风寒草的生药学鉴别

为配合提高四川省地方习用中药材质量标准,对风寒草进行系统的生药学鉴别.方法采用生药学常规方法,进行性状、显微、薄层鉴别.结果从叶和花的着生方式、被毛等方面鉴别药材;从茎横切面各部位的比例、分泌细胞的分布等进行显微鉴别,叶上、下表面观和粉末镜检中鉴别表皮细胞、气孔、非腺毛、腺毛、色素块等;薄层上均可检出槲皮素斑点,不同产...     

湖广草的显微结构研究

目的 研究湖广草的显微结构特征,为鉴定、开发利用和制定其质量标准提供参考依据.方法 用显微鉴别的方法 对湖广草进行鉴定研究.结果 根次生构造不发达,具表皮;茎四角有明显棱脊,内有厚角组织,角隅处发达;叶及其粉末中可见腺鳞、小腺毛和非腺毛等.结论 以上特征具有显微鉴别意义,可做为鉴别湖广草的依据.     

田菁的生药学鉴别

目的对田菁进行生药学研究。方法采用性状鉴别、显微鉴别及紫外-可见吸收光谱鉴别等方法。结果田菁根韧皮部散在少量纤维;茎棱脊处有厚角组织,韧皮部可见纤维群和分泌腔;叶栅栏组织有两列细胞;粉末中可见较多非腺毛、纤维和方晶。扫描200～800 nm,发现6种不同的提取液都有吸收峰。结论研究结果为制定田菁质量标准提供参考依据。     

Pharmacognostic identification of Sesbania cannabina

目的 对田菁进行生药学研究.方法 采用性状鉴别、显微鉴别及紫外-可见吸收光谱鉴别等方法.结果 田菁根韧皮部散在少量纤维;茎棱脊处有厚角组织,韧皮部可见纤维群和分泌腔;叶栅栏组织有两列细胞;粉末中可见较多非腺毛、纤维和方晶.扫描200～800 nm,发现6种不同的提取液都有吸收峰.结论 研究结果为制定田菁质量标准提供参考依据.     

洋甘菊与其误用品黄花补血草的鉴别

目的建立维吾尔药洋甘菊与其误用品黄花补血草的鉴别方法。方法采用性状、显微与理化鉴别的方法。结果洋甘菊与黄花补血草的性状鉴别特征为:洋甘菊花为头状花序,茎表面草绿色;黄花补血草花呈漏斗状或倒圆锥状,茎中空,表面浅褐色。显微特征区别:洋甘菊茎横切面可见厚角组织、中柱鞘维管束,黄花补血草茎横切面无厚角组织、中柱鞘维管束;粉末鉴别中洋甘菊的花粉粒外具钝刺状突起,黄花补血草花粉粒有的外壁有1列排列整齐的小型细胞。结论该研究结果可以作为两者的鉴别依据。     

独一味的生药学研究

目的对独一味的地上部分进行生药学研究。方法采用显微鉴定的方法对独一味的地上、地下部分进行了鉴别。结果从表皮细胞上非腺毛、腺鳞,栅栏组织,叶肉细胞中的草酸钙针晶鉴别了独一味叶的横切面;从气孔的有无及类型,非腺毛和腺鳞鉴别了上下表皮;从非腺毛、腺鳞、草酸钙方晶、草酸钙针晶和花粉粒的形态、大小鉴别了粉末;从导管的排列方式鉴别了根的横切面。结论研究结果可用于独一味的鉴别。     

维药新疆阿魏的生药鉴定

目的:研究维药新疆阿魏的生药鉴定特征。方法:利用性状、显微和薄层鉴别法为该药进行初步鉴定研究,并确立其鉴别特征。结果:该品根、茎及叶的横切面中均存在不规则树脂道,尤见茎中树脂道最多;粉末中观察到非腺毛、淀粉粒、螺纹和网纹导管、石细胞及方晶等;全株具有特殊的葱蒜样臭味。薄层色谱中,供试品与阿魏酸对照品相应的位置上,显相同颜色的斑点。结论:本研究可为新疆阿魏的鉴别、开发利用及质量标准提供依据。     

华钩藤与无柄果钩藤显微结构对比研究

目的：为两种钧藤的药材鉴别和质量标准制定提供理论依据：方法：采用显微结构特征鉴别法．结果：无柄果钩藤钩的木质化程度较高,而且髓部略呈“十”字形,而华钩藤木质部不发达;无柄果钩藤的茎和钩髓部都有明显厚壁细胞散在,而华钩藤无此特征：无柄果钩藤叶表面非腺毛近无,而华钧藤叶表面有少量单细胞非腺毛。。粉末中华钩藤的非腺毛极少,而无柄果钩藤较多：华钩藤粉末木化程度较高,以具缘纹孔导管为主。,结论：上述特征可作为该药材显微鉴别的依据．     

