Verruciform xanthoma of the penis in a young male masquerading as squamous cell carcinoma: Case Report

Verruciform xanthoma (VX) is a relatively rare benign lesion of unknown etiology with a predilection for oral mucosa. Penis is an uncommon location and to date only 17 cases of VX of penis have been reported. The lesion assumes importance as it can be easily mistaken for verrucous carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. We present herein a case of penile VX in a 25-year-old man who was referred to our institute with a histopathologic diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma reported elsewhere. On microscopy the lesion demonstrated florid verruciform hyperplasia of the epidermis with hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis and acanthosis. There was a dense infiltrate of foam cells in the papillary dermis (a hallmark of VX), which were positive for CD68 and negative for S-100 protein. We present this case to highlight the significance of recognizing VX in extra oral location. An awareness of this entity is crucial to prevent misdiagnosis and halt inappropriate therapeutic intervention. Keywords: penis, squamous cell carcinoma, verruciform xanthoma, verrucous carcinoma.     

Immunophenotype of clonogenic cells in myeloid leukaemia

Leukaemic clonogenic cells, capable of forming colonies of blast cells in an in-vitro assay, were examined for surface antigen expression using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) to stem cell and myeloid differentiation antigens in nine cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and four cases of chronic myeloid leukaemia in myeloid blast crisis (CML-MBC). Clonogenic cells were found to be most frequently positive with anti-HLA-DR (positive in 100% cases) and RFB-1 (71%) Mabs, with significant reactivity also being seen with CD-33 (69%) and CD-13 (61%) myeloid specific antibodies. CD-11b and CD-15 antigens, expressed predominantly on mature leucocytes, were not significantly expressed on the clonogenic population. Interestingly, the CD-34 antigen, detected by MY-10 Mab on normal myeloid progenitor cells, was demonstrated on the clonogenic fraction of only one of seven cases tested. A discrepancy between antigen expression of clonogenic cells and immunophenotype of the total leukaemic population was frequently seen, with "early" markers (CD-33, HLA-DR, RFB-1) expressed on a higher proportion of the clonogenic fraction than the overall population, while the converse was the case for the "later" marker, CD-11b. Based on the known normal distribution of differentiation antigens, particularly the CD-13 antigen, cases could be ranked according to clonogenic phenotype into immature (CD-13- HLA-DR+ CD-33+ or CD-33-; five cases), and mature (CD-13+ HLA-DR+ CD-33+; eight cases), levels. However, there was no correlation between these maturation levels and the morphology according to the FAB classification. Of note, the mature group included three CML-MBC, as well as two AML cases with a history of myelodysplasia or myeloproliferative disorder. These immunophenotypic findings indicate a heterogeneity in the level of maturation of the clonogenic population, not only in cases of de-novo AML, but also in AML thought to derive from multipotential stem cells.     

VX2-induced rabbit buccal carcinoma: A potential cancer model for human buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma

The buccal mucosa is the site at highest risk of contracting malignancy in habitual betel-quid chewers who expose the buccal mucosa to high doses of carcinogens. Of all oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), those of the buccal mucosa are most associated with the poorest prognoses. Therefore, an animal model would be helpful to evaluate new treatment modalities for buccal SCC. We evaluated whether the VX2 rabbit cancer model could be employed as a cancer model for human buccal SCC. Ten adult male, New Zealand White outbred rabbits were randomly divided into two groups A (n = 2) and B (n = 8). A 0.5 ml VX2 tumor cell suspension containing approximately 40 × 10⁶ vital cells was injected intramuscularly into the right hind paw of the two rabbits of group A. Four weeks later, moderately to poorly differentiated hind paw SCCs were apparent in both rabbits of group A. No abdominal organ metastases, but multiple pulmonary metastases, were found in both animals. Fresh solid tumor pieces (about 5 × 5 mm) obtained from group A animals were subsequently inserted into the surgically created spaces of the left cheeks of the eight rabbits of group B. Ulcerated buccal tumors (moderately to poorly differentiated SCCs) were found in all eight animals 6 weeks later. No internal organ metastases were noted in any of the eight rabbits, but a total of 11 with an average of 2.75 cervical lymph node metastases were found in four of the eight animals. Mandibular bone and tooth pulp invasion by cancer cells was also noted in one animal. In conclusion, our findings indicated that VX2-induced rabbit buccal carcinomas could be a potential cancer model for human buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma.     

