持续气道正压对伴有阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的顽固性高血压患者的血压影响

目的探讨持续气道正压治疗伴有阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的顽固性高血压患者是否会对其血压造成影响。方法将通过多导睡眠图证实了伴有阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的顽固性高血压患115例随机分为治疗组59例和对照组56例。对照组患者予以规范化降压药物治疗,治疗组患者予以降压治疗的同时加用6个月的持续气道正压治疗。观察两组患者的治疗前和治疗6个月后的24 h动态血压监测的情况。结果 6个月后治疗组对比对照组的日间收缩压(141.0±19.3 mmHg;169.0±13.8 mmHg)及日间舒张压(80.9±14.7 mmHg;97.6±12.7 mmHg)均显著降低(P0.01),而治疗组对比对照组的夜间收缩压(137.8±23.5 mmHg;139.3±18.4 mmHg)及夜间舒张压(76.2±19.7 mmHg;80±13.6mmHg)无显著差异(P0.05)。结论对于伴有阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的顽固性高血压患者,持续气道正压可以显著降低其日间的收缩压与舒张压。     

持续气道正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者血液流变学的影响

目的:探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(obstructivesleepapneasyn-drome,OSAS)患者中经鼻持续气道正压通气(nasalcontinuouspositiveairwaypressure,nCPAP)对其血液流变学指标的影响。方法:选择在南京医科大学第一附属医院呼吸科睡眠实验室进行多导睡眠监测的鼾症者。随机选择确诊为中或重度OSAS的患者16例。本研究的16例OSAS患者中男12例,女4例,体质量指数(26.7±3.1)kg/m2。他们均无任何其他呼吸系统疾患、心功能不全及血液系统疾病,进行测试前14d内未服用过非甾体类消炎药及阿司匹林、潘生丁等抗凝剂。排除中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、甲状腺功能低下、肢端肥大症等患者。分别于治疗前及治疗30d时的晨起6:00及午后16:00检测血细胞比容(hemocrit,Hct)、血小板聚集率(plateletaggregation,PAG)、血液黏滞度、凝血酶原时间(prothrombintime,PT),部分凝血活酶时间(activatedpartialthromboplasmintime,APTT)、血浆纤维蛋白原(fibrinogen,Fng)及内皮素。结果:OSAS患者nCPAP治疗前6:00Hct,血液黏滞度,PAG及血浆Fng明显高于16∶00(P<0.05～0.01),PT犤(8.92±0.74)s犦及APTT犤(22.43±2.27)s犦明显短于16:00犤(9.89±0.84),(27.52±2.13)s犦(P<0.05)。经nCPAP治疗30d时各项指标在6:00.与16:00差异已无显著性意义     

Outcome evaluation of long-term nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy in obstructive sleep apnea

A study was conducted at the Tri-State Sleep Disorders Center of Cincinnati, Ohio, to evaluate both quantitative and qualitative daily function and productivity outcomes of treating obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP). This was a prospective outcome study conducted in 316 patients with diagnosed and treated OSA. There were 234 men and 82 women, mean age, 48.79 +/- 0.67 years; weight averaged 250.39 +/- 3.55 pounds; mean pretreatment respiratory disturbance index was 42.9 +/- 1.7 episodes per hour and 2.8 +/- 0.2 episodes per hour with NCPAP treatment. Patients were surveyed by questionnaire, administered on polysomnographic confirmation of OSA and after 6 months of nightly treatment with NCPAP as to their perceptions of their level of daytime functioning and quality of life over the previous 6 months. Main outcome measures included number of incidents of excessive daytime sleepiness; number of headaches on awakening; number of automobile accidents and near-miss automobile accidents; number of days absent from work; number of physician visits; and a series of subjective scales, measuring job productivity, quality of life, general physical and mental condition, short-term memory, and changes in blood pressure. Significant decreases were found in the number of incidents of excessive daytime sleepiness, headaches on awakening, physician visits, days absent from work, and automobile accidents or near misses with NCPAP therapy. Patients also reported subjective increases in productivity, quality of life, physical and mental condition, and short-term memory and reduction in both diastolic and systolic blood pressure. Effective treatment of OSA results in improvement both in preexisting symptoms and in quality of life. Improvement in many of the major problems experienced by patients seeking treatment has important implications for preventive medicine as well as health care cost containment.     

