Anomalous origin of anterior choroidal artery

Summary We report a very rare case of anomalous origin of anterior choroidal artery. In our case anterior choroidal artery arises from internal carotid artery proximal to the posterior communicating artery.     

破裂的脉络膜前动脉分支假性动脉瘤的血管内治疗1例

临床资料 患者女,67岁,因“突发头痛、恶心、呕吐10 h”于2016年6月15日转入我院,入院查体:嗜睡,唤醒后可正确回答简单问题,颈稍强,双侧瞳孔等大等圆,对光反射稍迟钝,四肢肌力、肌张力正常,病理征阴性.头颅CT平扫提示.鞍上池、环池、外侧裂少量出血,脑组织肿胀;头颅CTA及DSA提示:左侧大脑中主干闭塞并周围烟雾血管形成、脉络膜前动脉分支动脉瘤、脉络膜前动脉通过分支与大脑中动脉吻合.     

Endovascular coil embolization for anterior choroidal artery aneurysms

Introduction We retrospectively evaluated the ischemic complications related to the anterior choroidal artery (AChA) and clinical outcome after coiling of AChA aneurysms. Methods We included 37 patients (27 with subarachnoid hemorrhage, 10 without) harboring 38 AChA aneurysms (23 ruptured, 15 unruptured) who were treated by coiling at four institutions. Ischemic complications related to the AChA and clinical outcomes were retrospectively evaluated. Results Intraprocedural transient AChA occlusion occurred in five aneurysms, all of which had AChA incorporated into the aneurysm neck. Two of the five patients suffered postprocedural transient contralateral hemiparesis, but recovered completely. The remaining three patients had no postprocedural symptoms. Incidence of transient AChA occlusion was significantly higher in those aneurysms in which the AChA was incorporated into aneurysm neck (group 2) than in those in which the AChA was not incorporated (group 1). Of the 37 patients, 31 (83.8%) had good recoveries (modified Rankin scale score 0–2). Two patients died from the consequences of subarachnoid hemorrhage. During follow-up for a mean of 27 months (range 4–72 months), none of the 35 living patients re-bled. A total of 29 aneurysms in 28 patients were followed-up angiographically. Recurrences were found in 5 of the 29 aneurysms during follow-up (mean 18 months, range 6–45 months). Re-embolization achieved near complete occlusion of two recurrent aneurysms, both of which were still stable at the time of the next two follow-up angiographies. The other three recurrent aneurysms were not retreated due to the small size of the recurrences. Conclusion Coiling of AChA aneurysms resulted in good outcomes without AChA-related permanent ischemic complications. Transient AChA occlusion, potentially associated with ischemic complications, was significantly more frequent in the aneurysm in which the AChA was incorporated into the aneurysm neck.     

The course of the anterior choroidal artery

Summary Landmarks of the course of the anterior choroidal artery and of the basal vein are described with reference to displacements by supratentorial masses.     

An anomalous hyperplastic anterior choroidal artery associated with an unruptured internal carotid–posterior communicating artery aneurysm

The anterior choroidal artery (AChA) injuries can result in severe neurologic deficits, so requiring careful observation to avoid inadvertent damage during neuroendovascular procedures. In this case report, we present the unusual case of an anomalous hyperplastic AChA associated with a fetal-type posterior communicating artery (PCoA), and an unruptured internal carotid artery (ICA) –PCoA aneurysm. A 54-year-old woman presented with persistent headache. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an unruptured cerebral aneurysm in the right ICA, and cerebral angiography revealed a proximal fetal-type PComA and a distal anomalous hyperplastic AChA. Coil embolization was performed with no neurologic deficits and the target lesion was embolized with a total of 6 coils. An anomalous hyperplastic AchA has a lengthy course with numerous choroidal and perforating branches, and therefore, an abundant perfusion region. Thorough knowledge of the development and anatomy of anomalous arteries is important for safely performing endovascular procedures without causing any ischemic complications.     

Retrograde filling of the anterior choroidal artery: vertebral angiographic sign of obstruction in the carotid system

Summary Retrograde filling of seven anterior choroidal arteries from the posterior circulation was observed on a vertebral angiogram in six patients with occlusion of the proximal anterior choroidal artery or of the internal carotid artery. In one patient with thrombotic occlusion of the internal carotid artery, the enlarged anterior choroidal artery functioned as a major collateral pathway from the posterior circulation to the territory of the middle cerebral artery. Retrograde filling of the anterior choroidal artery is a sign of obstruction changes in the ipsilateral carotid artery at or proximal to the origin of the anterior choroidal artery.     