Verruciform xanthoma--biological profile of 282 oral lesions based on a literature survey with nine new cases from Japan

The biological profile of oral verruciform xanthoma (VX) is presented based on a world-wide literature survey of 282 cases. From 1979 onwards, extraoral cases have also been reported. This rare, harmless lesion with a sessile or pedunculated base is a red/pink, papillary/granular/verrucous mucosal growth, occurring in females (mean age, 54.9 yrs) and males (mean age, 44.2 yrs) in a female:male ratio of 1:1.1. The most common location is by far the gingival margin and other areas of the masticatory oral mucosa. Comparison between 173 non-Japanese and 109 Japanese patients with oral VX showed few discrepancies in epidemiological data, indicating only few significant ethnic differences between the two cohorts. Histomorphologically, the epithelium covering the lesion can be divided into three groups: (A) a verrucous, (B) a papillary and (C) a flat pattern. The hallmark of all VX, irrespective of the lesion being intra- or extraoral is, however, the presence of vacuolated, foam or xanthoma cells which ultimately replace the connective tissue between the epithelial ridges. The xanthoma cells have been shown to be cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. The present concept of the etiology and pathogenesis of VX, including the possible viral (HPV) association is revised, based on both intra- and some extraoral cases, and it is concluded that it is still far from being clarified.     

Establishment and characterization of a rabbit oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line as a model for in vivo studies

The incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is increasing but the long-term survival rate remains low. An animal model would therefore be helpful for evaluation of new treatment modalities for oral SCC. Hamster is small animal, therefore, the cancer of hamster cheek pouch is not optimal for tumor imaging. The VX2 cell line has been used in many carcinoma-related studies, including oral SCC research, but it is derived from cutaneous tissue and not mucosa. We chemically induced tongue squamous cell carcinoma in rabbits and subsequently established a rabbit squamous cell line. The cells grew in multiple layers without contact inhibition for 60 passages over 2 years and were positive for cytokeratin (CK). Electron microscopy revealed that cells were polygonal with rich microvilli on the surface, and there were desmosomes between cells and bundles of tonofibril beside the cell membrane. The chromosome number ranged from 71 to 272, with a modal value of 145 (12.4%). The cells were transplantable into nude mice subcutaneously or rabbit submucosally and produced carcinomas in all the animals. The cell line should be a useful tool for the study of the biological characteristics of oral SCC, especially tongue SCC.     

PD-L1与MTA1在口腔鳞癌中的表达与临床意义

目的 探讨程序性死亡配体1(Programmed death-Ligand1,PD-L1)与转移相关基因1(Metastasis associated gene1,MTA1)在口腔鳞癌组织以及正常口腔粘膜组织中的表达情况、分布状态,二者的相关性及临床意义。方法 应用免疫组化方法检测PD-L1与MTA1在45例口腔鳞癌组织及20例正常口腔粘膜组织中的表达情况,分析二者表达的相关性及二者与口腔鳞癌组织临床病理学参数的关系。结果 PD-L1在口腔鳞癌组织及正常口腔粘膜组织中的阳性表达率分别为75.56%和15.00%,MTA1在口腔鳞癌组织及正常口腔粘膜组织中的阳性表达率分别为66.67%和10.00%,口腔鳞癌组织及正常粘膜组织的相对表达量具有统计学意义差异(P＜0.05)。PD-L1与MTA1的表达与口腔鳞癌的TNM分期有关(P＜0.05),口腔鳞癌组织中PD-L1与MTA1的表达有相关性(φ=0.366,P=0.037)。结论 PD-L1与MTA1可能在口腔鳞癌发生发展起到重要作用,可能成为潜在的新型联合靶点。     

