尸肾移植术后移植肾动脉狭窄发病原因分析

目的探讨尸体肾移植术后移植肾动脉狭窄(TRAS)的可能发病原因。方法对尸体肾移植术后18例TRAS患者与未发生TRAS的566受者有可能影响TRAS发生的多个因素进行统计分析。结果(1)TRAS患者的肾移植术后急性排斥反应发生率显著高于非TRAS者(66.67% vs5.48% , P<0.01);(2)发生与未发生TRAS的受者在术前透析方式、糖尿病发病、供肾冷缺血时间、供肾动脉数、供肾侧、供肾动脉吻合方式、术后免疫诱导用药、术后口服免疫维持治疗、术后巨细胞病毒感染以及发病时血脂等诸方面均无显著差异。结论肾移植术后TRAS的发生与移植术后急性排斥反应的发生有密切关系。     

移植肾动脉狭窄危险因素对比研究

目的 探讨移植肾动脉狭窄（TRAS）发病的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析我院2000～2005年术后经移植肾动脉造影确诊为TRAS的26例肾移植术后病人临床资料。分层随机抽样选择52例目前移植肾存活、血压及移植肾功能均稳定、无血管及尿路并发症的非TRAS病人作为对照，2组病例在手术时间、性别、年龄、基础疾病、血型相配、群体反应性抗体、HLA配型、免疫抑制治疗方案等条件相匹配，比较两组冷缺血时间、急性排斥、移植肾功能延迟恢复和动脉吻合方式等可能事件同TRAS的发生相关性。结果 TRAS组中发生急性排斥15例（57．7％）；移植肾功能延迟恢复7例（26．9％），两者均高于对照组（P〈0．05）。冷缺血时间和动脉吻合方式对TRAS无影响（P〉0．05）。结论 同种异体肾移植术后移植肾动脉狭窄与急性排斥及移植肾功能延迟恢复有关，而与冷缺血时间及动脉吻合方式无关。     

Retrospective study of 10 cases of transplant renal artery stenosis]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence and cause of transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) and explore its diagnosis and management. METHOD: A retrospective study was conducted in 10 TRAS cases confirmed by selective artery angiography between 2000 and 2001. RESULTS: Seven patients had a history of acute rejection episode, balloon angioplasty was per-formed in 9 patients, and stent implantation in 1 patient. Revascularization resulted in a decrease in arterial pressure and renal function improvement in all but 1 case. Restenosis occurred in 2 of the 9 patients receiving balloon angioplasty, but after stent implantation, their renal function was improved. Serious graft failure occurred in 1 case, resulting eventually in renal graft loss. CONCLUSIONS: TRAS is related to episodes of acute rejection. Doppler ultrasonography is useful in screening of TRAS, the definite diagnosis of which relies on artery angiography, and angioplasty constitutes an effective therapeutic modality.     

移植肾动脉狭窄10例临床分析

目的探讨移植肾动脉狭窄的发病情况、相关因素、诊断与治疗方法。方法对10例同种异体肾移植术后出现血压升高及肾功能损害、经彩色多普勒超声筛查并经动脉造影证实为移植肾动脉狭窄患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析结果移植肾动脉狭窄的发病率为2.1%,其中7例有急性排斥反应病史。行球囊扩张术9例、支架置入术1例,除1例治疗无效外,其余患者术后高血压均有改善,血肌酐下降。单纯行球囊扩张术的9例病人中,2例出现再狭窄,行支架置入术后肾功能改善。结论移植肾动脉狭窄与术后急性排斥反应相关;彩色多普勒超声可用于筛查,移植肾动脉造影是诊断的金标准,介入治疗为有效治疗方法。     

早期急性排斥反应导致移植肾动脉狭窄的诊治分析

目的 探讨肾移植术后早期由急性排斥导致移植肾动脉狭窄的治疗方法及疗效.方法 回顾经彩色多普勒超声筛查并经动脉造影证实为移植肾动脉狭窄并同时经移植肾穿刺病理证实发生急性排斥反应的3例肾移植患者的治疗过程.结果 3例患者造影证实移植肾动脉狭窄未予球囊扩张或支架治疗,给予抗排斥治疗,3例患者治疗均取得成功,患者血压和肌酐均较前明显下降,随访B超无狭窄表现.结论 彩色多普勒超声可用于移植肾动脉狭窄的筛查和治疗后随访,移植肾动脉造影是其诊断的金标准,急性排斥是引起移植肾动脉狭窄的原因之一,明确动脉狭窄原因为急性排斥后抗排斥治疗是有效的治疗方法.     

