经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折的效果分析

目的探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折的效果。方法 30例病理性骨质疏松性椎体骨折患者根据随机抽签原则分为治疗组与对照组,每组15例。治疗组采用经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗,对照组给予常规经皮椎体成形术。结果所有患者都顺利完成手术,术前两组JOA评分对比差异无统计学意义,术后3个月治疗组的JOA评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。术前两组的椎体前缘高度对比差异无统计学意义,术后3个月治疗组的椎体前缘高度明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折能更好的促进患者椎体功能与椎体高度的恢复,值得推广应用。     

经皮椎体成形术与经皮球囊扩张椎体成形术治疗新鲜骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效对比

目的比较经皮椎体成形术(PVP)与经皮球囊扩张椎体成形术(PKP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(OVCFs)的临床效果及安全性。方法回顾性收集胸腰段单一椎体压缩骨折患者103例,PVP组48例,PKP组55例。比较2组手术时间、X线透视次数、骨水泥注入量及骨水泥渗透率的不同。随访并比较2组手术前后的视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)、椎体前缘高度及椎体后凸畸形Cobb角的变化。结果103例患者均获得完整随访,PVP组的手术时间、X线透视次数、骨水泥注入量明显低于PKP组(P<0.05);PVP组骨水泥泄露率明显高于PKP组(P<0.05)。2组术后2 d,6个月,12个月VAS、ODI评分较术前均显著改善(P<0.05),但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后随访各时间点椎体前缘高度PVP组明显低于PKP组(P<0.05),术后1年伤椎后凸畸形Cobb角平均纠正角度PVP组明显低于PKP组(P<0.01)。结论 PVP及PKP在治疗OVCFs中均取得满意临床疗效,均可明显缓解骨折引起的疼痛,PKP在恢复椎体高度及纠正后凸畸形方面具有优势,但PVP费用相对较低,且术中操作简单,值得进一步研究并推广。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗椎体良恶性肿瘤及老年性压缩性骨折疗效分析

目的探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗椎体良恶性肿瘤及老年性压缩性骨折的疗效。方法选取2011年3月12日~2016年11月12日我院收治的椎体肿瘤及压缩性骨折的老年患者68例作为研究对象,知情同意后随机分为研究组和参照组,每组各34例,参照组患者施行经皮椎体成形术,研究组患者施行经皮椎体后凸成形术。比较两组患者的临床效果。结果研究组患者术后椎间隙渗漏及椎体周围渗漏的发生率均明显低于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),研究组患者的术后骨水泥总渗漏率为8.8%,参照组患者术后骨水泥的总渗漏率为41.2%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者手术前VAS评分,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),研究组患者在术后1周、术后1、3个月VAS评分均明显低于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者术前ODI评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),研究组患者在术后1周、术后1、3个月ODI评分与参照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗椎体良恶性肿瘤及老年性压缩性骨折的疗效显著,明显减轻患者疼痛,降低骨水泥渗漏的发生率。值得在临床上借鉴使用。     

经皮椎体成形术及后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折

目的 分析研究经皮椎体成形术及后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折的临床价值.方法 选择2008年9月至2010年9月期间某院收治的54例OVCF患者,随机平均分为A组与B组.A组(27例)行经皮椎体成形术,B组(27例)行经皮椎体后凸成形术,分析比较两组患者的临床疗效.结果 A组的骨水泥渗漏发生率明显大与B组(P＜0.05).A组与B组患者的术后疼痛症状均得到明显改善,较术前差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组间的疼痛评分比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后2周与术后6个月差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).手术后2周,A组患者的椎体前柱、椎体后柱的恢复率均明显优于B组(P＜0.05);A组患者的后凸矫正率明显优于B组(P＜0.05).结论 经皮椎体成形术及后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折均能使患者的疼痛感减轻,两种方法对椎体高度均有很好的恢复,但经皮椎体成形术的骨水泥渗漏量较后凸成形术大.     

