膝关节隐匿性骨折的MRI诊断

目的:探讨膝关节隐匿性骨折的MRI表现与诊断价值.方法:常规X线平片检查骨质未见明显异常患者32例,结合临床病史高度怀疑隐匿性骨折的存在,行MRI检查.结果:在32例患者中,MRI检查发现隐匿性骨折位于股骨外侧髁11例,股骨内侧髁9例,胫骨近端5例,同侧股骨、胫骨关节面相邻两端同时发生隐性骨折(对吻骨折)7例.伴有或不伴有线样异常信号的T1WI低信号,T2WI略高信号,STIR呈明显高信号,常伴有韧带等软组织损伤.结论:MRI检查对于膝关节隐匿性骨折具有较高的诊断价值,减少或避免误诊和漏诊.     

颈段脊柱损伤的MRI诊断

目的 探讨ＭＲＩ在颈段脊柱损伤中的应用价值。材料与方法 ３０例颈椎外伤患者行ＭＲＩ检查。所有患者均行Ｘ线检查,其中６例行ＣＴ检查。结果 ３０例中伤及颈５～７占８０％,根据ＭＲＩ表现将颈段脊柱外伤分为５类：单纯压缩性骨折;泪滴性骨折;爆裂性骨折;骨折脱位,无骨折脱位。全部病例ＭＲＩ均清楚显示伴有脊髓信号的异常,２例可见脊髓断裂。结论 ＭＲＩ可以对颈椎损伤形态及脊髓、韧带、间盘等软组织损伤作出准确的评     

关节内胫骨平台骨折的MRI诊断:对骨折分型和伴随的软组织损伤的价值

目的：比较ＭＲＩ和Ｘ线断层摄影评价急性胫骨髁骨折时骨折类型、关节面塌陷和骨碎裂的程度,并用ＭＲＩ描述伴随的软组织损伤。方法：对２７例急性胫骨平台骨折患者,行Ｘ线断层摄影和ＭＲＩ,后者应用Ｔ１Ｗ、质子密度自旋回波、ＳＴＩＲ及Ｔ２Ｗ梯度回波等技术。按ＡＯ分型系统对骨折分型,测量关节面塌陷和骨碎裂的程度,并记录软组织损伤的情况。结果：ＭＲＩ判断骨折为Ｂ１型７例,Ｂ２型６例,Ｂ３型６例,另８例为复杂的Ｃ型骨折。ＭＲ和Ｘ线检查的分型基本一致,２例ＭＲ分类为Ｂ３型骨折,而Ｘ线断层将其分为Ｂ１型。Ｘ线断层摄影…     

膝关节内侧副韧带损伤的X线诊断

膝关节内侧副韧带损伤的Ｘ线诊断匡楚龙胡爱东膝内侧副韧带损伤在膝韧带损伤中最为常见。当没有股骨内髁或胫骨内髁撕脱骨折时，易漏诊。双膝０°加压外展正位Ｘ线平片检查对本病有重要的诊断与鉴别诊断价值。我们通过６例膝内侧副韧带完全性断裂的病例得出以下经验，现介...     

膝关节隐性骨折及合并其它损伤的MR诊断价值

目的 探讨膝关节隐形骨折及合并其它损伤的MRI诊断价值.方法 68例膝关节外伤患者均行X线和MRI检查.结果 68例X线平片均未见骨折征象.MRI检查发现膝部隐形骨折83处,以股骨内外髁、胫骨上端多见,发生75处,骨折线多为线形、树枝状等;32例合并膝部韧带损伤;22例合并半月板损伤;60例合并膝关节腔内积液.结论 对于临床症状明显而X线检查未见异常的膝关节外伤患者,MR检查应作为首选的进一步检查方法.     

CT对髋关节与膝关节隐匿性骨折的诊断价值

目的 评价CT对髋、膝关节隐匿性骨折的诊断价值。方法 30例临床上疑有髋、膝关节隐匿性骨折患均经CT检查。对全部患者的CT表现进行了回顾性分析，并与X线平片相对照。结果 30例患者X线平片检查均为阴性，而CT横断面图像均明确地显示了骨折。30例中，髋关节骨折14例（髋臼骨折8例，股骨头骨折4例，股骨颈骨折2例），膝关节骨折16例（胫骨平台骨折8例，胫骨髁间隆起基底部骨折3例，股骨外髁骨折2例，股骨内髁骨折1例，髌骨骨折2例）。结论 CT对髋、膝关节隐匿性骨折的诊断具有很高的准确性，且明显优于X线平片。当临床怀疑骨折而X线未显示或显示不清者，应进行CT检查。     

