2022年V1版《NCCN小细胞肺癌临床实践指南》更新解读北大核心CSCD

由美国国家综合癌症网络(National Comprehensive Cancer Network,NCCN)牵头制定的2022年V1最新版《NCCN小细胞肺癌临床实践指南》(以下简称为《指南》)刚发布。该指南以高质量的循证医学证据为基础,为全球临床医师提供临床诊治参考,受到了广泛认可和肯定。相比于2021年V3版,《指南》有了较多重要信息的更新修订,主要集中于放疗和全身治疗进展。本文将对该新版《指南》更新内容进行解读。     

2021年V1版《NCCN非小细胞肺癌临床诊治指南》更新解读

美国国家综合癌症网络(National Comprehensive Cancer Network,NCCN)根据新的临床证据,更新发布的《NCCN非小细胞肺癌临床诊治指南》已成为全球临床医师遵循和认可的临床诊治参考.2020年11月25日,最新的2021年V1版《NCCN非小细胞肺癌临床诊治指南》(下文简称为《指南》)...     

2023年第2版《NCCN肿瘤临床实践指南：肺癌筛查》更新解读

肺癌是我国男性发病率第一、男性女性死亡率第一的恶性肿瘤,且发病率和死亡率仍在上升,肺癌筛查是早期发现肺癌与改善预后的重要举措。美国国立综合癌症网络（National Comprehensive Cancer Network,NCCN）每年更新《NCCN肺癌筛查临床实践指南》,2023年第2版于2023年5月发布。该指南依据最新研究进展以及高级别循证医学证据,制定肺癌尤其是肺癌中最常见和最受关注的非小细胞肺癌筛查标准,受到全球医生的广泛关注。本文将基于我国国情和中国肺癌筛查指南,对最新版《NCCN肺癌筛查临床实践指南》进行解读,以期为我国肺癌筛查工作提供最新参考。     

2021年V2版NCCN结肠癌临床实践指南更新解读

结直肠癌约占全球每年新增癌症病人和因癌死亡人数的10％.目前已成为继肺癌、前列腺癌(男性)、乳腺癌(女性)之后的最常见的癌症死亡原因,全球范围内每年有近90万人因之死亡.近年来,由于人口老龄化和饮食习惯转变、肥胖、缺乏运动锻炼和吸烟等危险因素,我国结肠癌发病率呈上升态势.通过结肠镜检、早期筛查等手段可以有效发现结肠癌,...     

美国国家综合癌症网络临床实践指南:非小细胞肺癌(2021V1)更新解读

在世界范围内,肺癌是最常见的癌症,预计2020年美国将有606520人死于癌症,而其中几乎四分之一的死因是肺癌[1].肺癌在组织病理学上主要分为非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC )和小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer,SCLC),其中,非小细胞肺癌约占...     

2016年NCCN乳腺癌临床实践指南（第1版）更新与解读

2016年美国国家综合癌症网络（NCCN）乳腺癌临床实践指南（第1版）更新涉及诊断与评估,外科手术,新辅助化疗,辅助化、放疗,靶向治疗,内分泌治疗,晚期解救治疗及随访等方面。回顾NCCN乳腺癌临床实践指南引进中国的10年历程,从依据肿瘤TNM分期实施群体治疗,到推荐参考肿瘤病理学免疫组化结果实施分类治疗,标志我国乳腺癌临床诊治逐渐进入规范化、专业化阶段。第二代测序技术联合其他非解剖学信息,建立个体化预后评价系统,是美国癌症联合会（AJCC）和国际抗癌联盟（UICC）联合制定的第8版TNM分期系统的更新亮点。其中,推荐针对包括乳腺癌在内7类肿瘤作为研究方向,对乳腺癌本质的深入认识将推动乳腺癌进入个体化诊治新阶段。     

