托烷司琼预防含顺铂化疗药物所致恶心、呕吐的临床观察

目的:观察托烷司琼预防含顺铂化疗药物所致恶心、呕吐的疗效和不良反应。方法:将入选62例接受含顺铂联合化疗的恶性肿瘤患者,随机分成两组,观察组32例病人于化疗前使用托烷司琼止吐,对照组30例病人使用昂丹司琼。观察两组病人恶心、呕吐的控制情况及不良反应。结果:托烷司琼和昂丹司琼预防化疗后恶心、呕吐的有效率无明显差异(P>0.05);但完全控制率托烷司琼优于昂丹司琼(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率无明显差异。结论:托烷司琼能有效预防含顺铂化疗药物所致恶心、呕吐,安全性好。     

托烷司琼防治大、中剂量阿糖胞苷所致恶心、呕吐的疗效观察

目的：观察托烷司琼在防治大、中剂量阿糖胞苷所致恶心、呕吐的疗效和不良反应。方法：将入选的42例接受含大、中剂量阿糖胞苷化疗方案的患者,随机分成两组,观察组20例于化疗前使用托烷司琼止吐,对照组22例使用昂丹司琼。观察两组患者恶心、呕吐的控制情况及不良反应。结果：托烷司琼和昂丹司琼在预防恶心、呕吐的有效率上差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,但完全控制率托烷司琼优于昂丹司琼（P〈0．05）。两组不良反应发生率无明显差异。结论：托烷司琼能有效防治大、中剂量阿糖胞苷所致的恶心、呕吐,且安全性好。     

昂丹司琼预防口腔癌含顺铂化疗方案所致呕吐的临床效果

[目的]探讨昂丹司琼预防口腔癌含顺铂化疗方案所致呕吐的临床疗效.[方法]32例口腔癌患者术前诱导化疗或术后辅助化疗均采用含顺铂化疗方案(5-FU DDP BLM).应用随机自身对照方法,入组患者随机分为AB、BA两组,AB、BA组各16例.AB组第一疗程用昂丹司琼,第二疗程用胃复安;BA组第一疗程用胃复安,第二疗程用昂丹司琼.观察用止吐药后24 h内恶心、呕吐情况.[结果]①恶心情况昂丹司琼和胃复安疗效有明显差异,化疗后无恶心加轻度恶心者分别占83.5%和56.6%.②急性呕吐昂丹司琼对急性呕吐的有效率为84.4%,胃复安的为50.0%.两组间差异显著.[结论]昂丹司琼能有效预防口腔癌含顺铂化疗方案所致恶心呕吐,值得临床应用.     

托烷司琼和昂丹司琼在预防非小细胞肺癌患者TP方案化疗恶心呕吐作用的临床疗效观察

目的观察托烷司琼与昂丹司琼在预防非小细胞肺癌患者采用TP方案化疗所引起的恶心,呕吐的效果和不良反应。方法采用随机对照的方法。研究组（37例）用药为盐酸托烷司琼注射液,对照组（38例）用药为盐酸昂丹司琼注射液。每组患者均接受二个周期以上的化疗。观察对患者化疗后恶心呕吐的疗效和不良反应。结果托烷司琼和昂丹司琼对恶心的有效控制率分别为64．8％和60．5％,对呕吐的有效控制率分别为75．6％和71．0％,二组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;不良反应相似。结论托烷司琼和昂丹司琼对化疗所致的恶心呕吐均有较好的疗效,但托烷司琼1次／d,用药方便,依从性好。     

盐酸帕洛诺司琼与盐酸昂丹司琼预防化疗所致恶心、呕吐对比的临床观察

目的观察盐酸帕洛诺司琼注射液对化疗所致胃肠道反应的疗效.方法将58例接受含顺铂化疗药物的患者随机分组,试验组(29例)应用盐酸帕洛诺司琼注射液,对照组(29例)应用昂丹司琼.观察和记录两组患者化疗过程中恶心、呕吐的发生情况.结果预防化疗所致恶心、呕吐的完全控制率,急性期内两组均分别为96.55%、93.10%,延迟期内试验组和对照组分别是79.31%、55.18%;全呕吐期分别是86.21%、62.27%,试验组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论盐酸帕洛诺司琼注射液对预防化疗引起的急性期呕吐、恶心效果与昂丹司琼相当,对于延迟期呕吐、恶心,效果优于昂丹司琼.     