口腔鳞癌MicroRNA-150表达及其与肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的相关性

目的 探讨口腔鳞癌miRNA-150的表达及其与口腔癌相关巨噬细胞（tumor-associated macrophages, TAMs）的相关性和临床意义。方法 采用mRNA表达谱芯片分析3例口腔鳞癌和3例年龄、性别相匹配的正常口腔上皮黏膜组织,应用qRT-PCR和免疫双荧光染色方法检测45例口腔鳞癌组织及38例正常口腔黏膜组织中miR-150和CD68/IL-10蛋白的表达情况,并分析其与口腔鳞癌患者临床病理特征的关系。结果 与正常口腔组织比较,口腔鳞癌组织中miR-150和IL-10的表达均升高（均P<0.05）,并且CD68+IL-10+ TAM的浸润增加（P<0.05）;口腔鳞癌组织中miR-150表达升高与患者病理分期、分化程度和淋巴结转移相关（均P<0.05）。结论 miR-150可能通过调控M2型巨噬细胞的表型转换发挥免疫抑制功能并参与口腔鳞癌的发生与发展。     

p53和p21基因蛋白表达与胃癌侵袭力的关系

采用免疫组织化学方法研究了６８例胃癌中癌细胞ｐ５３和ｐ２１基因蛋白表达与癌细胞侵袭力的关系。结果表明：６８例胃癌中有３６例ｐ５３基因蛋白染色阳性（５２．９％）,４８例ｐ２１基因蛋白染色阳性（７０．６％）;浸润于浆膜层和肌层的癌细胞ｐ５３蛋白染色的阳性程度明显高于粘膜层癌细胞（Ｐ＜０．０５）;浸润性生长的癌细胞中ｐ５３和ｐ２１蛋白阳性程度均明显强于膨胀性生长的癌细胞（Ｐ＜０．０５）;淋巴结转移病例的癌细胞其ｐ５３和ｐ２１蛋白染色阳性率（分别为５４．３％和７３．９％）与无淋巴结转移的病例（分别为５０．０％和６３．６％）无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）;有淋巴结转移的病例中,原发癌ｐ５３蛋白阳性强度与转移癌正相关（γ＝０．６８,Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果提示：ｐ５３和ｐ２１基因蛋白染色阳性程度较高的胃癌细胞具有较强的侵袭力。     

Risk of the Contralateral Mucosa in Patients with Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders

Background: It is known that abnormal changes may occur in any part of the oral mucous membraneexposed to a carcinogen. Therefore patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) are at risk ofdeveloping similar lesions at multiple sites. Objectives: To determine the risk of the contralateral mucosa inpatients presenting with oral PMDs. Materials and methods: Sixty individuals with PMDs were selected for thisstudy. These comprised 32 (53.3%) Indians, 23 (38.3%) Chinese, four (6.7%) Malays and one (1.7%) Nepalese.All selected cases had histopathological confirmation of their primary existing lesion as inclusion criteria. Casesthat subsequently presented with a lesion in the corresponding anatomical site also underwent scalpel incisionalbiopsy on this second lesion to verify its diagnosis. The remaining cases that presented with unilateral PMDs atthe time of study were subjected to a cytobrush biopsy on the normal looking contralateral mucosa. Results: Atotal of 70 primary PMDs were detected in 60 patients. The most common PMD found was oral lichen planus(n=40, 57.1%). Of the 60 patients studied, 28 (46.6%) exhibited bilateral lesions either synchronously (n=21,35.0%) or metachronously (n=7, 11.6%). The remaining cases that had undergone cytobrush biopsy on thecorresponding anatomical site yielded normal cytological results. Conclusions: Present findings demonstratedthat patients presenting with PMDs in the upper aerodigestive tract are at a greater risk of developing a secondlesion most probably in the contralateral anatomical site.     

Meningeal Rosai-Dorfman disease: report of three cases and literature review

Rosai-Dorfman disease is a well-recognized clinicopathological entity, which in rare cases affects the central nervous system, where it mimics meningioma. We describe three cases and review the literature. Histological and immunohistochemical confirmation is essential for definitive diagnosis. In addition to emperipolesis (lymphophagocytosis), reactivity for S-100 and CD68 and nonreactivity for CD-1a immunostaining are characteristic features of this histioproliferative disease. In contrast to meningioma, this tumor usually occurs in young males and infiltrates the brain parenchyma.     

