牛痘样水疱病与Epstein-Barr病毒潜伏感染的关系

牛痘样水疱病(hydroa vacciniforme)是一种较罕见的皮肤病,日光照射可诱发和加重皮肤损害。有研究发现,在牛痘样水疱病皮肤损害中,存在Epstein-Barr(EB)病毒感染的细胞,提示EB病毒潜伏感染可能与牛痘样水疱病的发病相关^[1]。本研究通过免疫组化、原位杂交、聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法分析牛痘样水疱病病理中浸润细胞的类型,并检测EB病毒的基因,以探讨牛痘样水疱病发病与EB病毒感染的关系。     

Epstein-Barr病毒感染及相关皮肤疾病

EB病毒是一种人类疱疹病毒,其原发感染多无临床症状或导致传染性单核细胞增多症。原发感染后,EB病毒终身潜伏于健康人体的B淋巴细胞。但是,部分感染者发展为慢性活动性EB病毒感染,或者出现一些EB病毒相关的恶性疾病,如Burkitt's淋巴瘤、鼻咽癌、霍奇金淋巴瘤、牛痘样水疱病样淋巴细胞增生性疾病、NK/T细胞淋巴瘤、皮下脂膜炎样T细胞淋巴瘤、血管免疫母细胞T细胞淋巴瘤。本文将详述EB病毒感染的特点、机制,并讨论EB病毒相关皮肤疾病的临床、病理特征。     

皮肤原发性血管纤维黏液性T细胞淋巴瘤一例

目的 探讨皮肤原发性T细胞淋巴瘤一些新的临床病理亚型特点。方法 对1例具有新的临床病理特点的T细胞淋巴瘤多次活检、多种病理方法检查及临床资料综合分析,包括常规H-E染色、特殊染色、免疫组化染色、基因重排及PCR检测。结果 皮损为柔软的多发结节,并有黏液囊肿形成;肿瘤细胞以小T淋巴细胞为主,主要浸润真皮及皮下,无明显亲表皮现象。部分肿瘤细胞有亲血管现象,伴明显血管纤维黏液样基质。免疫组化及特殊染色结果显示,CD3,CD43,CD45RO均阳性,CD56少数阳性;CD68,CD79α,CD20,CD30,CD117,ALK,S-100,CD45R,EMA,SMA均阴性;黏液基质阿新蓝染色阳性;基因重排TCR-β阳性;PCR检测EBV病毒阴性。结论 伴血管纤维黏液样基质的T细胞淋巴瘤是皮肤原发性T细胞淋巴瘤一种新的、独特的亚型,不属于亲表皮的蕈样肉芽肿亚型。     

种痘水疱样皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤1例

种痘水疱样皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤( hydro vaceiniforme-like cutaneous T- cell lymphoma,HVLCTCL)是一种与EB病毒慢性活动性感染相关的罕见的T细胞淋巴瘤,复习国内文献,自2006年渠涛等1报道以来,迄今报道不过20例.由于2005年WHO/EORTC皮肤淋巴瘤分类中,本病被认为是结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤(鼻型)的一个特型,2而未具体命名,故迄今国外仍有多种名称,如原发性皮肤EB病毒相关性T细胞淋巴增生性疾病(primary cutaneous Epstein - Barr virus - assci—ated T - cell lymphoproliferative disordes)、种痘水疱样淋巴瘤(hydro vacciniforme- like lymphoma)3、EBV相关性皮肤NK/T -细胞淋巴瘤(EBV - associated cutaneous NK/T- cell lymphoma)4、水疱样淋巴瘤( hydro - like lymphoma)5、种痘水疱样原发性皮肤CD8阳性T细胞淋巴瘤(hydro vacciniforme - like primary cutaneous CD8 - positive T- cell lynphoma)6、种痘样皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤7等.相广才等则习惯用牛痘样水疱病样皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤.8现将我们所见1例报道如下,并对迄今为止国内相关皮肤科文献报道的18例患者的临床组织病理、免疫组化及EB病毒检测等情况结合近期国外文献进行了复习.     

