颈外静脉穿刺行中心静脉置管80例

目的通过对颈外静脉穿刺置管与颈内静脉穿刺置管进行比较,探讨中心静脉置管的最佳途径。方法对160例病人中心静脉置管,病人随机分为两组,分别行颈外静脉穿刺置管与颈内静脉穿刺置管,记录总成功率、一次成功率、并发症发生率、穿刺完成时间。结果采用颈外静脉穿刺置管较颈内静脉穿刺一次进针成功率高,且完成时间短。结论颈外静脉穿刺置管具有操作简便、一次穿刺成功率高、完成时间短、并发症少等优点,与颈内静脉穿刺置管比较,它是一种安全实用的中心静脉置管方法。     

超声引导下经皮右颈内静脉穿刺中心静脉置管术35例体会

目的总结超声引导下经皮右颈内静脉穿刺中心静脉置管术的体会。方法将70例拟行经皮右颈内静脉穿刺中心静脉置管术的患者随机分为2组,每组35例。观察组在超声引导下置管,对照组行传统体表定位穿刺置管。观察2组穿刺置管成功率、完成穿刺置管操作时间及误穿动脉、血肿形成和引起气胸等并发症发生率。结果观察组一次性和总穿刺置管成功率均高于对照组,穿刺置管操作时间短于对照组,并发症发生率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论超声引导下经皮右颈内静脉穿刺中心静脉置管术,成功率高,并发症少,安全性高。     

经颈外静脉中心静脉置管116例体会

目的:寻找一种操作简单,并发症少,又具有常规中心静脉置管优点的中心静脉导管置入法。方法:经颈外静脉中心静脉置管116例,总结其经验体会。结果:经颈外静脉中心静脉置管116例,未发现并发症,但有6例穿刺失败。结论:经颈外静脉中心静脉置管是一种方法简单、并发症少的中心静脉置管途径。     

头静脉穿刺中心静脉置管30例

目的探讨头静脉穿刺中心静脉置管的可行性。方法2006年2月至8月间我们随机选取60例需要深静脉穿刺的患者,并采用单盲法将其分为两组,A组(n=30)采用锁骨下静脉穿刺术;B组(n=30)采用头静脉穿刺中心静脉置管术。综合考察和比较两组操作的难易度、成功率、测量中心静脉压力的准确度、导管通畅度、并发症、病人的主观感觉和整体护理情况。结果两组操作在难易度、成功率、测量中心静脉压力的准确度和导管通畅度方面差异无统计学意义;而在并发症、病人的主观感觉和整体护理情况上差别较大。结论头静脉穿刺中心静脉置管术可以代替锁骨下静脉穿刺术。     

高频超声在腘静脉穿刺置管术中的应用

目的总结高频超声在腘静脉置管术使用价值。方法于置管前行超声检查腘静脉,观察腘静脉情况并进行体表定位。导管的使用过程中出现异常情况者均行超声检查,以确定部分腘静脉置管并发症。结果85例患者均置管成功,无严重操作并发症。结论高频超声在腘静脉置管术前的定位观察能有效提高穿刺准确性、减少穿刺并发症。     

颈内、锁骨下静脉穿刺置管术的比较

目的探讨颈内静脉、锁骨下静脉穿刺中心静脉置管术的临床应用效果.方法将89例行中心静脉置管术的患者随机分为锁穿组(41例)和颈穿组(48例),颈穿组行颈内静脉穿刺置管,锁穿组行锁骨下静脉穿刺置管.观察两组一次置管成功率及并发症的发生情况.结果两组一次置管成功率及并发症发生率比较,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).结论颈内静脉穿刺应作为中心静脉置管的首选路径.     

经胸前区腋静脉穿刺置管的临床探讨

目的 探讨经胸前区腋静脉穿刺置管的安全性及临床应用价值。方法 600例全身麻醉及硬膜外腔麻醉的手术病人，其中550例行右侧腋静脉穿刺置管，50例行左侧腋静脉穿刺置管。结果 经胸前区腋静脉穿刺置管成功率为99％。误穿腋动脉2例，经局部压迫未造成血肿。结论 经胸前区腋静脉穿刺置管法，操作容易、成功率高、并发症少，为中心静脉穿刺提供新途径，值得在临床推广应用。     

特殊体位患者颈内静脉置管策略

目的探讨特殊体位患者行颈内静脉置管的可行性和临床效果。方法对47例特殊体位(被动体位9例,强迫体位38例)下行颈内静脉置管的患者作好物品与患者准备,根据不同体位确定穿刺步骤和固定导管。结果 47例颈内静脉置管均成功,其中一次置管成功38例。中心静脉置管留置4~151d,中位数22d。留置过程中无与置管相关的不良反应或并发症发生。结论对特殊体位患者行颈内静脉置管需重视各操作环节,尤其是穿刺点定位、穿刺方向、穿刺深度及角度,以提高置管成功率,减少置管相关并发症的发生。     

