上海市犬体表媒介蜱寄生情况初步调查

目的初步了解上海市犬体表蜱虫寄生情况。方法2011年3-12月,在上海市18个区(县)采用动物体表采集法捕获犬体表蜱类样本,将蜱虫样本带回实验室,在解剖显微镜下观察成蜱形态,通过形态学鉴定蜱种类。结果在上海市18个区(县)共调查犬1 950只,其中在嘉定、闵行、浦东、松江、黄浦、金山6个区的犬体表共捕获蜱虫328只,经实验室鉴定分为2属2种;宠物犬体表寄生的蜱种为血红扇头蜱和长角血蜱,实验犬和警犬体表寄生的蜱种为血红扇头蜱。结论血红扇头蜱是上海市犬体表寄生的优势蜱种,长角血蜱是新发现的寄生于上海市犬体表的硬蜱蜱种;应加强对媒介蜱的防控。     

气候变化对我国微小扇头蜱分布区的影响

目的 分析影响我国微小扇头蜱地理分布的环境因子及微小扇头蜱在我国的潜在适生区,分析气候变化对我国微小扇头蜱分布的影响.方法 检索我国微小扇头蜱地理分布相关的国内外公开发表文献,提取地理位置信息.结合环境因子,应用ArcGIS 10.7软件和最大熵模型,对微小扇头蜱在我国的适生区分布和影响其分布的主导环境因子进行预测.结...     

滇西横断山区家畜体表蜱类调查及鉴定

目的 调查滇西横断山区家畜体表蜱的种类。方法 采集家畜体表寄生的蜱虫,经形态学鉴定后,用PCR法扩增蜱虫样本的16S rRNA、12S rRNA、COI、ITS2的基因片断,测序后进行序列分析。结果 共采集成虫蜱样本1 874只,经形态学鉴定为1科、1属(扇头蜱属Rhipicephalus)、4种,其中微小扇头蜱(R. microplus)1 637只(占87.35%)),镰形扇头蜱(R. haemaphysaloides)218只(11.63%),短小扇头蜱(R. pumilio)11只(0.59%),血红扇头蜱(R. sanguineus)8只(0.43%)。样品分子鉴定结果与形态学鉴定结果一致。系统发育树分析显示,微小扇头蜱Y2 16S rRNA、12S rRNA、COI、ITS2的基因序列分别与来自印度(EU918188)、贵州(KC503259)、马来西亚(KM246873)、贵州(KC503274)的微小扇头蜱在同一分支上,而与以往云南发现的微小扇头蜱不在同一分支;镰形扇头蜱Y5的 16S rRNA、12S rRNA和COI基因序列分别与来自泰国(KC170743)、台湾(DQ003005)和湖南(KM083593)的镰形扇头蜱在同一分支上;短小扇头蜱Y6和Y01 的ITS2基因序列与来自澳大利亚的短小扇头蜱(AF271282)在同一分支上。结论 滇西横断山区家畜体表蜱以微小扇头蜱为优势种,短小扇头蜱为云南境内首次发现。     

江西省赣州市蜱携带立克次体和埃立克体的调研

目的 了解江西省赣州市蜱的种类及其携带的病原体,为蜱传疾病的防控提供科学依据方法 在野外用布旗法和在动物体表采集蜱,进行种类鉴定。用PCR法扩增立克次体(Rickettsia sp.)gltA基因和埃立克体(Ehrlichia sp.)16S rRNA基因片段并测序,进行系统进化分析结果 江西省赣州市4县采集的395只蜱的种类包括2属4种,分别为血蜱属的长角血蜱(Haemaphysalislongicornis)、嗜群血蜱(H. concinna)、具角血蜱(H. cornigera)和扇头蜱属的微小扇头蜱(Rhipicephalus microplus)。395只蜱分为43批检测立克次体和埃立克体,共有18批阳性。系统进化分析显示,龙南县22批蜱中检测到16批阳性,来源于具角血蜱的LN1615株与扇头蜱立克次体(R. rhipicephali)处于同一分支,来源于微小扇头蜱的LN1620株与马赛立克次体(R. massiliae)处于同一分支,其余的12株来源于具角血蜱和2株来源于微小扇头蜱,与日本立克次体(R. japonica)处于同一分支。崇义县CY1602株来源于嗜群血蜱与R. raoultii处于同一分支。于都县YD1606株为来源于长角血蜱的埃立克体,与2010年Yonaguni206(HQ697589)、Yonaguni138(HQ697588)和2009年HLAE178(GU075695)处于同一分支。安远县微小扇头蜱检测均为阴性结论 本文对江西省赣州市采集的蜱进行了鉴定,首次在江西省赣州市的蜱中检测到日本立克次体、扇头蜱立克次体、马赛立克次体、R. raoultii和埃立克体,为江西省蜱种类的调查及其传播疾病的预防控制提供根据。     