皮肤淋巴瘤与EB病毒潜伏感染的关系及病毒亚型的分析

目的 探讨EB病毒潜伏感染及其亚型与皮肤淋巴瘤的相关性.方法 标本来源于41例淋巴瘤患者的皮肤组织和38例健康成人咽部洗漱液.采用原位杂交、PCR、巢式PCR、Southern杂交方法检测EB病毒及其亚型.通过Southern杂交对5例自然杀伤/T细胞淋巴瘤病例中EB病毒末端重复序列进行分析.结果 8例自然杀伤/T细胞淋巴瘤、4例皮下脂膜炎型淋巴瘤、1例自然杀伤/T淋巴细胞增生症、1例血管免疫母细胞恶性淋巴瘤和1例组织细胞样淋巴瘤EB病毒原位杂交和PCR结果均阳性.38例正常人中有14例咽部携带有EB病毒.15例蕈样肉芽肿、5例Sézary综合征病例中,EB病毒原位杂交和EB病毒BMRF1基因PCR扩增均为阴性.除1例淋巴细胞增生症患者为EB病毒亚型1和2双重感染外,其它病例均为亚型1感染.正常人群咽部携带亚型1EB病毒.5例自然杀伤/T细胞淋巴瘤与EB病毒末端重复序列特异性探针杂交后,均只产生一条杂交带.结论 EB病毒潜伏感染与皮肤自然杀伤/T细胞淋巴瘤及皮下脂膜炎型淋巴瘤相关,但与蕈样肉芽肿和Sézary综合征无明显相关性.肿瘤细胞中的EB病毒与正常人群咽部所携带的病毒亚型相同,均为亚型1.肿瘤细胞单克隆增殖发生于EB病毒感染之后,此结论支持EB病毒在自然杀伤/T细胞淋巴瘤中的致病作用.     

伴面部严重肿胀的种痘样水疱病样皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤1例

报告1例伴面部严重肿胀的种痘样水疱病样皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤。患者男,23岁,面、颈、上胸部、双手背出现丘疹、丘疱疹、坏死、结痂、痘疮样瘢痕形成伴面部肿胀6年,加重4年。皮损组织病理及免疫组化检查符合种痘样水疱病样T细胞淋巴瘤。     

种痘样水疱病样皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤

种痘样水疱病样皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤是近年来被逐渐认识到的一种与EB病毒相关的少见淋巴瘤,多见于儿童和青少年,主要累及面部和四肢,表现为丘疹、丘疱疹和水疱,随后出现坏死、溃疡、结痂,最后留下痘疮样瘢痕.本病临床表现独特,确诊主要依靠组织病理检查及免疫组化.目前尚无统一有效的治疗方案,报道的多数病例采用化疗,但疗效不一.     

儿童种痘样水疱病样EB病毒感染相关淋巴细胞增生性疾病的诊断与治疗3例

目的:探讨儿童种痘样水疱病样EB病毒(Epstein-Barr virus,EBV)感染相关淋巴细胞增生性疾病的诊断与治疗。方法:回顾性分析我科收治的3例种痘样水疱病样EB病毒感染相关淋巴细胞增生性疾病患儿的临床资料、实验室检查、治疗及预后等临床资料,并对相关文献进行复习。结果:3例患儿幼年发病,均因面部、四肢等部位皮损反复发作而就诊,其中2例伴有发热、肝大及淋巴结肿大。皮损组织病理检查均提示真皮浅层、皮下组织及毛囊附属器周围有大量淋巴细胞浸润,部分有轻度异形,免疫组化示CD43、CD56、Ki-67阳性表达不一;3例患儿血液EBV抗体阳性,EBV-DNA复制活跃。通过糖皮质激素、抗病毒等药物等治疗后,有2例病情明显缓解,1例效果不佳。结论:种痘样水疱病样EB病毒感染相关淋巴细胞增生性疾病与EB病毒感染密切相关,具有特征性临床表现,通过糖皮质激素、抗病毒药物联合静脉丙种球蛋白治疗部分有效,但仍有发展为种痘样水疱病样皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤可能,需密切随访。     

肉芽肿性松弛皮肤特殊类型的蕈样肉芽肿一例

目的 报告一例蕈样肉芽肿之极其罕见的肉芽肿性皮肤松弛.方法 对其临床、组织病理、免疫组化、超微结构和分子生物学进行研究.结果 在皮肤肿块内致密淋巴细胞、组织细胞和多核巨细胞浸润,少数淋巴细胞向表皮性.弹性纤维几乎完全消失.免疫组化示淋巴细胞表达CD3,CD45RO.分子生物学检查示T细胞受体β链基因重排.超微结构示巨噬细胞有许多绒毛样结构和溶酶体.结论 此例为一种罕见变异的蕈样肉芽肿.     