NT-pro-BNP in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is decreased by nasal continuous positive airway pressure

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) on B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and to determine the effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) treatment on BNP levels. BACKGROUND: Increased sympathetic activity, repetitive rises in blood pressure, and apnea-induced wall stress may contribute as a trigger to release BNP in OSAS. However, there is uncertainty about whether OSAS affects BNP and whether application of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) ventilation affects release of BNP. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study in 69 consecutive patients with suspected sleep disordered breathing referred to our sleep laboratory was conducted. OSAS was confirmed in 26 normotensive and 34 hypertensive patients and ruled out in nine normotensive patients (controls) by polysomnography (PSG). RESULTS: Baseline N-terminal fragment of BNP prohormone (NT-pro-BNP) did not differ significantly between OSAS patients (hypertensive: mean +/-SEM 60.8+/-9.9 pg/ml, normotensive: 43.2+/-6.8 pg/ml) and controls (36.5+/-8.5 pg/ml). Application of CPAP resulted in a significant decrease of NT-pro-BNP in hypertensive (60.8+/-9.9 pg/ml to 47.6+/-7.4 pg/ml, p=0.023) and normotensive OSAS (43.2+/-6.8 pg/ml to 29.6+/-5.3 pg/ml, p=0.0002). In contrast, controls showed no significant differences in NT-pro-BNP after a second PSG (36.5+/-8.5 pg/ml to 40.7+/-12.3 pg/ml, p=0.597). CONCLUSIONS: Normotensive and hypertensive OSAS was not associated with a significant elevation of NT-pro-BNP. Application of nCPAP decreased NT-pro-BNP levels significantly in normotensive and, in particular, hypertensive OSAS. These findings may provide further evidence of the potential for nCPAP to improve cardiovascular comorbidity and co-mortality in OSAS and sleep disordered breathing, in general.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征伴阵发性室上性心动过速患者的疗效观察

目的：探讨经鼻腔持续正压通气联合射频消融术治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征伴阵发性室上性心动过速患者的疗效。方法：回顾我院2010-01-2013-01期间收治的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征伴阵发性室上性心动过速的患者,共44例,将其随机平均分为对照组（n=22）和实验组（n=22）。对照组给予射频消融术,而实验组在射频消融术的基础上联用经鼻腔持续正压通气治疗。术后常规随访6个月以观察具体疗效。结果：与对照组相比较,实验组患者的室上性心动过速复发率明显偏低（9.09%∶27.27%）、抗心律失常药物使用率降低（4.54%∶22.73%）、术后6月左室射血分数明显增加[（55.66±5.12）%∶（48.23±4.16%）]、术后6个月左房内径明显缩小[（34.68±3.29）mm∶（38.18±2.21mm）],上述差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：经鼻腔持续正压通气联合射频消融术可明显降低阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征伴阵发性室上性心动过速患者的症状复发和抗心律失常药使用量,显著改善患者的心脏结构和心脏功能,值得临床大力推广。     

持续气道正压通气对严重阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者心血管疾病风险的影响

目的初步探讨持续气道正压通气（CPAP）治疗对严重阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）患者炎症因子水平和心血管疾病（CVD）风险的影响。方法选取经多导睡眠图（PSG）确诊的严重OSAS患者[睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）≥30次/h]50例。分别记录CPAP治疗前及治疗10周后受试者的ESS评分、血压、呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）及脉搏血氧饱和度（Sp O2）、空腹血糖、血清胰岛素、胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、纤维蛋白原及TNF-α、SCD40L水平。以稳态模式评估胰岛素抵抗（HOMA-IR）。心血管疾病风险评估根据性别特异的多变量的风险因素算法计算。CPAP治疗1 0周后根据CPAP治疗时间分为2组：依从性好组（≥4 h/晚）及依从性差组（〈4 h/晚）。结果在使用CPAP≥4 h/晚（n=33）的患者可以发现收缩压、舒张压、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、HOMA-IR、TNF-α、SCD40L水平在治疗后下降,与心血管疾病风险下降相关。而在CPAP治疗〈4 h/晚组患者中未发现上述改变。总体的依从性与心血管疾病风险及系统炎症的降低呈直线相关。BMI和面罩漏气可能是预测治疗依从性的可靠因素。结论有效的CPAP治疗可以降低严重OSAS患者的血压、血脂、TNF-α、SCD40L水平,提高胰岛素敏感性,降低患心血管疾病的风险。     