第二届NCCN亚洲学术会议——非小细胞肺癌解读

1．目前不推荐在临床实践中常规开展CT筛查戒烟可能已经是老生常谈的话题了,但Ettinger教授仍然强调了戒烟在肺癌预防中的重要性。另外,早发现、早诊断对于降低肺癌发病率的重要性不言而喻,NCCN指南指出,基于人群的筛查适用于肺癌,但是CT筛查是否能降低肺癌死亡率尚无定论,2009版指南更新增加了“现有数据不一致,因此,有必要通过正在进行的全国性试验的结论性数据,明确低剂量CT肺癌筛查相关获益与风险”的表述。     

第二届NCCN亚洲学术会议——非小细胞肺癌解读

1．目前不推荐在临床实践中常规开展CT筛查 戒烟可能已经是老生常谈的话题了,但Ettinger教授仍然强调了戒烟在肺癌预防中的重要性。另外,早发现、早诊断对于降低肺癌发病率的重要性不言而喻,NCCN指南指出,基于人群的筛查适用于肺癌,但是CT筛查是否能降低肺癌死亡率尚无定论,     

胃癌NCCN临床实践指南2009版解读

NCCN即美国癌症综合网（National Comprehensive Cancer Network）．是由美国最顶尖的21家美国癌症中心组成的学术联盟。该组织通过文献回顾、专家共识等对常见恶性肿瘤的诊断、治疗进展每年进行更新,“为医生和患者提供当前最佳的治疗建议,改善和提高肿瘤治疗水平”。2007年NCCN首次和中国肿瘤专家合作,推出NCCN中国版,     

Progress in lung cancer: Non-oat cell (non-small cell lung cancer)

Lung cancer remains the greatest killing cancer in the United States with 149,000 new cases expected in 1987. The present expected mortality rate is 87 per cent. More women in the United States died of lung cancer than breast cancer in 1986. Asymptomatic, early and curable lung cancer in high risk individuals is usually found by routine chest X-ray. So-called Stage I lung cancer was reported to have a 83 per cent survival rate at three years by Martini and Beattie in 1977 and 70 per cent five year survival rate subsequently. When the more than 30,000 volunteer males were enrolled in the National Cancer Institute, national lung program for screening, 223 unsuspected lung cancers were found. 47 per cent were Stage I with a survival rate at five years of over 76 per cent. The PMI-Strang/Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center study found 53 cancers in its first screen and 235 lung cancers over the next eight years of the study. Forty per cent were Stage I with a five year survival rate of 70 per cent. Sputum cytology as compared to chest X-ray was of little additional value. Studies (Martini) of N1 lung cancer was found to have a 49 per cent survival rate following resection. The N2 group of lung cancers where the mediastinal tumor was surgically removable and followed by external radiation therapy had a 27 per cent survival rate at five years. Those tumors with solitary brain metastases where the solitary brain metastasis could be resected and the primary tumor controlled, gave a 27 per cent survival rate at six years. The group of advanced N2 disease where the mediastinum could not be completely cleared were a serious group of cancers. A study of 100 patients treated from 1977 to 1980 with surgery plus internal radiotherapy followed by external radiotherapy had an overall 22 per cent survival rate for four to eight years with most of the deaths occurring because of metastases outside the chest. More recently chemotherapy has been used pre-operatively for those individuals with advanced lung cancer in the chest then followed by a combination of surgery, internal radiotherapy, external radiotherapy and more chemotherapy, if chemotherapy sensitive. This is the so-called multidisciplinary approach. In our present early studies it seems that those so treated who are chemotherapy sensitive have a 44 per cent, two year survival rate in a group of patients considered to have extremely poor prognosis. Director Kriser Lung Cancer Center, Chief Thoracic Surgery, Director Clinical Cancer Programs, Beth Israel Medical Center Chief Medical Officer Emeritus, Attending Surgeon, Member of Board of Overseers, Memorial-Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center This report is the gist of a paper read by E.J.B. at the 87th Annual Congress of the Japanese Surgical Society, Tokyo, Japan, 1987.     