EB病毒感染相关的皮肤淋巴增殖性疾病二例

目的 报道EB病毒感染相关的皮肤淋巴增殖性疾病2例及其与慢性活动性EB病毒感染的关系。方法 分析2例皮肤淋巴增殖性疾病患者的临床资料、实验室检查、治疗和转归。结果 2例患者均有间断性发热,淋巴结肿大,反复发作的丘疹、丘疱疹、坏死、痘疮样瘢痕,皮疹分布于曝光和非曝光部位。皮损组织病理示真皮内淋巴样细胞浸润,细胞形态异形,侵犯血管周围及部分皮下组织。免疫组化显示浸润细胞以CD8+细胞为主;T细胞受体γ基因（TCRγ基因）阴性;EB病毒原位杂交阳性。外周血EB病毒DNA拷贝数高于正常。糖皮质激素治疗后病情缓解。结论 2例皮肤淋巴增殖性疾病的生物学行为呈慢性惰性经过,与慢性活动性EB病毒感染密切相关。     

成人种痘样水疱病样淋巴瘤一例并文献复习

本文报道1例种痘样水疱病样淋巴瘤并对WHO最新分类、EBV感染相关发病机制、鉴别诊断及治疗方面的相关文献进行复习。患者,男,38岁。全身反复皮疹30年,加重1年,患者病程中伴有发热,皮损预后遗留凹陷性瘢痕。血清EB病毒抗体IgG阳性。皮损组织病理示：真皮全层及皮下脂肪小叶内大量淋巴细胞浸润。免疫组化染色示：CD2(+++),CD3(++),CD8(++),TIA-1(++),CD56(少量+),CD20(灶状+) ,Ki-67＞30%。EB病毒原位杂交：阳性。诊断：种痘样水疱病样淋巴瘤。     

种痘水疱病样皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤3例及文献复习

目的归纳、分析种痘水疱病样皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤患者的临床、组织病理特点及治疗和预后,以提高临床医生对该病的诊治水平。方法分析3例患者的皮疹特点、伴发症状、辅助检查、组织病理、治疗及预后等临床资料,并复习相关文献。结果患者2男1女,发病年龄最早3岁,最晚10岁。皮损具有多形性,发作时伴高热、淋巴结及肝脾肿大。组织病理可见真皮至皮下脂肪层内的异型性淋巴样细胞围绕血管浸润,有明显的侵犯血管壁和脂肪小叶现象,伴有较多的EOS浸润;免疫组化示肿瘤细胞表达CD8,CD45RO,CD43,而不表达CD20,CD30,CD56。皮损组织基因重排检查TCR-γ(+)。Epstein-Barr病毒原位杂交(+)。外周血EOS明显升高,LDH酶稍高,EB病毒抗体(+)。例1行化疗,后死亡;例2给予强的松口服,例3接受防蚊子叮咬及抗病毒治疗,均长期缓解。结论种痘水疱病样皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤是一种新的恶性多系统疾病,发病可能与EBV感染以及蚊子叮咬有关。不同的患者恶性程度不一,治疗及预后亦不同。     

Epstein–Barr Virus‐Associated Hydroa Vacciniforme‐like Cutaneous Lymphoma in Seven Chinese Children

Abstract: Hydroa vacciniforme‐like cutaneous lymphoma is a rare type of Epstein–Barr virus‐associated lymphoma. We analyze clinicopathologic features of seven Chinese child patients with hydroa vacciniforme‐like cutaneous lymphoma and determine the pathogenic association of Epstein–Barr virus with this disorder. Clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical features were reviewed. Skin lesions were subjected to Epstein–Barr virus‐encoded RNA detection by in situ hybridization. Serologic assay and quantitation of Epstein–Barr virus DNA were performed. All seven patients presented with facial vesicles, papulovesicles, and atrophic scarring. Histologically, skin specimens showed epidermal blister formation, and dense lymphoid infiltration throughout the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. The infiltrate was composed of both small and large irregular lymphocytic cells expressing CD45RO or CD56. Tumor cells positive for Epstein–Barr virus‐encoded RNA were detected in cutaneous infiltrates in all seven cases. Besides skin eruptions, all patients had systemic manifestations, such as intermittent fever, hepatosplenomegaly or lymph node enlargement. The amounts of Epstein–Barr virus DNA were increased in the peripheral blood in two detected cases, and antibody titers to Epstein–Barr virus revealed a chronic active Epstein–Barr virus infection in all cases. The diagnosis of hydroa vacciniforme‐like cutaneous lymphoma was made. Four of seven patients were treated with interferon α intramuscularly, and the skin eruptions improved. Hydroa vacciniforme‐like cutaneous lymphoma may present with severe facial edema, papulovesicular eruptions and permanent scars. The tumor cells often express natural killer‐ or T‐cell markers. The disease is often preceded by chronic active Epstein–Barr virus infection.     