长期经鼻持续气道正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者睡眠质量的改善作用

目的:阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征可引起高血压与睡眠分裂。长期经鼻持续气道正压通气治疗是否可改善通气功能、睡眠质量,并能够降低继发性高血压?方法:选择1997-07/2004-03在福建医科大学附属第一医院呼吸科鼾症工作室明确诊断患有阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征,并能坚持在家长期使用经鼻持续气道正压通气治疗的患者66例。患者呼吸紊乱指数>20,即均为中、重度患者。携带经鼻持续气道正压通气呼吸机回家,每晚使用≥6h,应用12～34个月。观察患者治疗前、治疗时及治疗后睡眠时最低动脉血氧饱和度,睡前及清晨血压,低通气指数,呼吸暂停指数,呼吸紊乱指数及最长呼吸暂停时间,并调查治疗前后Epworth评分(根据患者嗜睡出现频率:从不嗜睡0分,偶尔嗜睡1分,有时嗜睡2分,经常嗜睡3分的积分判断嗜睡程度)及匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(包括睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、安眠药物和日间功能,每个成分按0,1,2,3计分,各域分相加为总分越高示睡眠质量越差)。治疗时对患者随访3年。结果:按意向处理分析,3年随访,66例患者均进入结果分析。①Epworth评分和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数:治疗后明显低于治疗前[(7.54±2.21),(2.85±1.56)分,(13.67±4.72),(8.61±3.75)分,P<0.01]。②多导睡眠图监测参数:治疗后低通气指数、呼吸暂停指数、呼吸紊乱指数、最长呼吸暂停时间均较治疗前改善(P<0.05)。③最低血氧饱和度:治疗时和治疗后均明显高于治疗前(P<0.05),尤以治疗时明显(P<0.05);治疗后明显低于治疗时(P<0.05)。④血压:治疗后明显低于治疗前(P<0.05)。结论:长期坚持经鼻持续气道正压通气治疗,可以显著改善中、重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者的睡眠质量,消除睡眠时呼吸暂停和低通气,纠正夜间低氧血症,治疗因阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征所引起的高血压。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者持续气道正压通气治疗的依从性调查和护理干预

目的调查阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者持续气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗的依从性现状及其原因。方法电话调查2008年1月～2009年9月在我科接受CPAP压力滴定的85例OSAHS患者CPAP呼吸机的使用情况。结果 78例患者接受了调查。其中,44.87%的患者坚持CPAP治疗;15.38%的患者因为嫌麻烦或怕对呼吸机产生依赖而中断了CPAP治疗;39.74%的患者因为压力滴定当晚不适应CPAP或认为没必要带机治疗而未曾接受CPAP治疗。结论 OSAHS患者CPAP治疗依从性较差。医护人员当提高患者压力滴定当晚对呼吸机的适应程度和睡眠质量,加强患者早期的健康教育和随访,从而提高CPAP治疗的依从性。     

持续气道正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者血ICAM-1的影响

目的 评价阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)血清细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)水平及持续气道正压通气治疗(CPAP)对OSAS患者血清ICAM-1水平的影响.方法 收集20例健康对照者及20例OSAS患者的临床资料,回顾性分析两组患者多导睡眠呼吸监测结果,比较两组血清ICAM-1水平的差异;比较持续气道正压通气治疗前后OSAS患者血清ICAM-1水平的差异.结果 OSAS组患者治疗前血清ICAM-1含量为(105.26±37.470)μg/L,健康对照组血清ICAM-1含量为(99.98±18.78)μg/L,两组比较差异有统计学意义,P=0.018.经过CPAP治疗3个月后,OSAS组患者血清ICAM-1水平降至(93.34±21.24)μg/L,与治疗前血清ICAM-1水平比较,两组差异有统计学意义,P=0.037.结论 OSAS患者血清ICAM-1水平升高,持续气道正压通气治疗可有效降低OSAS患者血清ICAM-1水平.     

睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者经鼻持续正压通气治疗的相关因素分析

目的：探讨经鼻持续正压通气治疗睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者疗效的相关因素.方法：对2010年12月～2012年11月在我院治疗的48例睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者资料进行回顾性分析,按照肥胖指数将患者分成轻度肥胖组、中度肥胖组和重度肥胖组.结果：三组患者在呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）、最低血氧饱和度（MinSaO2）、压力上比较有明显的差异性（P＜0.05）;患者AHI、治疗压力在治疗前与肥胖的分级呈现正相关,肥胖度数越高则AHI、压力增加明显（P＜0.05）,而MinSaO2刚好相反.结论：肥胖、CPAP压力、AHI均会影响临床效果,在治疗上要以减肥为中心综合采取措施,这样才能提高临床效果.     