中心静脉穿刺新进针点的可行性研究

目的 通过对一种新的颈内静脉置管与高位前路颈内静脉置管进行比较,评价其可行性.方法 选择心脏手术病人60例,随机分为2组,每组30例,Ⅰ组一种新的途径行颈内静脉置管,Ⅱ组高位前路颈内静脉穿刺置管.观察记录总穿刺成功率、一次试穿成功率、置管成功率及并发症.观察中心静脉导管位置,并均于术后x线摄胸部平片.结果 Ⅰ组穿刺总成功率100%,一次穿刺成功率93.33%,均显著高于Ⅱ组(93.33%和60.00%)(P<0.01),Ⅰ组患者无误穿动脉、气胸、血胸及导管异位等并发症发生.结论 该新的穿刺方法具有操作容易、安全性大、穿刺置管成功率及一次穿刺成功率高等特点,是经皮中心静脉置管有实用价值的方法之一.     

锁骨下静脉穿刺置管术临床应用

目的:经锁骨下静脉穿刺是中心静脉置管的途径之一,对其操作方法改进,减少了并发症的发生。方法:穿刺点在锁骨中点下缘1cm外,方向指向胸锁关节上1cm处,置管深度为,婴幼儿8～10cm,成人12～16cm。结果:急危重病人356例,经锁骨下静脉穿刺中心静脉置管,穿刺成功率95.50％,穿刺失败6例,占1.68％,结论:改进的锁骨下置管术,操作简单,成功率高,利于护理。     

超声引导下深静脉穿刺置管技术在围术期小儿患者中的应用

目的：探讨超声引导下深静脉穿刺置管技术在围术期小儿患者中的应用效果。方法选取我院接收的80例择期拟行手术患儿作为本次的研究对象,对其临床资料进行回顾分析。结果观察组患儿的穿刺置管时间、穿刺总成功率、一次穿刺成功率、失败率及并发症发生率与对照组比较均有统计学差异（P ＜0.05）。结论给予择期手术患儿超声引导下深静脉穿刺置管术治疗可提高成功率,减少并发症,具有较高的应用价值,可推广应用。     

Limiting Vein Puncture to Three Needle Passes in Subclavian Vein Catheterization by the Infraclavicular Approach

Purpose With central venous catheterization, each additional vein puncture raises the risk of complications. We assessed the rate of failure and complications using a limiting rule whereby the number of needle passes for subclavian vein catheterization was restricted to three. Methods A prospective clinical trial was conducted between September 2001 and December 2003 in a university hospital surgical department. Two hundred and thirty-two adult patients were enrolled to undergo subclavian vein catheterization under non-emergency conditions. The patients were subjected to right subclavian vein catheterization by the infraclavicular approach. Vein puncture failure was defined as such if venipuncture was not accomplished after three attempts. Any arterial puncture was judged to be a failure immediately. Results Vein puncture failure occurred in nine patients (3.9%), and included two arterial punctures (0.9%). No other complications, such as pneumothorax, hemothorax, plexus lesion, mediastinal hematoma or bleeding, or air embolism, were observed. In multivariate analyses, a close to average body mass index (weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters, odds ratio 0.74; 95% confidence interval 0.56–0.97; P = 0.028) was associated with a low risk of failure. Conclusion Limiting the number of needle passes to three may therefore prevent mechanical complications. A low body mass index was predictive of vein puncture failure.     

Bilateral pneumothoraces secondary to latrogenic buffalo chest. An unusual complication of median sternotomy and subclavian vein catheterization.

Pneumothorax following subclavian venipuncture is a well-known risk. Less well recognized is the potential for life-threatening bilateral pneumothoraces occurring at the time of subclavian vein catheterization in patients who have previously undergone median sternotomy. Inadvertent bilateral pleural entry at the time of sternotomy may result in a common pleural space which subsequently places the patient in special jeopardy when the complication of pneumothorax occurs. This report documents the successful management of this important sequence of complications associated with now widely applied therapeutic interventions.     

Osteomyelitis of the clavicle. A case report.

Osteomyelitis of the clavicle is a rare complication of subclavian vein catheterization. The authors report the case of a patient with osteomyelitis in the right clavicle after subclavian venipuncture.     

Safe jugular and subclavian venipuncture under ultrasonographic guidance

Although jugular and subclavian venipuncture is a valuable technique and frequently utilized, blind venipuncture is at times associated with complications such as arterial puncture, pneumothorax, and malpositioning of catheters. We performed venipuncture under the guidance of high-resolution real-time ultrasonography, and these catheter-related complications were prevented. Jugular, subclavian and innominate veins and arteries, the pleura, and the lung are all delineated by supraclavicular and subclavicular scanning, and the needle and catheter can also be visualized. Ultrasonographically-assisted jugular and subclavian venipuncture is a simple and helpful procedure to carry out safe venipuncture. This method is particularly recommended for less experienced physicians and for more accurate puncture in patients with distorted cervical or subclavicular anatomic characteristics.     