红树药用植物银叶树的生药学研究

目的对红树植物银叶树进行生药学研究,为开发利用该药材提供参考依据。方法采用原植物鉴别、性状鉴别、显微鉴别、理化鉴别方法对银叶树进行研究。结果药材叶的背面密被银白色鳞片。根、茎、叶均可见大型草酸钙结晶;茎的皮层与韧皮部间有异常维管束,髓部有多个分泌道;叶片主脉维管束发达;粉末中可见晶鞘纤维及非腺毛。经紫外光谱扫描发现有明显的吸收峰。结论上述特征可作为银叶树质量标准的参考依据。     

草木犀药材的生药学研究

目的:研究草木犀药材的生药学。方法:从原植物形态、性状特征、显微特征和药材浸提物的紫外光谱、药材粉末的红外光谱方面对草木犀进行定性鉴别。结果:草木犀药材根横切面可见辐射型维管束中有19束射线;茎横切面髓部占整个横切面的4/5;小叶片横切面主脉维管束正上方有栅栏组织通过;叶柄横切面呈心形,内有3个大小不等的维管束成三角形排列;叶表皮分布有细胞组成的腺毛和单细胞非腺毛;组织解离中叶可见草酸钙方晶的晶纤维,不定式气孔,叶柄有腺毛和非腺毛表面可见疣状突起,螺纹导管;提取物紫外光谱图、药材粉末二阶导数红外光谱图特征明显。结论:该研究所建标准可用于草木犀药材的生药学鉴别。     

Alkaloid constituents of Sida acuta, S. humilis, S. rhombifolia and S. spinosa

Three types of alkaloidal constituents, viz., beta-phenethylamines, quinazolines and carboxylated tryptamines, in addition to choline and betaine have been isolated from Sida acuta Burm., S. humilis Willd., S. rhombifolia L., and S. spinosa L. and characterized by their physical and spectral properties, and by chemical transformations. The qualitative and quantitative variations in the alkaloidal constituents of roots and aerial portions at different stages of growth were also noted. Elaboration of the quinazoline alkaloids seems to be a characteristic feature of this genus. The favourable combination of sympathomimetic amines and vasicinone in these species would account for their major therapeutic uses in the Indian system of medicine.     

Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Nine Medicinal Plants from Zaire

Abstract

Zairean medicinal plants were extracted and screened for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. Of nine plants investigated, extracts of six plants (Alchornea cordifolia, Bridelia ferruginea, Eucalyptus citriodora, Hymenocardia acida, Maprounea africana and Sida rhombifolia) demonstrated a marked antibacterial activity against the microorganisms Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans; and extracts of four plants (A. cordifolia, E. citriodora, M. africana and S. rhombifolia) exhibited significant antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Microsporum gypseum. Extracts from A. cordifolia and M. africana were the most active with a MIC value of 62.5 μg/ml. Fractionation of the crude methanol extracts revealed that the bactericidal and fungicidal constituents of the active plants were mainly distributed in their ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions. These results may provide a basis for the isolation of compounds of biological interest from these medicinal plants.     

激光显微切割技术联合HPLC-TOF/MS定性分析金银花花蕾腺毛成分

目的 分析金银花花蕾腺毛成分，为金银花药材质量评价和控制提供参考。方法 采用激光显微切割技术获取花蕾腺毛，低温冷冻涡旋法去除花蕾表皮毛（腺毛与非腺毛），HPLC-TOF/MS检测花蕾、去表皮毛花蕾和腺毛中的成分，通过对照品对照、数据库检索及质谱裂解规律进行结构解析和鉴定。结果 从花蕾中鉴定成分37种，去表皮毛花蕾中鉴定31种，腺毛中鉴定35种；相对于花蕾，腺毛缺少2种酚酸类成分，去表皮毛花蕾缺少6种黄酮类成分。结论 腺毛含有多种次生物质，是金银花花蕾次生物质合成积累的重要场所，与金银花药材品质密切相关。     

罗汉果花和茉莉花的性状与显微鉴别

建立罗汉果花和茉莉花的性状与显微鉴别.用性状与显微鉴别对市场收集的罗汉果花的样品进行分析.发现罗汉果花中合有腺毛,不合草酸钙簇晶及块状物;茉莉花中含有草酸钙簇晶,块状物等显微特征.上述特征可作为罗汉果花和茉莉花鉴别的依据.     