镰形扇头蜱半饱血雌蜱cDNA文库的构建

目的 为了筛选抗蜱及蜱传疾病基因工程疫苗的抗原候选分子,构建了镰形扇头蜱半饱血雌蜱cDNA表达文库。方法 用Frizol试剂提取镰形扇头蜱半饱血雌蜱总RNA,经反转录合成cDNA第一链,应用长链PCR(LD-PCR)扩增方法,合成双链cDNA。双链cDNA(ds cDNA)在Sfi I内切酶的作用下,形成两端分别带有Sfi I A和Sfi I B的粘性末端。经CHROMA SPIN-400柱纯化,收集500bp以上的双链cDNA片段,将其连接于带有Sfi工A和Sfl I B末端的λTriplEx2噬菌体载体,经体外包装后,以XL1-Blue为受体菌构建cDNA噬菌体表达文库。结果 经测定,库容量为4.2×106,重组率为96％。扩增后的文库滴度为2.04×1010pfu/ml。通过对文库中随机挑选的15个克隆进行序列分析,获得一个编码线粒体ATP酶第6亚基蛋白的全长cDNA序列。结论 结果显示,镰形扇头蜱半饱血雌蜱cDNA表达文库已构建成功。     

广西地区家畜牛、羊体表硬蜱情况调查及种类鉴定

目的 掌握广西地区牛羊场硬蜱种类及其分子特征,了解该地区蜱类的分类地位,为养殖户防控硬蜱及蜱媒传染病提供参考依据。方法 本实验于2019年1月至2021年11月,采用动物体表法采集寄生的蜱类;提取蜱基因组,PCR扩增3种硬蜱的线粒体16S rDNA和COI基因片段,并进行同源性分析。基于邻接法,用MEGA6.0软件分别构建系统发生树,进行遗传进化分析。结果 牛羊体表上共采集蜱2 030只,隶属1科2属3种,其中微小扇头蜱1 968只,长角血蜱49只,具角血蜱13只。PCR扩增微小扇头蜱、长角血蜱和具角血蜱16S rDNA和COI基因片段长度分别是460 bp和710 bp左右,分别与GenBank中已登录的相应种类相似较高且在一个进化分支上。结论 广西地区牛羊场优势蜱种是微小扇头蜱且存在长角血蜱和具角血蜱。三蜱种16S rDNA和COI序列存在多样性和地域差异性。     