Brachial thrombosis in a premature neonate. A case report

Arterial injuries in infants are rare and in most cases are of iatrogenic origin as a consequence of catheterization, venipuncture or arterial blood sampling. These lesions require an accurate, noninvasive clinical diagnosis and prompt exploration and reconstruction using microvascular techniques to restore perfusion and to avoid morbidity and even mortality. We present a 3-day-old infant with a brachial artery thrombosis by a white thrombus as a consequence of an unsuccessful attempt to introduce an intravascular catheter. A microvascular reconstruction was performed, with complete restoration of the blood flow. Any suspected vascular injury needs immediate clinical and diagnostic assessment in order to avoid potential life-threatening complications. Surgery is mandatory in case of extensive arterial injuries, in case of inadequate distal blood supply or in case of progressive worsening of ischemic clinical findings.     

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??Comparative study on two different implantable vascular access devices: An analysis of 2897 cases ZHOU Tao, TANG Tian-tian, LI Yun-tao, et al. Breast Center, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
Corresponding author: GENG Cui-zhi, E-mail: cuizhigeng@hotmail.com
Abstract Objective To compare the subclavian venipuncture with internal jugular venipuncture applied in the operation of implantable vascular access devices. Methods The different operative techniques and methods of 2897 adult cases of implantable vascular access devices performed between December 2008 and March 2014 in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University were analyzed retrospectively. The complications of two surgical techniques were compared. Results In 2897 cases, a total of 2718 (93.82%) cases were performed internal jugular venipuncture including 1222 cases of left internal jugular venipuncture and 1496 cases of right internal jugular venipuncture. There were 179 (6.18%) cases of subclavian vein puncture including 77 cases of left subclavian vein puncture and 102 cases of right subclavian vein puncture. The achievement rate of internal jugular venipuncture(98.68%) was higher than that in the subclavian venipuncture(88.83%) significantly (χ2=80.814, P=0.000). The implant complications occurred in 25 cases (0.86%??25/2897). The incidence of pneumothorax in subclavian venipuncture (4.47%??8/179) was higher than that in the internal jugular venipuncture significantly (0.04%??1/2718) (χ2=106.54??P=0.000). The incidence of pneumothorax between the left and right subclavian venipuncture had no difference(7.79% vs. 1.96%??P=0.077??. The incidences of hemothorax between left and right side had no difference (0.08% vs. 0.07%??P=0.697) and there was no death in the group. Conclusion The implantable vascular access device is a latest technology for the cases requiring long-term intravenous infusion. The internal jugular venipuncture is a safe and effective technique with relatively low incidence of complications.     

植入式静脉输液港两种不同植入方式对比研究（附2897例分析）

目的 探讨锁骨下静脉与颈内静脉两种不同穿刺方式植入式静脉输液港的对比研究。方法 回顾性分析2008年12月至2014年3月河北医科大学第四医院2897例成人植入式静脉输液港锁骨下静脉与颈内静脉穿刺植入的操作方法,并比较两种植入术式的相关并发症。结果 2897例中经颈内静脉穿刺共2718例（93.82%）,其中经左颈内静脉穿刺1222例,经右颈内静脉穿刺1496例;经锁骨下静脉穿刺179例（6.18%）,其中经左锁骨下静脉穿刺77例,经右锁骨下静脉穿刺102例。颈内静脉穿刺成功率（98.68%）明显高于锁骨下静脉穿刺成功率（88.83%）（χ2=80.814,P=0.000）。发生植入时并发症25例（0.86%,25/2897）,锁骨下静脉穿刺气胸发生率（4.47%,8/179）明显高于颈内静脉穿刺气胸发生率（0.04%,1/2718）（χ2=106.54,P=0.000）。左右侧锁骨下静脉穿刺气胸发生率差异无统计学意义（7.79% vs. 1.96%,P=0.077）。左右侧锁骨下静脉穿刺血胸发生率差异无统计学意义（0.08% vs. 0.07%,P=0.697）。全组无死亡病例发生。结论 植入式静脉输液港是临床需要长期静脉输液的常用技术。颈内静脉穿刺植入为一项安全、有效、并发症发生率相对较低的技术。     

Sinus of valsalva aneurysm and ventricular tachycardia during pulmonary artery catheterization

Pulmonary artery catheterization is associated with numerous complications, including serious arrhythmias. We report a case where ventricular tachycardia occurred repeatedly during attempted pulmonary artery catheterization, precluding successful catheterization. Transesophageal echocardiography was used to image the tricuspid valve and right ventricle and revealed a Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm protruding significantly into the right ventricle and obstructing advancement of the pulmonary artery catheter. Our case reveals another identifiable cause of serious arrhythmia during pulmonary artery catheterization and highlights how transesophageal echocardiography can be useful in unanticipated ways during cardiac anesthesia and surgery.