经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折的疗效观察

目的观察经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折的疗效。方法 2012年8月至2014年2月选择在我院诊治的骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折患者100例,所有患者都给予经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗。结果术前患者JOA评分为(9.59±2.18)分,术后1个月JOA评分为(21.48±3.45)分,术后JOA评分明显增加,且术后3个月JOA评分最高,但与术后1个月JOA评分相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术前患者椎体前缘和椎体中部高度分别为(62.91±4.22)cm和(72.14±5.25)cm,术后1个月椎体前缘和椎体中部高度明显增高,分别为(82.24±5.12)cm和(77.49±6.62)cm,与术前比较具有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后3个月椎体前缘和椎体中部高度相对于术后1个月无明显差异,(P>0.05)。结论经皮穿刺椎体成形术能够显著增加骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折患者JOA评分和椎体高度,有效改善椎体功能恢复。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗不伴神经症状骨质疏松性椎体爆裂骨折的临床观察

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗不伴神经症状的骨质疏松性椎体爆裂骨折的临床疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析2011年2月至2014年12月我院收治的100例单节段骨质疏松性椎体爆裂骨折患者的临床资料;按照治疗方法分为PVP组(经皮椎体成形术)和PKP组(经皮椎体后凸成形术)。对比两组手术时间、骨水泥注入量、住院时间、住院花费及骨水泥渗漏等并发症;对比两组术前、术后及随访结束时的疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)、椎体高度(前缘、中央)、后凸Cobb角、椎管占位程度及生活质量SF-36评分。结果两组术后及末次随访时的VAS、ODI、椎体高度、后凸Cobb角、椎管占位程度及SF-36评分均较术前明显改善,PKP在椎体高度、后凸Cobb角、椎管占位程度改善方面明显优于PKP组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用PVP和PKP治疗椎管占位<20%且无神经症状的不伴神经症状的骨质疏松性椎体爆裂骨折安全可行,二者各有优势,可根据具体情况选择。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床观察

目的观察经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床疗效。方法选择86例老年单纯性骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组采取经皮椎体成形术,观察组实施经皮椎体后凸成型术。比较两组手术前后疼痛视觉模拟评分、后凸矫正情况、骨水泥渗漏率。结果治疗后两组VAS评分均明显降低(P<0.01),两组间VAS评分和后凸畸形矫正率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组骨水泥渗漏率明显低于对照组(13.95%vs 41.86%)(P<0.01)。结论经皮椎体后凸成型术治疗可有效减轻老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折后疼痛程度,矫正后凸畸形,降低骨水泥渗漏率。     

经皮椎体成形术和经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年脊柱压缩性骨折的效果观察

目的：研究经皮椎体成形术（PVP）和经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术（PKP）治疗老年脊柱压缩性骨折的效果。方法选取本院2010年2月～2013年6月收治的老年脊柱压缩性骨折患者70例为研究对象,其中观察组35例,采用PVP,对照组35例,采用PKP。观察两组术后12周及1年的治疗情况。结果观察组显效17例,有效15例,无效3例,总有效率为91.4%,对照组显效18例,有效13例,无效4例,总有效率为88.6%,两组总有效率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。术后12周及1年,两组VAS评分较治疗前显著下降（P〈0.05）,两组BI评分较治疗前显著升高（P〈0.05）,两组VAS评分及BI评分比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。观察组术前及术后患椎前缘高度及Cobb角比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;对照组术前及术后患椎前缘高度及Cobb角比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;术后12周及1年,两组患椎前缘高度及Cobb角比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论 PVP和PKP治疗老年压缩性骨折患者均可恢复患者的日常生活,明显减轻疼痛,且PKP在纠正椎体后凸畸形及患椎前缘高度的疗效更为显著。     

椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床探讨

目的：探讨球囊扩张经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)与经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床效果。方法选取2012年3月~2014年2月本院收治的骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折行椎体成形术的患者105例,将患者分为两组,A组48例(行PKP);B组57例(行PVP)。比较两组的手术时间、骨水泥注入量、术前术后的VAS评分、椎体后凸角、椎体高度。结果105例患者术后均随访6个月,两组术后1 d、术后6个月的VAS评分与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 A、B组术后的椎体后凸角分别为(9.5±5.0)o和(12.2±3.5)o,与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),A、B组术后的椎体高度分别为(2.04±0.41)、(1.33±0.26) cm,与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。同时,A组的椎体后凸角改善程度、椎体高度恢复程度较B组明显(P<0.01)。结论 PKP与PVP能有效缓解骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者的疼痛,改善其临床症状,提高其生活质量,但在后凸畸形矫正,压缩椎体高度恢复方面,PKP具有明显的优势,在临床中有一定的研究及应用价值。     

经皮椎体成形术与后凸成型术对椎体压缩性

目的 对比评价经皮椎体成形术(PVP)和后凸成形术(PKP)治疗多节段椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效.方法 47例多节段椎体压缩骨折患者分为PKP组(n=23)和PVP组(n=24),分别行PKP和PVP,比较两组手术前后疼痛视觉评分(VAS)、椎体高度变化、上端椎椎体上缘及下端椎椎体下缘夹角(Cobb角)改变情况,以及术后并发症发生率、日常生活活动能力评分(BI).结果 2组术后的VAS、BI评分均与术前差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),且2组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);椎体高度和Cobb角变化PVP组与术前差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),PKP组与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),两组之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);PKP组有2例、3个椎体发生骨水泥渗漏,PVP组有9例、共17个椎体发生骨水泥渗漏,2组均未引发神经损伤或心血管反应.结论 PVP和PKP治疗椎体压缩骨折均有显著疗效,但PKP显著改善患者脊柱畸形、有效防止骨水泥渗漏,在安全性上优于PVP.     