Liposarcoma of the tongue: clinico-pathologic correlations of a possible underdiagnosed entity

Liposarcoma (LS), one of the most common malignant tumors, is considered as a rarity in the oral cavity, the tongue being the most frequent site for its occurrence. The purpose of the present study was to review and analyze the clinico-pathologic correlations of 32 cases of LS of the tongue, including four new cases from the files of our department. A total of 32 cases of LS of the tongue were collected, 29 from a MEDLINE search of the English language literature (1966-2004). Since the histopathologic features of one of the four new cases have been presented previously, this case was counted only once. LS of the tongue is a tumor of adult and old age, with a mean age of approximately 62 years and a peak incidence in the seventh and eighth decades. Clinically, it is a long-standing tumor that commonly presents as a solitary nodular mass, but can also present as a multi-nodular lesion. The most common histopathologic type is that of atypical lipomatous tumor (ALT)/well-differentiated LS (75%). LS can be easily misdiagnosed with both benign and malignant lipomatous and non-lipomatous tumors. LS of the tongue was commonly treated by local excision, however, there were cases of (multiple) recurrences and dedifferentiation. When a lipomatous lesion is encountered in the oral cavity, and especially in the tongue, LS should certainly be among the lesions that top the list of differential diagnosis. The follow-up must be on a long-term basis since this tumor can recur years after initial surgical treatment and can also undergo dedifferentiation.     

胃黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤临床分析

 目的 探讨胃黏膜相关（MALT）淋巴瘤的临床特点和合理治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析总结10例胃MALT淋巴瘤临床资料,包括临床表现、胃镜、胃活组织病理检查、免疫组化检查及幽门螺杆菌（HP）检测和治疗方法。结果 10例均有上腹部不适或疼痛,其中6例伴有黑便。胃镜检查均见病灶处分布大小不等结节状隆起,病灶质地僵硬,接触易出血,7例见病灶处分布大小不等溃疡。6例病灶位于胃窦,2例位于胃角,2例位于胃体;胃活组织病理检查均显示胃黏膜组织中间质内有大量小淋巴细胞弥漫性浸润,浸润淋巴滤泡的边缘带,取代和破坏部分胃黏膜腺体和上皮成分。免疫组化：LCA（+）,CD+20,CD+79a,bcl-2（+）,CD-3,CD-5,CD-10,KP-1（-）,Ki-67（-）。HP检测7例阴性,3例阳性。治疗：5例手术+化疗,2例单纯化疗,2例单纯手术,1例单纯抗HP治疗。除2例手术治疗患者失访外,其余8例至今均处于完全缓解期（CR）,CR时间7 ~ 36个月,中位CR时间17.8个月。结论 胃MALT淋巴瘤临床表现不典型,其发生和HP感染密切相关,诊断主要依据病理和免疫组化检查,其显示免疫表型以结外边缘带B细胞呈单克隆浸润为特点,抗HP治疗是有效治疗方法。     

Expression of RCAS1 is significantly associated with the progression and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinomas in Taiwan

This study used an immunohistochemical technique to examine the expression of receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells (RCAS1) in 84 specimens of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), 106 specimens of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED, 32 mild, 44 moderate, and 30 severe OED cases), and 20 specimens of normal oral mucosa (NOM). We found that the mean RCAS1 labeling indices (LIs) increased significantly from NOM (12+/-5%) through mild OED (31+/-13%), moderate OED (44+/-17%), and severe OED (56+/-18%) to OSCC samples (68+/-20%, p<0.001). A significant correlation was found between the higher mean RCAS1 LI and OSCCs with larger tumor size (p=0.001), positive lymph node metastasis (p<0.001), or more advanced clinical stages (p<0.001). Positive lymph node metastasis (p=0.0073) and RCAS1 LI > or = 60% (p=0.048) were identified as independent unfavorable prognosis factors by multivariate analyses with Cox regression model. Kaplan-Meier curve showed that OSCC patients with a RCAS1 LI > ot = 60% had a significantly poorer cumulative survival than those with a RCAS1 LI<60% (log-rank test, p=0.0113). We conclude that the expression of RCAS1 is an early event in oral carcinogenesis. The RCAS1 LI in OSCC samples can predict the progression of OSCCs and the survival of OSCC patients.     