移植肾动脉狭窄的临床危险因素和保护因素

目的分析影响移植肾动脉狭窄的相关因素。方法回顾性分析26例移植肾动脉狭窄（TRAS）患者（TRAS组）的临床资 料,与40例同期肾移植非TRAS患者（非TRAS同期组）对照;TRAS组患者中的14例患者（TRAS同供组）,其同一供肾的另一位 受者（未发生TRAS）,组成巢式对照（非TRAS同供组）。结果与非TRAS同期组比,TRAS组急性排斥反应发生率更高（P= 0.004）,供肾热缺血时间更长（P=0.015）、受者移植后5个月高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平更低（P=0.009）;Logistic 回归结 果表明,AR（P=0.007）、热缺血时间延长（P=0.046）为TRAS危险因素,高HDL-C水平（P=0.022）为保护因素;近年来,越来越多 的TRAS患者能够得到早期诊断,移植至TRAS确诊时间逐年缩短,TRAS确诊时eGFR呈上升趋势。结论除外科手术因素外, 急性排斥反应、热缺血时间延长是TRAS发生的危险因素,而高HDL-C水平为保护因素;超声技术对TRAS诊断水平的提高是 近年来TRAS得到早期诊断的主要原因。     

Use of PCR and PCR-SSP for detection of urinary donor-origin DNA in renal transplant recipients with acute rejection

Objective To analyze the urine of renal recipients for the pressence of donor DNA in an attempt to establish an alternative diagnostic means of acute rejection.Methods Sixty-four renal transplant recipients were examined.Thirty-seven were normal after transplantation,while 22 others developed acute rejection,based on serum creatinine levels and/or needle biopsy findings of the graft.Five developed drug-induced renal dysfunction.In female recipients with a male graft,we examined urine for the presence of Ychromosome(SRY and DYZ-1) and in recipients receiving and HLA mismatched graft,we looked for HLA-DR gene(DRB1)using PCR.Results Among the 14 female recipients with male grafte demonstrating stable renal function,only one was positive for SRY and DYZ-1 on the Y chromosome.However,sry AND DYZ-1 were found in the urine of four female patients with acute rejection,but these DNA fragments were not detected in 3 of the 4 after anti-rejection therapy.The last patient was referred to hemodialysis.Of 23 recipients of a graft from HLA mismatch donors with stable renal function,DRB1 was negative in 21(91%).Of 18 patients with acute rejection,DRB1 was positive in 16(89%)and negative in 2.these ENA fragments were no longer found in 13 patients after anti-rejection therapy.In all patients with drug induced renal dysfunction,donor-derived DNA was negative.Conclusions Presence of door specific DNA in the urine of the recipient is strongly associated with acute rejection.Analysis of dna DNA derived from donor cells in urine was an effective and accurate method for the diagnosis of acute rejection of a renal transplant.     

Clinical significance of hemorrheological parameters in patients with renal transplantation

Hemorrheological studies carried out on 14 recipients of cadaveric kidney transplant regularly before and after transplantation showed very significant differences in plasma viscosity in the period of stable function after successfully transplanted kidney, dialysis before transplantation, and renal rejection (P<0.00l). Significant difference was observed in fibrinogen level in cases with stable normal function and rejection (P<0.05,). Significant positive correlation was found between plasma viscosity and fibrinogen level in patients on dialysis as well as after transplantation. The results in this series showed that abnormal changes in hemorrheology respond to the development of rejection episode and deterioration of renal function in patients after receiving cadaveric renal allografts.     

联合霉酚酸酯、环孢素A和泼尼松应用于肾移植患者免疫抑制治疗

目的研究不同剂量霉酚酸酯（MMF）与环孢素A（CsA）和泼尼松（Pred）联用对肾移植患者免疫抑制作用的疗效与安全性。方法随机将120例肾移植受者分为3组，分别给予MMF2．0g／d（A组）、1.5g／a（B组）及硫唑嘌呤（Aza）100mg／d（C组）。3组患者均同时接受相似剂量的CsA和Pred。观察肾移植术后6个月内急性排斥反应的发生率、移植肾功能和药物的副作用。结果A，B，C组急性排斥反应的发生率分别为8．7％，5．6％和36．8％；A，B组消化道的副作用多见，C组的白细胞减少现象多见，其他副作用3个组的差异无显著性。术后6个月A，B组患者的血清肌酐值明显低于C组。结论不同剂量的MMF与CsA和Pred联合应用，可有效预防术后早期急性排斥反应的发生。MMF除胃肠道的副作用较多外，其他副作用未见增多。     

肾移植术中肾缺血事件的诊断及治疗(附27例报告)

目的 探讨肾移植术中急性移植肾缺血的诊断和治疗.方法 总结27例肾移植术中急性移植肾缺血患者的临床资料.结果 27例肾移植术中肾缺血事件病因:血管痉挛11例,其中肾外动脉痉挛5例,肾内血管痉挛6例;肾血流灌注不足6例,肾动脉狭窄1例.肾动脉血栓2例,肾静脉血栓1例,肾动,静脉扭转3例;肾动脉内膜损伤2例,超急性排斥反应1例.2例肾动/静脉血栓溶栓治疗成功.4例(肾动脉狭窄1例、肾动脉血栓1例、肾动脉内膜损伤2例1术中切取移植肾二次灌注再吻合成功.1例超急性排斥反应,切除术后病理证实.其余病例经抗凝、解痉、升压、调整移植肾位置等治疗缓解.1例术后因急性排斥并移植肾破裂手术切除.余25例中22例人肾存活良好,3例移植.肾因慢性移植物肾病而失功.8例发生肾小管坏死.急性排斥4例,用甲泼尼龙或抗胸腺细胞球蛋白(ATGl治疗后3例逆转.结论 肾移植术中发生移植肾缺血,及时准确判断原因和及时恢复血供,与移植肾的存活率密切相关.