经鼻持续气道正压通气治疗高血压慢性心力衰竭伴重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者的疗效分析

目的：探讨经鼻持续气道正压通气（nCPAP）治疗高血压慢性心力衰竭（CHF）伴重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者的临床疗效。方法入选高血压慢性心力衰竭伴重度OSAHS患者43例。随机分两组：接受nCPAP及常规药物治疗者23例为治疗组,只接受常规药物治疗者20例为对照组。治疗3个月。比较两组治疗前后心功能分级、血压、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）、最长低通气时间、夜间平均血氧饱和度（SaO2）、左心室舒张末期内径（LVDd）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）及脑钠肽（BNP）的变化。结果治疗组的治疗总有效率明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）。两组治疗后血压均显著下降（P＜0.01）,但治疗组血压下降更显著（P＜0.05）。治疗组治疗后AHI、最长低通气时间、LVDd、BNP显著降低（P＜0.05）;夜间SaO2、LVEF显著提高（P＜0.01）。对照组治疗后AHI、最长低通气时间、夜间平均SaO2、LVDd、LVEF无显著变化（P＞0.05）,BNP亦显著下降（P＜0.05）。血压下降程度与BNP下降程度呈正相关趋势。结论对于高血压慢性心力衰竭伴重度OSAHS患者,nCPAP能有效改善心力衰竭症状,降低血压,改善睡眠呼吸暂停和低通气,纠正低氧血症,改善心功能。     

持续正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停非肥胖者的氨基末端B型利钠肽原水平的影响

目的探讨持续正压通气(CPAP)对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)非肥胖者的血清氨基末端B型利钠肽原(NT-proBNP)水平的影响。方法选择41例重度OSA合并有冠心病(CAD)的患者,根据患者体质量指数(BMI)分为肥胖组(BMI28kg/m2)和非肥胖组(BMI≤28kg/m2),所有患者均接受24周的CPAP治疗。采用电化学发光法测定NT-proBNP水平,比较治疗前后NT-proBNP水平的变化。结果非肥胖组患者治疗后的NT-proBNP平均水平出现明显下降,从治疗前(141.8±156.5)pg/mL下降到(106.7±167.2)pg/mL,治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);肥胖组患者治疗后的NT-proBNP平均水平出现升高的趋势,从治疗前(32.2±24.5)pg/mL升高到(86.3±174.4)pg/mL,治疗前后比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 CPAP能有效降低重度OSA合并CAD非肥胖者的NT-proBNP水平。     

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure improves myocardial perfusion reserve and endothelial-dependent vasodilation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

Background

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but whether OSA is an independent risk factor for CVD is controversial. The purpose of this study is to determine if patients with OSA have subclinical cardiovascular disease that is detectable by multi-modality cardiovascular imaging and whether these abnormalities improve after nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP).

Results

Of the 35 consecutive subjects with newly diagnosed moderate to severe OSA recruited from the Stanford Sleep Disorders Clinic, 20 patients were randomized to active vs. sham nCPAP. Active nCPAP was titrated to pressures that would prevent sleep disordered breathing based on inpatient polysomnography. OSA patients had baseline vascular function abnormalities including decreased myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR), brachial flow mediated dilation (FMD) and nitroglycerin-induced coronary vasodilation. Patients randomized to active nCPAP had improvement of MPR (1.5 ± 0.5 vs. 3.0 ± 1.3, p = 0.02) and brachial FMD (2.5% ± 5.7% vs. 9.0% ± 6.5%, p = 0.03) after treatment, but those randomized to sham nCPAP showed no significant improvement. There were no significant changes seen in chamber sizes, systolic and diastolic function, valvular function and coronary vasodilation to nitroglycerin.

Conclusions

Patients with moderate to severe OSA had decreased MPR and brachial FMD that improved after 3 months of nCPAP. These findings suggest that relief of apnea in OSA may improve microvascular disease and endothelial dysfunction, which may prevent the development of overt cardiovascular disease. Further study in a larger patient population may be warranted.     