Percutaneous absorption of parachlorometaxylenol

The in vitro percutaneous absorption of p-chlorometaxylenol (PCMX), a topical antiseptic, was investigated using pig skin. Solubility studies in aqueous Tween 80 solutions were performed to develop a surfactant solubilized formulation. In vitro diffusion studies were carried out using side-by-side diffusion cells and pig skin. The diffusion of PCMX through pig skin followed a steady-state flux model. The total permeation coefficient of PCMX through pig skin was found to be 2.97 × 10⁻⁴ ± 9.61 × 10⁻⁵ cm/min. It was observed that 18.1 ± 0.98% of the initial amount of PCMX was extracted from the skin.     

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is a nonoperative mechanical dilatation of atherosclerotic coronary artery stenosis by a balloon-tipped dilating catheter system. This method can effectively reduce highly stenotic coronary lesions and provide early recovery of ischemic but viable myocardium. The technique of transluminal angioplasty was originally devised by Dotter and Judkins (1964) for the treatment of atherosclerotic stenoses of peripheral arteries and was introduced in modified form by Grüntzig for the treatment of coronary artery disease in 1977. Recently this procedure seems to have been accepted world wide as one of the potential therapeutic modalities comparable to aorto-coronary bypass surgery in selected patients with angina pectoris. In this paper, the author introduced the present status of PTCA including his own data.     

Percutaneous Toxicity of Hexachlorobutadiene

Abstract Rabbits have been epicutaneously exposed to pure hexachlorobutadiene (0.25; 0.50; 0.75 and 1.00 ml/kg) during 8 hrs. This solvent was completely absorbed; some animals died within 24 hrs and others a few days later. The LD50 is 0.72 ml/kg (Bliss' method). Hexachlorobutadiene induced in situ cutaneous necrosis and its absorption induced systemic damage (fatty liver degeneration and epithelial necrotizing nephritis). These lesions are reversible. The present results confirm the toxicological profile of this solvent, previously established by the intraperitoneal and oral routes: hexachlorobutadiene is the most nephrotoxic aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbon.     

Percutaneous absorption of hexachlorophene

The skin distribution and percutaneous absorption of [¹⁴C]hexachlorophene have been studied in guinea pigs after washing with dishwashing detergent, a toilet soap and a toilet soap containing non-soap detergent (NSD). The deposition in human skin of [¹⁴C]hexachlorophene from the toilet soap and NSD bar has also been measured. The excretion of [¹⁴C]hexachlorophene by rats after intraperitoneal injection has been investigated.Most of the hexachlorophene applied to guinea pig skin in the dishwashing detergent was removed in the rinse water. Autoradiography of skin sections showed that, of the [¹⁴C]hexachlorophene remaining in the skin, most was deposited on the stratum corneum from the dishwashing liquid, the toilet soap and the NSD toilet bar. As depth into the skin increased, the amount of germicide present in successive sections rapidly decreased. The main differences between the autoradiograms was that the [¹⁴C]hexachlorophene from the dishwashing detergent and the NSD bar was seen in the hair follicles as well as penetrating transepidermally whereas only transepidermal penetration was seen when the [¹⁴C]hexachlorophene was applied in the toilet soap. Approx. 12 μg/20 cm² skin was deposited from the dishwashing liquid and approx. 12 μg/20 cm² skin from the NSD bar. The amount of hexachlorophene absorbed into the carcass through the 20 cm² skin washed with the NSD toilet bar was approx. 15 μg. From these figures it was calculated that a single washing of the entire human skin surface with the NSD bar containing 1% hexachlorophene could expose man to a maximum dose of 0.36 mg/kg.In human skin, the amount of [¹⁴C]hexachlorophene from a single wash varied from 0.1–0.7 μg/cm², depending upon the nature of the soap vehicle. Repeated washing increased the deposition from 0.1–0.9 μg/cm². Virtually all [¹⁴C]hexachlorophene disappeared from the skin in the 2 days after treatments.