忍冬不同栽培类型花蕾形态学比较

目的:比较忍冬不同栽培类型花蕾的形态学特征,为忍冬栽培品种的划分及优良品种的选育提供依据。方法:利用形态学观察方法,对9个不同栽培类型忍冬的二白期花蕾进行系统地观察比较。结果:不同栽培类型忍冬花蕾在形态、颜色、大小、外表面非腺毛密度、腺毛密度等方面具显著性差异。结论:忍冬不同栽培类型在花蕾上存在较大差异。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定人毛发中的美沙酮

目的:建立人毛发中美沙酮的液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。方法:人毛发经清洗研磨后,在pH 9.2的硼酸缓冲液中超声90 min,固相萃取法提取,用LC-MS/MS检测。结果:人毛发中美沙酮的检出限为0.01 ng.mg-1,线性范围为0.1-100 ng.mg-1(r=0.9988),回收率96.7%-118.6%,日内及日间精密度<10%。用此法测定人毛发阳性对照品,结果满意。结论:本方法灵敏度高,适用于人毛发中美沙酮的测定。     

Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Sida cordifolia.

Abstract

Sida cordifolia. Linn. (Malvaceae) is commonly known as bala. and widely used in Ayurveda. The comparative antioxidant potential of ethanol extracts of Sida cordifolia. leaf, stem, root, and whole plant was studied. Anti–lipid peroxidation, free-radical scavenging, reducing power, nitric oxide scavenging, superoxide scavenging antioxidant assay, and further estimation of total phenolic content and HPTLC studies were carried out. Various antioxidant activities were compared with standard antioxidants such as BHA, α-tocopherol, and ascorbic acid. Ethanol extracts were found to be a good scavenger of DPPH radical in the order roots > stem > leaves > whole plant with values 76.62%, 63.87%, 58% and 29% at a dose of 1 mg, respectively. All extracts of Sida cordifolia. (SC) have effective reducing power and free-radical scavenging activity. Only the root extract exhibited superoxide-scavenging activity and inhibited lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenate. All these antioxidant properties were concentration dependent. In addition, total phenolics content of all the extracts of S. cordifolia. were determined as gallic acid equivalents. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the root extract. The results obtained in the current study indicate that S. cordifolia. is a potential source of natural antioxidants.     

盘龙参药材的质量标准研究

目的:制定盘龙参药材的质量标准。方法:根据2010年版《中国药典》方法,鉴别盘龙参的性状、显微特征,采用浸出物测定法、灰分测定法、重金属测定法、砷盐测定法、水分测定法检测杂质,采用薄层色谱(TLC)法与高效液相色谱法进行定性、定量研究。结果:不同产地的盘龙参药材性状各不相同;显微鉴别常见韧皮纤维、非腺毛和导管;冷、热浸出物量分别不得低于7.0%、17.0%;总灰分不得超过7.0%,酸不溶性灰分不得超过0.4%;重金属和砷盐含量未超标;水分不得超过12.0%。TLC斑点清晰、分离度好;山柰酚进样量在0.0122～0.3050μg范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好的线性关系,平均加样回收率为99.61%,RSD=2.89%(n=6)。结论:所建标准可用于盘龙参药材的质量控制。     

Wound healing activity of Sida cordifolia Linn. in rats

Introduction:

The present study provides a scientific evaluation for the wound healing potential of ethanolic (EtOH) extract of Sida cordifolia Linn. (SCL) plant.

Materials and Methods:

Excision, incision and burn wounds were inflicted upon three groups of six rats each. Group I was assigned as control (ointment base). Group II was treated with 10% EtOH extract ointment. Group III was treated with standard silver sulfadiazine (0.01%) cream. The parameters observed were percentage of wound contraction, epithelialization period, hydroxyproline content, tensile strength including histopathological studies.

Result:

It was noted that the effect produced by the ethanolic extract of SCL ointment showed significant (P < 0.01) healing in all wound models when compared with the control group. All parameters such as wound contraction, epithelialization period, hydroxyproline content, tensile strength and histopathological studies showed significant (P < 0.01) changes when compared with the control.

Conclusion:

The ethanolic extract ointment of SCL effectively stimulates wound contraction; increases tensile strength of excision, incision and burn wounds.KEY WORDS: Burn injury, excision injury, incision injury, Sida cordifolia Linn. wound healing