Community based oral precancerous lesions/conditions : an analysis of associated factors

Despite overwhelming evidence documenting the carcinogenic effects of tobacco, the per capita consumption of tobacco is alarmingly increasing. A base line survey has been conducted in 4 villages in central India. Tobacco users were identified and interviewed. The oral mucosa was examined for the clinical lesions. Odds ratios for the oral precancerous lesions/conditions were assessed utilising the woolfs method. Out of the 3088 rural pupulation examined, 21.6% were found to be habituated to tobacco. Out of 668 tobacco users, 492 (73.6%) were chewing tobacco with lime. Premalignant lesions (leukoplakia) was observed in 111 cases. Premalignant condition (oral sub mucous fibrosis) was found in 12 cases. Out of 138 adult tobacco chewers who began the habit at or before the age of 14 years, 68.8% chewed 10 grams or more of tobacco per day compared with 42.8% (51 out of 119) of those who started the habit when they were 25 years or older (P< 0.001).     

Ciliated metaplasia in the gastric mucosa. Studies on Japanese patients

A total of 137 consecutive gastrectomy specimens from Japanese patients having either chronic peptic ulcer, focal (elevated) dysplasia or intramucosal carcinoma were scrutinized under high-power examination (X 1000) for the presence of ciliated cells. In 48 specimens (35.0%) ciliated cells were found in non-neoplastic dilated pyloric glands. The highest percentage was found in cases with focal (elevated) dysplasia (42.6%) or intramucosal carcinomas of intestinal type (41.6%) and the lowest in cases with intramucosal carcinoma of the diffuse type (15.4%) or chronic peptic ulcer (16.0%). Ciliated cells in the gastric mucosa seem therefore to be a common phenomenon in Japanese subjects and appear to be a new indication that the gastric mucosa of Japanese patients may differ from the gastric mucosa of Europeans.     

DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinoma and VX2-induced rabbit cancer as a model for human oral carcinogenesis

In this article, we have described and compared the advantages and disadvantages of two potential animal cancer models (the hamster buccal pouch cancer model and the VX2-induced rabbit cancer model) for human squamous cell carcinomas of the oral mucosa. Currently, no animal cancer model is perfectly applicable to human oral squamous cell carcinomas. This is because the hamster buccal pouch cancer model has a different etiology and genetic constitution compared with human oral carcinomas. In addition, the VX2-induced rabbit cancer model is not produced in situ and, consequently, its natural behavior is totally reliant on the location of transplantation. Nonetheless, with the use of these two animal cancer models together, researchers could evaluate different aspects of the cellular and molecular biological characteristics or assess potential novel treatment regimens for squamous cell carcinomas of the human oral mucosa.     

Decrease in mast cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma: possible failure in the migration of these cells

It is becoming accepted that multiple cell types in stromal microenvironment are involved in tumorigenesis. In this setting, mast cells (MC) display a diversity of roles that may contribute to the defense against tumors or tumor progression. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate density and migration of MCs in OSCC (oral squamous cell carcinoma) and pre-malignant oral hyperkeratosis (leukoplakia) as well as their relationship with clinical and microscopic parameters. The tryptase and c-kit expression was analyzed in 38 cases of OSCC, 26 cases of leukoplakia, and 12 cases of clinically healthy oral mucosa (control) by means of immunohistochemistry. The tryptase(+) cell numbers were decreased in OSCC (P=0.0003) and leukoplakia (P=0.03) compared with control. Similar numbers of tryptase(+) cells were observed in leukoplakia and OSCC (P=0.31). The density of c-kit(+) MCs was also significantly lower in OSCC and leukoplakia in relation to control resulting in a reduced c-kit(+)/tryptase(+) relationship in OSCC (19%) in comparison with leukoplakia (59%) and control (63%). No correlation was observed between MC populations with clinical and microscopic characteristics of OSCC. Our findings suggest that the decrease in MC numbers in pre-malignant and malignant oral lesions may be related to the migration failure of these cells, possibly reflecting an important modification in the microenvironment during tumor initiation and progression.     

Melanocytic nevi of the oral mucosa - no evidence of increased risk for oral malignant melanoma: an analysis of 119 cases

Pigmented nevi of the oral mucosa are rare benign melanocytic tumours. Epidemiological data are scanty, and the etiology and pathogenesis of these lesions are poorly understood. Reports are mainly based on isolated cases or a relatively small series of cases. Some reviews have drawn attention to the frequent localization of these lesions on the hard palate, the site of preference for oral malignant melanoma (OMM). However, as yet, there is no direct proof that oral melanocytic nevi (OMNs) constitute precursor lesions of OMM. 119 cases of OMNs, registered at the nationwide Registry of Pathology (PALGA) in The Netherlands during the period 1980–2005, have been evaluated. Subepithelial OMNs were the most commonly recorded lesions (96 cases), followed by blue (10 cases), compound (7 cases) and junctional OMNs (5 cases). Only one case of a combined nevus was recorded. None of the patients developed OMM during a mean follow-up period of 8.6 years.