EB病毒及其相关皮肤淋巴瘤

EB病毒在人群中感染率极高,现已发现与多种人类疾病相关,其中包括具有明显异质性的多种皮肤淋巴瘤,如结外自然杀伤细胞/T细胞淋巴瘤、种痘样水疱病皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤、霍奇金淋巴瘤、Burkitt淋巴瘤、HIV相关的淋巴瘤等.EB病毒相关皮肤淋巴瘤临床表现多样,组织学呈谱系改变,慢性病程或经过凶险,大部分预后不良.EB病毒致肿瘤机制尚不明确,可通过其功能性分子与宿主的相互作用,逃逸宿主细胞免疫、调节多种信号通路、促肿瘤炎症、诱导血管形成、致基因突变,从而永生化宿主细胞.临床上应跟踪监测高危人群,如营养不良人群和免疫受损人群,特别是儿童、老年人、器官移植患者,HIV等患者EB病毒变化,对EB病毒相关皮肤淋巴瘤进行早期诊断与干预.     

Skin is the frequent site for involvement of peripheral T-cell and natural killer cell lymphomas in Korea

We have studied the clinicopathological features of 19 Korean cases of peripheral T-cell and natural killer (NK) cell lymphomas, not including mycosis fungoides. Primary cutaneous involvement was demonstrated in eight of these 19 cases, and we recognized four clinicopathologic subtypes among these eight patients: nasal type NK/T cell lymphoma, three cases; primary cutaneous CD30 positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma, two cases; subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma, one case; lymphoma with hydroa vacciniforme-like cutaneous lesions, two cases. We did not, however, encounter any cases of HTLV-associated adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia, which is common in Taiwan and Japan. EBV-associated lymphoma is the most prominent type of peripheral T-cell and NK cell neoplasm involving the skin in Korea.     

种痘样水疱病样T细胞淋巴瘤伴发原发性皮肤CD30阳性大细胞淋巴瘤1例

患者女,17岁。全身反复起丘疹、水疱、坏死、凹陷状瘢痕伴瘙痒、发热15年,四肢起肿块2年。血清抗EBV-IgM(-),抗EBV-IgG(+)。肿块处皮损组织病理示真皮中下层和皮下组织见弥漫性致密的瘤细胞浸润,细胞核呈间变性;免疫组化示CD3(+),浸润的大细胞CD30(+),CD43(+),80%浸润细胞Ki-67(+)。水疱处皮损组织病理示表皮网状变性及多个水疱,真皮和皮下组织可见血管和附属器周围以淋巴细胞为主的、伴少量嗜酸粒细胞浸润,部分浸润细胞呈明显异形性;免疫组化示CD3(+),CD30(-),CD43(+),Ki-67(+)。诊断:种痘样水疱病样T细胞淋巴瘤伴发原发性皮肤CD30阳性大细胞淋巴瘤。确诊后建议患者转肿瘤科化疗,随访中。     

生存素、Ki67在皮肤结外鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤中的表达及其意义

目的 探讨生存素、Ki67在皮肤结外鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤中的表达及意义。方法 选取确诊的以皮损为首发表现的15例皮肤结外鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤为研究对象,常规SP免疫组化染色法检测生存素、Ki67。每张切片选取5个有代表性的高倍镜视野,每个视野随机计数200个肿瘤细胞,分别计算1000个肿瘤细胞内生存素、Ki67阳性细胞百分比。结果 15例皮肤结外鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤中,9例瘤细胞表达CD56,13例表达CD3ε,15例表达TIA-1,10例表达粒酶B,2例表达CD3。15例均表达1 ～ 2个T细胞抗原（CD2、CD45RO或CD7）,1例表达βF1,3例表达CD30的病例阳性细胞均为大瘤细胞。所有病例均不表达CD4、CD5、CD8、CD20和CD79α。14例中3例被检出TCR-γ基因克隆性重排,15例EBER1/2原位杂交均阳性。15例中,11例（73.3%）表达生存素,阳性细胞表达率为23.97% ± 18.35%;14例（15例中1例掉片）均表达Ki67,阳性细胞表达率41.20% ± 19.52%。核分裂0 ～ 2个/高倍视野的9例Ki67表达阳性细胞率为25.27% ± 12.96%,核分裂 ＞ 2个/高倍视野的6例为58.23% ± 16.02%,两组差异有统计学意义（F = 19.14,P = 0.001）。皮肤结外鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤中生存素、Ki67都有较高的表达,生存素与Ki67表达之间无相关性。结论 生存素、Ki67的高表达可能在皮肤结外鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤发生发展中起着一定作用。     