VATS is an adequate oncological operation for stage I non-small cell lung cancer

Objectives: This study was designed to determine the long-term prognosis of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) vs. open lung resections for patients with pathological stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and methods: The medical records of all patients who underwent lung resection for a pathological stage I NSCLC were reviewed for the period from 1990 to 1999, by screening of a database into which data were entered prospectively. There were 511 patients (430 males and 81 females) whose age averaged 63±10 years who underwent 515 lung resections. Our VATS experience began in 1993 with selected stage I patients, and since that date an average of one patient on four was managed with VATS. Lung resections consisted of 25 wedge resections or segmentectomies (seven VATS), 390 lobectomies (92 VATS), 19 bilobectomies (one VATS) and 81 pneumonectomies (ten VATS). Lymph node dissection was performed in all cases. Results: There were significantly more females (P=0.01) and adenocarcinoma (P=0.02) in the VATS group (n=110) when compared to the open group (n=405). Tumour size averaged 4±2 cm in the open group and 3±2 cm in the VATS group (P=0.04). The distribution of T1/T2 tumours was 97/308 and 50/60, respectively (P=0.0001). At follow-up, cancer recurrence could be documented in 117 patients, with no difference of incidence between the two groups (22.5 vs. 24.5%; P=0.64). Estimated Kaplan–Meier 5-year survival rates, including the operative mortality as well as any cancer-related and unrelated death, were 62.8% (confidence interval (CI): 56.8–68.7%) vs. 62.9% (CI: 51.4–74.4%), respectively (P=0.60). The advent of VATS did not influence the patients' survival: 5-year survival rate was 63.9% (CI: 55.3–72.5%) for the period from 1990 to 1992, and 58.8% (CI: 51.7–65.9%) for the period from 1993 to 1999 (P=0.65). Subgroups survival analysis according to the T status did not show any statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: VATS lung resection with lymph node dissection achieved a 5-year survival similar to that achieved by the conventional approach. VATS is a valuable option for the management of selected patients with an early-stage NSCLC.     

Disparity between pre-existing management of penile cancer and NCCN guidelines

Objective

To determine the locoregional management of penile cancer before the introduction of NCCN guidelines and how much shift in practice patterns is required to meet the guidelines.

Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for stage I non-small cell lung cancer

Objective: Surgery constitutes the mainstay of treatment in stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, a significant fraction of patients after surgical resection die mainly due to systemic relapse. Nonetheless, the best adjuvant treatment to improve survival and decrease relapse rate remains as an ever controversial issue. Therefore, we conducted a randomized trial to determine whether postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is beneficial in prolonging survival and decreasing recurrence in patients with completely resected stage I NSCLC. Methods: It was designed as a randomized, prospective two-armed study with surgery only (control group, 59 patients) versus surgery plus adjuvant MVP (mitomycin C, vinblastin and cisplatin) chemotherapy (study group, 59 patients). Results: Data for all the patients were complete. Twenty-four patients in the control group and nine patients in the study group experienced tumor recurrence during the follow-up. Neither histological type nor surgical extent correlated with recurrence. However, the addition of adjuvant MVP chemotherapy could decrease the rate of recurrence and the incidence of cancer-related death after surgery in the patients of stage I NSCLC (P<0.05). We followed up at least 5 years, and the duration of mean follow-up was 7.3 years. The rates of the loco-regional and distant metastases were 3.4 and 40.7% in the control group, and 3.4 and 11.9% in the study group, respectively. The 5- and 10-year survival rates were 74.6 and 56.3% in the control group, and 81.4 and 65.0% in the study group, respectively (P=0.19, log-rank test). The 5- and 10-year disease-free survival rates were 64.8 and 54.8% in the control group, and 88.8 and 76.8% in the study group, respectively (P=0.002, log-rank test). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the addition of adjuvant MVP chemotherapy may reduce the incidence of distant metastasis and prolong the disease-free survival of the patients with stage I NSCLC after surgery.     