Posterior lateral choroidal artery in antero-posterior angiographic projection

Summary Opacification of the lateral posterior choroidal artery in antero-posterior projection was analysed in 282 left-sided brachial angiograms. In 40.5% of cases the artery was sufficiently opacified to evaluate its course. The authors report the time intervals for filling of the artery in normal angiograms. The pattern described may serve as a basis for the evaluation of the displacement of the lateral posterior choroidal artery by midline tumours.     

大脑前动脉A1段发育状况与前交通动脉瘤介入治疗

目的 探讨大脑前动脉A1段缺如及重度发育不良对前交通动脉瘤介入治疗的影响.方法 回顾性分析接受全脑DSA检查的905例患者临床资料,对CTA、常规DSA疑有单侧A1段缺如患者作压迫对侧颈动脉(压颈)造影,判断A1段是否真正缺如,同时分析其中68例前交通动脉瘤患者临床资料、血管内栓塞治疗过程及随访结果.结果 905例患者经CTA或常规DSA检查有40例表现为大脑前动脉A1段缺如,压颈造影后真正缺如30例,10例为重度发育不良.68例前交通动脉瘤患者中单侧A1缺如16例,重度发育不良4例,轻中度发育不良7例.所有前交通动脉瘤患者均成功接受介入栓塞治疗,其中可解脱式弹簧圈单纯栓塞39例,支架辅助栓塞29例;16例A1段缺如和4例重度发育不良患者中有13例接受支架辅助栓塞.术后即刻动脉瘤完全闭塞56例(82.3％),瘤颈残留10例(14.7％),瘤腔残留2例(3％).术后48例获临床和影像学随访,3例(6.3％)明显复发,其中2例成功接受再次栓塞治疗.结论 对CTA和常规DSA造影疑有单侧大脑前动脉A1段缺如的前交通动脉瘤患者,压颈造影能够鉴别A1段是否真正缺如.单侧A1段缺如及重度发育不良的前交通动脉瘤介入治疗时,应确保前交通动脉及双侧A2段通畅,使用支架辅助栓塞有一定帮助.     

脉络膜前动脉起始端动脉瘤新分型及其在介入治疗中的初步应用

目的:根据脉络膜前动脉（AChA）起始端动脉瘤与AChA的位置关系,提出新的分型方法,针对不同分型采用个体化的介入方法,并分析其疗效。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年11月复旦大学附属华山医院收治的34例AChA起始端动脉瘤患者资料。新分型将不涉及AChA的动脉瘤归为Ⅰ型（无关型）,涉及AChA归为Ⅱ型（有关...     

前交通动脉瘤介入术中胼胝体下动脉保护与前交通动脉综合征相关性研究

目的总结前交通动脉瘤血管内介入治疗的临床效果,探讨前交通动脉瘤介入术中保护胼胝体下动脉(SCA)与术后前交通动脉综合征发生的相关性。方法回顾性分析38例经介入治疗的前交通动脉瘤患者临床资料,根据术前脑血管造影SCA显影与否,分为显影组(n=20)和不显影组(n=18)。统计分析手术前后、随访时短期定向力-记忆力-注意力测试(SOMCT)评分及术后并发症发生情况。结果两组间术前和术后3个月SOMCT评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后即刻、术后3 d、15 d、6个月SOMCT评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。重复测量设计资料方差分析显示术前SCA显影组SOMCT评分均高于术前不显影组(F=9.96,P=0.003)。SCA显影组、不显影组术后发生高热、水电解质紊乱分别为18例、8例,18例,4例,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论术前SCA显影与术后SOMCT评分升高密切相关,患者易发生高热、水电解质紊乱等并发症。术中保护SCA有助于降低并发症发生。     

Progressive bilateral anterior sacral meningoceles in Marfan syndrome

Anterior sacral meningoceles (ASM) in Marfan syndrome are rare. They may cause constipation, urinary frequency, dysmenorrhea, and low back pain or numbness. This report describes bilateral ASM at the level of S1, S2 and S3 in a woman with Marfan syndrome who was admitted to the gynaecology department for evaluation of left lower abdominal pain. The magnetic resonance appearance of the meningoceles is discussed and compared with findings from transvaginal ultrasound and CT. As MRI offers excellent delineation of spinal and pelvic structures, it is the most useful technique available in establishing the diagnosis and planning the treatment of ASM. Correspondence to: R. Scheck     

螺旋CT血管造影及血管仿真内镜技术对肾动脉狭窄的诊断与评价

目的：探讨螺旋CT血管造影（SCTA）及血管仿真内镜技术（CTVE）在肾动脉狭窄（RAS）诊断中临床应用价值。方法：7例RAS及1例RAS肾切主后患者行肾动脉SCTA及三维重建，三维重建方法包括：表面遮盖成像（SSD）和最大密度投影（MIP）。3例同时行肾动脉血管CTVE成像。结果：SCTA2DCT图像显示7例RAS患侧肾体积明显缩小，肾皮质明显变薄，无或部分强化。7例RASSSD和MIP均可清晰显示肾动脉主干狭窄的部位、狭窄程度与范围，但不能显示肾段较小肾动脉的狭窄情况。1例RAS肾切除术后MIP和SSD未见肾动脉有其分支显示。3例肾血管CTVE能显示狭窄的肾动脉开口及管腔明显变窄。结论：SCTA及CTVE是诊断肾动脉主干狭窄的有效方法，基本上可代替动脉血管造影。     

