax develops after surgical treatment of lung cancer patients

Objective: Chylothorax which occasionally develops after surgical treatment of lung cancer is generally treated conservatively, and surgical treatment is limited to patients who do not respond well to conservative treatment. Subjects and Methods: Of the 941 lung cancer operation, 6 patients in whom Chylothorax developed after surgical treatment of lung cancer were evaluated for its characteristics and outcome. Results: Two patients underwent thoracoscopic treatment. The duration of drainage was shorter for the 2 patients undergoing chylothorax operation than for the 4 patients who underwent conservative treatment. The mean duration of hospitalization after surgical treatment of lung cancer was 24 days for the patients who underwent conservative treatment alone and 12.5 days for the patients who underwent chylothorax operation. conclusion: Patients in whom chylothorax develops after surgical treatment of lung cancer should promptly undergo operation when the volume of chylous fluid is not decreased by conservative treatment.     

电视胸腔镜手术与开胸手术治疗肺癌的创伤程度比较

目的：比较电视胸腔镜手术与开胸手术治疗肺癌的创伤程度。方法将本院2010年2月~2013年6月本院收治的70例肺癌患者分为对照组和观察组,每组各35例,对照组患者给予开胸手术治疗,观察组患者给予电视胸腔镜手术治疗,比较两组患者血清、胸水中IL-6、α1-AT的变化。结果观察组患者术后1、3d时,血清、胸水的IL-6、α1-AT均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论电视胸腔镜手术治疗肺癌校开胸手术对患者的创伤程度小。     

Very long-term outcomes of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer

Background  The most critical parameter in the evaluation of the feasibility of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy for lung cancer is long-term outcome. In this study, patients in whom more than 5 years had elapsed since they had undergone VATS lobectomy for lung cancer were identified, and the 5-year survival rate and frequency of recurrence were evaluated as the long-term outcomes; in addition, the frequency of perioperative complications were also evaluated as the short-term outcomes. Methods  The stage, histology, perioperative complications, recurrence, and survival data were carefully reviewed in 198 patients who underwent VATS lobectomy for lung cancer between 1998 and 2002. Results  Median postoperative follow-up period was 72.1 months. Of the 198 patients, 138 and 30 were diagnosed as having p-stage IA and IB disease, respectively, while the remaining 30 patients had more advanced disease. Perioperative complications were observed in 20 patients (10.1%), however, there were no perioperative mortalities. Recurrence was observed in 26 patients (13.1%): of these, 11 patients showed local recurrence, including malignant pleural effusion and mediastinal lymph node recurrence, and 16 patients showed distant metastasis, the lung being the commonest site of metastasis; six patients had both local recurrence and distant metastasis. During the study period, there were 26 deaths (13.1%), of which 17 were due to lung cancer and 9 were due to other causes. The 5-year overall survival rates of the patients with p-stage IA and IB disease were 93.5% and 81.6%, respectively. Conclusion  VATS lobectomy for the treatment of lung cancer is as feasible and safe as open lobectomy in terms of both very long- and short-term outcomes.     

经剑突下与经肋间单孔胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌的对照研究

目的比较经剑突下单孔胸腔镜(SUVATS)与经肋间单孔胸腔镜(IUVATS)肺叶切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌的效果。方法纳入2019年7月1~31日于上海市肺科医院胸外科行单孔胸腔镜肺叶切除的428例非小细胞肺癌患者,按术式不同,将患者分为SUVATS组[80例,男42例、女38例,年龄(58.8±9.6)岁]和IUVATS组[348例,男161例、女187例,年龄(61.2±10.0)岁]。比较两组的临床效果。结果两组患者在性别(P=0.314)、年龄(P=0.052)、术前肺功能(P=0.701)、慢性合并症(合并心血管疾病,P=0.775;合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病,P=0.678)和术后病理类型(P=0.132)等方面差异无统计学意义。与IUVATS组比较,SUVATS组手术时间更长[(155.6±34.4)min vs.(141.3±27.0)min,P<0.001],术中出血量较少[(165.2±160.6)mL vs.(223.7±272.4)mL,P<0.001],置管时间更短[(4.3±2.0)d vs.(4.9±1.9)d,P=0.011];术后8 h(P<0.001)、1 d(P=0.019)、2 d(P=0.015)和出院前1 d(P<0.001)疼痛评分较低。结论采用SUVATS行肺叶切除安全有效,术后疼痛减轻,可有效促进患者快速康复。     

《单孔胸腔镜手术治疗肺癌中国专家共识》解读

单孔胸腔镜手术是肺癌微创治疗的重要方式.2010年,单孔胸腔镜手术首次应用于肺癌治疗;2019年、2020年,欧洲共识和中国共识相继发表.最新发表的中国共识分别从单孔胸腔镜手术的定义、用于肺癌治疗的适应证、安全性及可行性、手术技巧、学习曲线、短期及长期结果等方面为单孔胸腔镜手术标准化提供建议,对提高手术质量及减少相关并...     

Comparison between robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for mediastinal and hilar lymph node dissection in lung cancer surgery

 Open in a separate windowOBJECTIVESLymph node dissection (LND) with robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS) in lung cancer surgery has not been fully evaluated. The aim of this study was to compare LND surgical results between video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and RATS.METHODSWe retrospectively compared perioperative parameters, including the incidence of LND-associated complications (chylothorax, recurrent and/or phrenic nerve paralysis and bronchopleural fistula), lymph node (LN) counts and postoperative locoregional recurrence, among 390 patients with primary lung cancer who underwent lobectomy and mediastinal LND by RATS (n = 104) or VATS (n = 286) at our institution.RESULTSThe median total dissected LN numbers significantly differed between the RATS and the VATS groups (RATS: 18, VATS: 15; P < 0.001). They also significantly differed in right upper zone and hilar (#2R + #4R + #10L) (RATS: 12, VATS: 10; P = 0.002), left lower paratracheal and hilar (#4L + #10L) (RATS: 4, VATS: 3; P = 0.019), aortopulmonary zone (#5 + #6) (RATS: 3, VATS: 2; P = 0.001) and interlobar and lobar (#11 + #12) LNs (RATS: 7, VATS: 6; P = 0.041). The groups did not significantly differ in overall nodal upstaging (P = 0.64), total blood loss (P = 0.69) or incidence of LND-associated complications (P = 0.77).CONCLUSIONSIn this comparison, it was suggested that more LNs could be dissected using RATS than VATS, especially in bilateral superior mediastinum and hilar regions. Accumulation of more cases and longer observation periods are needed to verify whether RATS can provide the acceptable quality of LND and local control of lung cancer.