产科弥漫性血管内凝血24例临床分析

目的：探讨产科弥漫性血管内凝血（DIC）的早期诊断及治疗。方法：对本院24例产科DIC患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：24例产科DIC中19例抢救成功,5例死亡。结论：产后出血、胎盘早剥、羊水栓塞是主要诱因,早期诊断,去除诱因．合理使用肝素．及时补充凝血因子,果断切除子宫是产科DIC治疗成功的关键。     

产科弥漫性血管内凝血45例临床分析

目的探讨产科弥漫性血管内凝血（DIC）的临床特点及病因诊断治疗相关措施。方法对45例产科DIC的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果45例产科DIC中,经临床及时诊断及早输血、给予肝素等治疗措施后,所以患者均抢救成功,无一例死亡;其中子宫切除14例,子宫切除率31.1%。产科DIC的诱发因素依次是：产后出血、妊娠期高血压、羊水栓塞、胎盘因素、死胎、重度肝炎等。结论尽早处理DIC的诱因,补充新鲜血及凝血因子,适时切除子宫,积极防治多脏器功能衰竭（MODS）是对抢救产科DIC具有重要临床意义。     

产科弥散性血管内凝血20例临床分析

目的提高产科弥散性血管内凝血（DIC）的诊治水平。方法回顾性分析20例产科DIC患者的临床资料。结果14例早期诊治的DIC患者均抢救成功，6例晚期患者均死亡。结论早期诊治是降低产科DIC死亡率的关键。     

产科弥散性血管内凝血10例临床分析

目的探讨产科弥散性血管内凝血（DIC）的病因、救治方法与预防，以减少DIC的发生。方法回顾性分析10例产科DIC患者的临床资料。结果抢救成功9例，占90％。死亡1例为羊水栓塞合并DIC患者。结论抢救成功的关键是早期诊断、合理应用肝素与凝血因子，终止妊娠或予以子宫切除。     

产科DIC 16例临床分析

目的探讨产科DIC的诱因、临床特点及诊治策略。方法对我院收治的16例产科DIC患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 16例患者中抢救成功14例,死亡2例;剖宫产13例,子宫切除6例;围生儿13例,死亡4例。结论重度子痫前期、胎盘早剥、前置胎盘、宫内死胎、产后出血、重症肝炎是产科DIC的发病诱因。对产科DIC应做到早诊断、早治疗,积极去除病因,及时治疗多器官功能衰竭（MODS）是抢救产科DIC的有效方法。     

产科弥散性血管内凝血16例临床分析

目的探讨产科弥散性血管内凝血（DIC）的临床特点及诊治策略。方法对我院2003年1月～2009年7月收治的16例产科DIC患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果DIC的发生与严重产科并发症,如重度胎盘旱剥、子痫前期、子宫破裂、产后出血、羊水栓塞、妊娠期急性脂肪肝等有关。16例患者中抢救成功11例,死亡5例,剖宫产10例,子宫切除9例,围生儿死亡10例。结论产科DIC发病急骤、病情凶险、母儿死亡率高。早期诊断、正确治疗、及时终止妊娠是抢救DIC的关键。     

产科弥漫性血管内凝血30例临床分析

目的：探讨产科弥漫性血管内凝血（DIC）的诊断及治疗方法,提高临床抢救的成功率。方法：对2005年10月~2010年10月5年间收治的30例产科DIC病例进行回顾性分析。结果：产科DIC高危因素为胎盘早剥、妊娠高血压疾病、产后出血、羊水栓塞。去除病因、止血、合理使用肝素及补充凝血因子、高度警惕全身各脏器缺血性损害是抢救产科DIC患者的重要方法。结论：早期明确DIC的诊断,大量输注凝血因子、血小板及新鲜血浆,及时使用肝素,果断终止妊娠或切除子宫是抢救产科DIC患者的关键。     

产后DIC手术病人的护理抢救体会

产后弥漫性血管内凝血（DIC）是产科严重的并发症,死亡率较高,本文介绍产科2例DIC继发多系统器官功能衰竭（MSOF）手术患者成功抢救护理体会。     

产科急性弥漫性血管内凝血9例分析

目的：探讨产科弥漫性血管内凝血（DIC）正确治疗的时机和方法。方法：分析9例产科DIC的病因，临床表现及实验室检查，诊断和治疗。结果与结论：9例产科DIC6例抢救成功，3例失败。表明对产科DIC应早期作出正确诊断并去除病因，结束分娩。     

产科弥散性血管内凝血23例临床分析

目的探讨产科弥散性血管内凝血（DIC）的临床特征及早期诊断治疗方法。方法回顾性分析23例产科DIC患者的临床资料。结果23例患者均发病于孕晚期,以严重的阴道出血伴休克为主要临床表现,15例早期应用肝素治疗,全部抢救成功。结论积极防治孕晚期阴道出血,有可能降低产科DIC的发生;早期使用肝素综合治疗,可显著降低病死率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.