Segond骨折的影像征象分析

目的 :探讨Segond骨折时膝关节韧带、骨骼损伤的影像征象。方法:回顾性分析30例Segond骨折患者的影像学及临床资料,对Segond骨折中相关的十字韧带、内外侧副韧带损伤、半月板损伤、胫骨平台、股骨内外侧髁、腓骨小头骨折的影像学表现进行总结。结果:影像诊断前交叉韧带完全断裂19例,前交叉韧带部分断裂1例,前交叉韧带胫骨止点处骨折10例,内侧副韧带损伤18例,后交叉韧带断裂1例,半月板损伤21例,股骨内髁损伤20例,股骨外髁损伤26例,胫骨平台后份骨折26例,腓骨近端骨折14例,关节积液30例。结论:Segond骨折与膝关节韧带及骨损伤密切相关,认识Segond骨折各种相关损伤的影像表现,可减少漏诊。     

胫骨应力性骨折32例诊治体会

胫骨应力性骨折在训练伤中发病率较高,因骨折线不明显而易被误诊。１９９４～１９９８年,我部先后发生胫骨应力性骨折３２例,报告如下。１临床资料１．１一般情况本组３２例,均为男性新兵;年龄１７～１８岁。骨折部位均在胫骨中下１／３处,其中双侧３例,左侧１９例,右侧１０例。骨折发生于新兵训练开始后１个月左右。起初表现为小腿疼痛、困乏,活动时加重,休息后减轻,尔后胫前中下１／３处出现肿块,呈梭形或条索状,三度硬,非活动性。局部有压痛及叩击痛。跛行,但不影响持重、活动及行走。３２例中有６例经Ｘ线摄片检查,其中…     

脊柱爆裂骨折的影像学评价

目的：阐述脊椎爆裂骨折的Ｘ线、ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ表现及其对治疗的指导作用。材料与方法：回顾性分析１２０例脊椎爆裂骨折的影像和临床资料,其中颈椎１４例,胸椎３４例,胸腰椎交界处５９例,腰椎１３例;男８９例,女３１例,平均年龄３３岁。伤后全部行Ｘ线正侧位片;９０例ＣＴ平扫,其中４１例行ＣＴ多平面重建;ＭＲＩ平扫６７例。结果：Ｘ线、ＣＴ表现为椎体高度减低,椎体纵或横形骨折崩解,终板骨折移位并突入椎管,椎管狭窄,椎板骨折,棘突间或椎弓间距增大;ＭＲＩ同时还显示了脊髓受压信号异常及后纵韧带、棘间韧带、椎间盘的撕裂。结论：平片诊断爆裂骨折需与单纯压缩骨折鉴别,明确诊断需ＣＴ证实;ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ能对爆裂骨折明确诊断;平片对指导治疗作用不大,ＣＴ有一定价值,爆裂骨折需行ＭＲＩ检查以帮助决定外科手术的方式     

膝部骨挫伤的MRI评估

目的：进一步认识膝部骨挫伤的ＭＲＩ表现以及与其他结构损伤的关系。材料和方法：回顾性分析膝部外伤后６周内行ＭＲＩ检查的５８例连续性资料，骨挫伤与其他结构损伤诊断由两位骨关节放射专家一致认可，采用相关分析法确定二者有无关系。根据损伤机理，就其挫伤部位推断其他哪些结构可能出现损伤。并将２１例骨挫伤ＭＲＩ表现与退变对照比较。结果：骨挫伤与其他结构损伤有关系（ＯＲ＝５．１５），扭伤为骨挫伤最常见的原因，胫骨平台后外侧与股骨外髁中部骨挫伤多见，常伴有前交叉韧带及内侧副韧带撕裂，软骨、内侧半月板损伤及创伤性滑膜炎。其次为胫骨平台内侧与股骨内髁挫伤，多伴有外侧副韧带撕裂、软骨、内侧半月板损伤及创伤性滑膜炎。根据病变部位、形态及Ｔ２Ｗ信号特点等，结合临床可与膝关节退变鉴别。结论：根据骨挫伤的ＭＲＩ表现可引导发现相关隐匿性损伤，避免误诊与漏诊     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.