Effects of treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure on atrial natriuretic peptide and arginine vasopressin release during sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea

1. Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea have increased diuresis during sleep, which decreases with nasal continuous positive airway pressure treatment. These changes have been attributed to an increased release of atrial natriuretic peptide in obstructive sleep apnoea, and its decrease with continuous positive airway pressure treatment. 2. In order to clarify the change in plasma atrial natriuretic peptide level and to investigate the underlying mechanisms, blood samples were taken at 10 min intervals from nine patients with obstructive sleep apnoea during two nights when the patients were either untreated or treated with continuous positive airway pressure. Polysomnographic monitoring, including transcutaneous oximetry, and measurement of oesophageal pressure were performed simultaneously. Plasma arginine vasopressin was also measured. 3. The plasma level of arginine vasopressin did not change. The level of atrial natriuretic peptide was high and exhibited secretion bursts in six out of the nine patients; it drastically decreased with continuous positive airway pressure treatment. 4. Across the patients, the mean plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide was correlated with the degree of hypoxaemia and the degree of oesophageal pressure swings during the sleep apnoeas. 5. Within the patients, cross-correlation studies suggested that the atrial natriuretic peptide secretory bursts were related either to the oesophageal pressure swings or to the apnoea-related hypoxaemia. 6. We conclude that release of atrial natriuretic peptide decreases with continuous positive airway pressure treatment in those patients with obstructive sleep apnoea who have increased release of atrial natriuretic peptide before treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Successful treatment of obstructive sleep apnea with use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure in three patients with mucosal hemangiomas of the oral cavity

Cysts and benign tumors are uncommon causes of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and surgical removal is usually favored. In patients in whom an operation poses a high risk, however, nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) may prove beneficial. We describe three patients with hemangiomas of the oral cavity in whom polysomnography revealed moderate to severe OSA. In all three patients, nasal CPAP effectively decreased sleep-related disordered breathing events and dramatically improved their sleep. To our knowledge, this is the first report of OSA associated with hemangiomas involving the upper airway. Our experience suggests that nasal CPAP therapy is effective and well tolerated in such patients.     

经鼻持续正压通气治疗对冠心病合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征病人的影响

[目的]探讨经鼻持续正压通气(CPAP)治疗对冠心病合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停病人的影响。[方法]选取经冠状动脉造影及睡眠呼吸监测确诊有冠心病合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的病人67例,随机分为两组,对照组给予常规药物治疗,实验进行常规药物治疗+CPAP治疗,观察对心脏方面的影响。[结果]进行CPAP治疗的实验组病人临床症状(胸闷、气短、胸痛)、心律失常(24h动态心电图示频发室性早搏、房性早搏、房性心动过速等)、心电图(ST段及T波改变)改善优于对照组(P<0.05)。[结论]对冠心病合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停病人使用CPAP+药物治疗可改善预后。     

经鼻持续正压通气治疗对冠心病合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征病人的影响

[目的]探讨经鼻持续正压通气（CPAP）治疗对冠心病合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停病人的影响。[方法]选取经冠状动脉造影及睡眠呼吸监测确诊有冠心病合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的病人67例,随机分为两组,对照组给予常规药物治疗,实验进行常规药物治疗＋CPAP治疗,观察对心脏方面的影响。[结果]进行CPAP治疗的实验组病人临床症状（胸闷、气短、胸痛）、心律失常（24h动态心电图示频发室性早搏、房性早搏、房性心动过速等）、心电图（ST段及T波改变）改善优于对照组（P〈0．05）。[结论]对冠心病合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停病人使用CPAP＋药物治疗可改善顸后。     

中重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者经鼻持续气道正压通气治疗后近期生活质量研究

目的分析经鼻持续气道正压通气(n CPAP)对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者近期睡眠疗效、生活质量的影响。方法选择100例中、重度OSAHS患者作为研究对象,根据治疗情况分为n CPAP组(n=60)和未治疗组(n=40),同时选择同期本院门诊健康体检者20例作为对照组,比较n CPAP组、未治疗组的多导睡眠图(PSG)监测结果、魁北克睡眠问卷(QSQ)评分。结果治疗后4周,n CPAP组呼吸暂停通气指数(AHI)、最低血氧饱和度、3+4期睡眠比例、快速动眼睡眠比例均优于治疗前及未治疗组(P0.05);治疗后n CPAP组QSQ各维度评分及总分均高于治疗前及未治疗组(P0.05),低于对照组(P0.05)。结论n CPAP是治疗中、重度OSAHS的有效手段,可以显著改善患者的近期睡眠和生活质量。