牛痘样水疱病样皮肤NK/T细胞淋巴瘤一例

患儿男，11岁，面部、手臂出现红斑、水疱4年，四肢肿块、溃疡4个月。逐渐感觉乏力，有不规则间歇发热。体检：体温37.7 ℃。全身淋巴结无明显肿大，口腔，颜面和鼻部皮肤片样轻度浸润的粉红色斑片，四肢见大小不等的暗红色浸润性结节和肿块，结节直径2.0 ~ 18 cm不等，部分表面有坏死和黑色结痂，较大的结节表面形成溃疡，坏死性溃疡深达肌肉并有白色脓性分泌物。皮损边界清楚，质地较硬，有压痛，部分结节周围见到卫星样小结节。取自大腿的皮损病理检查发现，表皮真皮全层至皮下可见大量形态不一、中等大小的肿瘤细胞浸润，肿瘤细胞胞质清晰，核大，扭曲状，染色质丰富，细胞呈巢或散在，可见围管样分布；真皮和皮下见碎核和反应性组织细胞浸润，肿瘤细胞浸入毛囊和外泌汗腺。免疫组化：胞质CD3在核周区可见阳性染色，CD56、CD45RO和TIA-1强阳性（+++），部分肿瘤细胞CD30、CD8和Ki 67阳性（++）。EB病毒编码小核RNA（EBER）阳性，TCR-γ 基因重排阳性。最后诊断为牛痘样水疱病样皮肤NK/T细胞淋巴瘤，这是1例罕见的原发于皮肤长达51个月的进展缓慢的病例。     

Pathogenic link between hydroa vacciniforme and Epstein-Barr virus-associated hematologic disorders

OBJECTIVES: To determine the pathogenic association of latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections with both typical hydroa vacciniforme (HV) and severe HV-like eruptions, and to survey the complications and outcomes of patients. DESIGN: Case series. PATIENTS: Twenty-nine patients with HV or severe HV-like eruptions. INTERVENTIONS: In situ hybridization and immunostaining of biopsy specimens; extraction of DNA samples from cutaneous lesions and/or peripheral blood mononuclear cells for EBV DNA assay. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinicopathologic manifestations, hematologic findings, complications, and outcomes; presence of latent EBV infection. RESULTS: T cells positive for EBV-encoded small nuclear RNA (EBER) were detected, to various degrees, in cutaneous infiltrates in 28 (97%) of 29 patients, including all 6 patients with definite HV with a positive phototest reaction, 11 of 12 patients with probable HV without evidence of photosensitivity, and all 11 patients with severe HV associated with systemic symptoms. In addition to EBER-positive T cells, many cytotoxic T lymphocytes expressing T-cell intracellular antigen 1 and granzyme B were present in the cutaneous lesions. Natural killer (NK) cells were absent or at a background level. The UV-induced cutaneous lesions showed histopathologic findings consistent with those of HV, containing many EBER-positive cells. Although no hematologic abnormalities were found in the definite and probable HV groups, the amounts of EBV DNA were increased in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells. By contrast, the severe HV group had markedly increased levels of EBV DNA associated with NK-cell lymphocytosis, and complications including chronic active EBV infection, hypersensitivity to mosquito bites, and hemophagocytic syndrome. Five patients with severe disease died of EBV-associated NK/T-cell lymphomas or hemophagocytic syndrome 2 to 14 years after onset. CONCLUSION: Both typical and severe HV are included within the spectrum of cutaneous disorders mediated by EBV-infected T cells, and the severe HV group may have overt EBV-associated NK/T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders with a frequently fatal outcome.