We present an analysis of this series of cases, together with a review of the literature. The findings of the present evaluation do not give support for the hypothesis of OMN being a marker for an increased risk of future development of OMM.     

Relative Frequency of Oral Malignancies and Oral Precancer in the Biopsy Service of Jazan Province, 2009-2014

Background: The objective of this study was to report the types and relative frequency of oral malignancies and precancer in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia during the period 2009-2014. Materials and Methods: Pathology reports were retrieved from the archives of Histopathology Department, King Fahd hospital in Jazan. Demographic data on tobacco habits, clinical presentation and histologic grading of oral precancer and cancer cases were transcribed from the files. Results: 303 (42.7%) oral pre-malignant and malignant cases were found out of 714 oral biopsy lesions. A pathology diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (85.1%) was most frequent, followed by premalignant lesions/epithelial dysplasia (8.6%), verrucous carcinoma (3.3%) and malignancy of other histological types (3%) such as ameloblastic carcinoma, salivary gland malignancy and sarcomas. Oral squamous cell carcinoma was predominant in females with a male to female ratio of 1:1.9. Patient age ranged from 22 to 100 years with a mean of 65±13.9. Almost 44.6% of oral cancer had occurred after 65 years of age. Only 16.3% cases were reported in patients younger than 50 years, predominantly females. The majority of female patients had the habit of using shammah with a long duration of usage for more than 45 years. Buccoalveolar mucosa (52.3%) was the common site of involvement followed by tongue/ floor of the mouth (47.7%) and clinically presented mostly as ulceration/swelling clinically. Moderately differentiated tumours (53.9%) were common followed by well differentiated (32.2%) and poorly differentiated tumours (5.8%). The prevalence of oral verrucous carcinoma (3.3%) was comparatively low with an equal distribution in both males and females. Both bucco-alveolar mucosa and tongue were predominantly affected. Oral precancer/epithelial dysplasia (8.6%) was common in females with a shammah habit. Bucco-alveolar mucosa was commonly involved and clinically presented mostly as white/red patches. Most cases were mild followed by moderate and severe dysplasia. Tumours of other histological types (3%) include 1 ameloblastic carcinoma, 3 malignant salivary gland tumours and 5 sarcomas. Conclusions: In this study, it was found that oral cancers reported in the pathology service to be a common occurrence. This study reconfirms previous reports of the high burden of oral cancer in this population This indicates that conventional preventive programs focused on oral cancer are in need of revision. In addition, further research into identifying new risk factors and molecular markers for oral cancer are needed for screening high risk individuals.     

口腔疣状癌MMP-2、TIMP-2的表达及意义

目的研究口腔疣状癌中MMP-2、TIMP-2的表达,探讨其在口腔疣状癌发生发展的作用和意义。方法取15例口腔疣状癌,10例正常口腔粘膜,20例口腔鳞癌(高、低分化鳞癌各10例),应用免疫组织化学S-P法检测上述标本中MMP-2、TIMP-2表达和分布。结果口腔疣状癌和口腔鳞癌中MMP-2、TIMP-2主要表达于癌细胞胞浆,正常口腔粘膜MMP-2、TIMP-2为阴性表达。口腔疣状癌MMP-2阳性表达率为26.7%(4/15),平均染色强度低于高分化鳞癌和低分化鳞癌组(P<0.05)。口腔疣状癌TIMP-2阳性表达率为73.3%(11/15),阳性表达率、平均染色强度高于口腔高分化鳞癌组和口腔低分化鳞癌组(P<0.05)。口腔疣状癌、口腔高分化鳞癌、口腔低分化鳞癌MMP-2、TIMP-2表达均高于正常口腔粘膜(P<0.05)。结论口腔疣状癌具有一定的侵袭和转移能力。但从MMP-2、TIMP-2表达水平来看,口腔疣状癌侵袭、转移能力弱于口腔高分化鳞癌和口腔低分化鳞癌。