78例NSCLC血清VEGF表达临床意义分析

目的检测非小细胞肺癌患者化疗前外周血血管内皮生长因子的水平,探讨其与化疗疗效、预后的关系。方法鹪联免疫吸附试验检测78例NSCLC患者化疗前血清VEGF水平,并采用x2检验、Kaplan—Meier生存曲线比较与VEGF表达相关因素及其对生存期的影响。结果在NSCLC中,血清VEGF阳性率为30．8％（24／78）。VEGF的表达与淋出结转移、远处转移、TNM分期、化疗疗效密切相关,但与年龄、性别、病理类型等无关。VEGF阳性组的生存期与阴性绀相比接近统计学意义（P=0．0741）。结论检测NSCLC患者外周血VEGF,可能有利于协助预测转移、评价化疗疗效及判断预后。     

Prognostic value of visceral pleura invasion in non-small cell lung cancer

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to clarify the prognostic significance of visceral pleura invasion in T2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and methods: Between 1990 and 2001, 439 consecutive patients with T2 NSCLC underwent curative surgical resection. The subjects included 234 patients with stage IB, 95 with stage IIB, and 110 with stage IIIA and B disease. The patients were divided into two groups according to the existence of visceral pleura invasion (group I without, group II with). Both groups were compared with regard to tumor size, histology, associated mediastinal lymph node involvement, and survival rates. Results: Visceral pleura invasion (group II) was identified in 114 patients (26%), and was present in 22% of patients with NSCLC with a tumor size of 3 cm or less and in 27% of those with a tumor larger than 3 cm (P=0.37). Visceral pleura invasion was associated with a higher frequency of mediastinal lymph node involvement (group I=22%, group II=34%, P=0.009). Five- and 10-year survival rates were 50 and 45% in group I, and 36 and 22% in group II (P=0.0006). In stage IB, visceral pleura invasion was identified in 53 patients (23%), and 5- and 10-year survival rates were 63 and 60% in the visceral pleura non-invasion group, and 44 and 28% in visceral pleura invasion group (P=0.0018). By multivariate Cox model analysis, age at intervention (relative RISK=1.03, P=0.0017), N status (relative RISK=1.53, P<0.0001), tumor size (relative RISK=1.83, P=0.0452) and visceral pleura invasion (relative RISK=1.42, P=0.0291) were independent predictors of poor prognosis. Conclusions: We were able to demonstrate that visceral pleura invasion was a factor of poor prognosis in T2 NSCLC. It was found to correlate with more extensive mediastinal lymph node involvement and a decreased survival rates. Therefore, the patients with visceral pleura invasion should be closely followed up especially.     

非小细胞肺癌分期的分子影像学研究进展

分子影像学是当今医学研究的热点之一。本文主要综述几种常用分子影像学成像技术在非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）TNM分期中的应用。     

非小细胞肺癌循环肿瘤细胞的定量检测

目的 探讨非小细胞肺癌循环肿瘤细胞(CTCs)定量检测方法 .方法 CD45免疫磁珠阴性分选组20例,CD326免疫磁珠阳性分选组25例,均为明确诊断的非小细胞肺癌患者.磁性分离富集后肺静脉与外周静脉血标本应用多参数流式细胞仪对CTCs进行定量检测.结果 阴性分选由于只能去除CD45阳性细胞,回收目的 细胞纯度低.阳性分选组中25例术中肺静脉血CTCs定量检测阳性率为64%(16/25),外周静脉血CTCs阳性率40%(10/25,P＜0.05).结论 免疫磁珠富集联合流式细胞分析检测CTCs的敏感性和特异性较高.     

晚期非小细胞肺癌抗血管生成治疗:文献复习及病例报道

【摘要】〓肺癌是我国死亡率最高的癌症,其中非小细胞肺癌占多数。近年来研究表明,抗血管生成药物在多种实体瘤包括非小细胞肺癌中表现出了显著的疗效。阿帕替尼作用于血管内皮生长因子受体(VEGFR),临床研究证实目前其主要适应症为晚期胃癌。近年来在晚期非小细胞肺癌患者中应用阿帕替尼的临床实践日益增多,但相关报道极少。现将本院在晚期非小细胞肺癌中应用阿帕替尼的临床病例报告如下并做相关文献复习。