昂丹司琼联合地西泮防治顺铂化疗所致恶心呕吐的临床观察

目的:评价昂丹司琼联合地西泮防治顺铂化疗所致恶心、呕吐的疗效。方法:将81例患者随机分为A、B两组,A组化疗前应用昂丹司琼8 mg,2次/d,静脉注射,地西泮10 mg,1次/d,静脉注射;B组化疗前单用昂丹司琼8 mg静脉注射,2次/d,对两组药物的疗效进行比较。结果:两组药物控制延迟性呕吐的有效率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),在控制延迟性恶心、呕吐方面,昂丹司琼联合地西泮优于单用昂丹司琼。结论:昂丹司琼联合地西泮可作为预防化疗所致恶心、呕吐的常规方案。     

格拉司琼和昂丹司琼预防含顺铂方案止吐疗效的观察

目的观察格拉司琼、昂丹司琼预防含顺铂（cisplatin,DDP）化疗方案引起的恶心、呕吐的临床疗效和不良反应。方法印例患者采用含DDP方案化疗,随机分为2组,分别给予格拉司琼（莱琪）、昂丹司琼（欧贝）预防恶心、呕吐反应。结果防治恶心、呕吐的有效率格拉司琼组为83．3％,昂丹司琼组为86．7％,2组之间疗效比较差异无显著性;2种止吐药毒副反应相似,以便秘、乏力及头痛多见,但程度较轻。结论格拉司琼、昂丹司琼均为含DDP方案化疗的有效止吐药,其疗效相似,不良反应轻,病人可耐受。     

托烷司琼联合地塞米松预防顺铂化疗所致恶心呕吐的临床研究

目的：观察托烷司琼联合地塞米松预防顺铂方案化疗所导致的恶心、呕吐,评价其安全性。方法将50例含顺铂20 mg/（m^2·d）×5 d化疗方案的恶性肿瘤患者随机分为两组,观察组26例接受托烷司琼联合地塞米松治疗,对照组24例接受托烷司琼治疗。观察患者化疗引起的急性期、延迟期呕吐的完全缓解率及无呕吐发作率。结果观察组急性期、延迟期呕吐完全缓解率优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。观察组急性期、延迟期无呕吐发作率优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。两组患者不良反应主要为头痛、便秘、腹部不适,症状轻微,患者耐受。结论托烷司琼联合地塞米松能有效预防顺铂化疗所致的急性期、延迟期呕吐反应,且安全性较好。     

托烷司琼与昂丹司琼预防乳腺癌FAC方案化疗所致恶心呕吐效果比较

目的:观察托烷司琼与昂丹司琼在预防乳腺癌FAC方案化疗所引起的恶心、呕吐的效果和不良反应。方法:采用随机自身对照法,将52例乳腺癌患者随机分为AB、BA两组,均接受两个周期FAC方案(环磷酰胺、表阿霉素、氟尿嘧啶),AB组第1周期用托烷司琼止吐,第2周期用昂丹司琼止吐,BA组第1周期用昂丹司琼,第二周期用托烷司琼止吐。两周期化疗后观察对患者恶心、呕吐情况和两种止吐药的不良反应。结果:托烷司琼与昂丹司琼对恶心有效控制率分别为90.4%和73.1%,对呕吐有效控制率分别为94.2%和80.8%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:托烷司琼对化疗所致的恶心呕吐有较好的疗效,用药方便,每日一次,可作为首选药。     

盐酸托烷司琼预防化疗所致恶心呕吐的疗效观察

目的探讨盐酸托烷司琼预防化疗所致恶心呕吐的临床疗效及其不良反应。方法对131例以顺铂为基础的联合化疗患者分别采用盐酸托烷司琼(盐酸托烷司琼组,68例)和昂单司琼(昂单司琼组,63例)预防化疗所致的恶心呕吐,比较两组疗效及不良反应。结果盐酸托烷司琼组食欲不振、恶心及呕吐有效控制率均较昂单司琼组高(<0.05);两组不良反应以一过性腹痛、便秘、头痛及头晕为主,均较轻,差异无显著性(>0.05)。结论盐酸托烷司琼能有效预防化疗所致的恶心呕吐,疗效要优于昂单司琼。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.