The medial posterior choroidal artery as an indicator of masses at the foramen of monro

Summary The angiographic findings in five cases of tumors at the foramen of Monro are presented. Characteristic changes in the course and configuration of the medial posterior choroidal artery are described.Supported in part by USPHS Grant #5-T01-NS05646 NSRB.Presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Neuroradiology, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, June 1975     

A rare cause of hyperprolactinemia: persistent trigeminal artery with stalk-section effect

The primitive trigeminal, otic, hypoglossal, and proatlantal intersegmental arteries are fetal anastomoses between the carotid and vertebrobasilar systems. Persistent trigeminal artery (PTA) is the most frequent embryonic communication between the vertebrobasilar and carotid systems in adults. We report a case of PTA compressing the left side of the pituitary gland and stalk, in a patient with elevated blood prolactin level. Received: 28 February 2000 Revised: 7 June 2000 Accepted: 9 June 2000     

CT血管成像对副肾动脉的发生与肾动脉直径相关性的评估

目的:通过CT血管成像(CTA)评估副肾动脉的发生是否与肾动脉直径相关。方法:病例来源于各种原因进行肾血管成像(CTA)检查的患者,参与考察的这些病例通过CTA显示均无肾动脉病变。通过肾动脉血管成像(CTA)分别对有副肾动脉的一组和无副肾动脉的一组的肾动脉直径进行测量。结果:肾血管成像(CTA)显示,伴有副肾动脉的肾动脉管径明显缩小(P<0.01)。结论:一个大小正常的肾,其肾动脉直径小于某个正常值的范围预示着副肾动脉的存在。据此,肾血管成像(CTA)检查时,我们可以提高对副肾动脉的检出率。     

筛前动脉的解剖及影像学研究进展

筛前动脉是前颅底和额隐窝的重要解剖标志,手术损伤可导致严重并发症。了解其正常走行以及邻近结构,对提高手术安全性和副鼻窦内镜手术结果有非常重要的意义。本文综述了筛前动脉解剖结构及相关影像学检查,以及320层容积CT(VCT)筛前动脉血管成像的优势。     

Mediastinal bronchial artery aneurysm: Dynamic computed tomography appearance

Mediastinal aneurysms of the bronchial arteries are uncommon abnormalities with potentially fatal hemorrhagic complications. Their diagnosis is usually made by angiography in emergency situations but computed tomography (CT) scan may depict them in asymptomatic patients. We describe the CT appearance of such an aneurysm detected as an incidental finding in a patient with bleeding bronchiectasis.     

多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像临床应用价值探讨

目的 探讨冠状动脉多层螺旋CT成像的临床应用价值。资料与方法 38例冠状动脉进行多层螺旋CT血管造影,利用多种重建方法进行重建,分析冠状动脉的成像质量及其显示率,以及冠状动脉疾病的影像特点。结果 图像质量的优良率：优28．9％(11／38),良60．5％(23／38),差10．5％(4／38),优良率为89．5％(34／38);冠状动脉分段显示率为：右冠状动脉近段100％(38／38),中段76．3％(29／38),远段60．5％(23／38);左冠状动脉前降支近中段100％(38／38),远段81．6％(31／38),左回旋支近段100％(38／38),远段55．3％(21／38)。发现冠状动脉管壁欠光滑18例,钙化8例,管腔充盈缺损2例,冠状动脉仿真内镜发现冠状动脉夹层1例,管腔狭窄3例。结论 多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像可以作为冠心病的一种筛选手段。     

CT of malignant choroidal melanoma—morphology and perfusion characteristics

Summary The computed tomographic morphology of malignant choroidal melanoma and its perfusion characteristics are described. Thirty-three static and serial CT examinations made on 29 patients with choroidal melanoma, three with pseudotumors of the macula and one with choroidal metastasis revealed the choroidal melanoma to be usually a hyperdense, markedly perfused tumor, while the non-contrast, diagnostically undifferentiable pseudotumors and the choroidal metastasis, revealed no significant change in density after the administration of contrast material. Density values or perfusion characteristics of choroidal melanoma that are outside of the normal range are a result of secondary changes within the immediate surroundings of the tumor, such as detachment of the retina, tumor-induced glaucoma, or tumor necrosis.