基于16S rDNA和COⅠ基因的3种血蜱分子生物学鉴定

目的利用16S rDNA基因及线粒体DNA细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(cytochrome oxidase subunitⅠgene,COⅠ)基因建立3种形态学特征相近的血蜱属蜱类-长角血蜱、褐黄血蜱及铃头血蜱的分子生物学鉴定方法,探讨它们的系统发生关系。方法在上海市动物体表采集寄生蜱,在解剖显微镜下进行形态学鉴定后,提取蜱样本基因组DNA,采用PCR方法从蜱基因组中扩增16S rDNA及COⅠ基因,测序后进行同源性分析,用Mega 6.0软件分别构建系统发生树并进行系统进化分析。结果3种血蜱中长角血蜱的16S rDNA序列和COⅠ序列与GenBank中的长角血蜱的16S rDNA序列和COⅠ序列同源性分别为96.0%~97.2%,96.9%~98.8%;褐黄血蜱的16S rDNA序列和COⅠ序列与GenBank中的褐黄血蜱的16S rDNA序列和COⅠ序列同源性分别为95.9%~98.3%、87.1%~91.9%;铃头血蜱的16S rDNA序列与GenBank中来自日本的铃头血蜱(AB819170)的16S rDNA序列同源性为97.5%;3种血蜱16S rDNA基因之间的同源性分别为88.0%、87.0%、86.9%,COⅠ基因之间的同源性分别为80.4%、80.8%、82.8%。用16S rDNA及COⅠ基因构建系统发生树中,长角血蜱、褐黄血蜱分别与已知的长角血蜱和褐黄血蜱聚在一起,长角血蜱、褐黄血蜱均形成独立的分支。结论在传统形态学分类的基础上结合分子生物学鉴定方法能更准确地鉴定蜱的种类,并能更好地了解其系统发育进化关系。     

湖南省怀化地区微小扇头蜱溴氰菊酯抗药性及与钠离子通道结构域Ⅲ基因突变位点的关联研究

目的 检测湖南省怀化地区微小扇头蜱对溴氰菊酯的抗药性及蜱虫钠离子通道基因碱基突变位点,并探究两者间的关联。方法 2022年6—9月,从湖南省怀化地区黄牛养殖场采集微小扇头蜱,采用成虫浸渍法检测所采集的蜱虫对溴氰菊酯的抗药性。采用PCR技术扩增抗药及非抗药微小扇头蜱钠离子通道结构域Ⅲ基因,经测序、比对,检测序列中的碱基突变位点。翻译微小扇头蜱钠离子通结构域Ⅲ基因,检测其氨基酸序列信号肽、跨膜结构域、磷酸化与糖基化位点,推导抗药及非抗药微小扇头蜱钠离子通道结构域Ⅲ蛋白三级结构,并对其差异进行比对分析。结合抗药性检测、序列与蛋白三级结构比对结果,分析碱基突变位点与抗药性间的关联。结果 所采集微小扇头蜱对溴氰菊酯的半数致死浓度(LC₅₀)为121.39 mg/L、95%致死浓度为(LC₉₅)为952.61 mg/L;其对溴氰菊酯的抗性系数(RF)为9.24,抗药程度(RL)为Ⅱ级抗药。所获得的微小扇头蜱钠离子通道结构域Ⅲ基因序列长度为1 010 bp,在抗药性微小扇头蜱钠离子通道结构域Ⅲ基因序列中检测出2个相邻碱基突变位点。抗药及非抗药微小扇头蜱钠离...     

COI基因DNA条形码技术在福建省蜱类鉴定中的应用

目的 探讨基于线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基I(COI)基因的DNA条形码技术应用于福建省蜱类鉴定的可行性。方法 蜱标本经形态学鉴定后提取基因组DNA,PCR扩增COI基因片段,并进行测序和比对,用Kimura-2-parameter模型计算种内及种间遗传距离,以邻接法构建系统发育树。结果 经形态学鉴定,97只蜱隶属于5属12种,遗传距离计算结果显示,种间遗传距离(14.65%~26.79%)显著大于种内遗传距离(0~7.14%);BLAST同源性比对发现GenBank数据库中尚无越原血蜱(Haemophysalis Yeni)与基刺硬蜱(Ixodes spinicoxalis)的COI基因序列,褐黄血蜱(H.flava)、台岛血蜱(H.formosensis)、豪猪血蜱(H.hystricis)、粒形硬蜱(I.granulatus)、微小扇头蜱(Rhipicephalus microplus)与血红扇头蜱(R.sanguineus)的形态学鉴定与DNA条形码鉴定结果一致,但是,龟形花蜱(Amblyomma testudinarium)、台湾革蜱(Dermacentor taiwanensis)、中华硬蜱(I.sinensis)的形态学鉴定与COI基因DNA条形码鉴定结果不一致;系统发育树显示,同一物种的不同个体均形成高支持率的单系,种间分支很明显。结论 COI基因DNA条形码测定是一种快速准确的蜱类鉴定新兴技术,但现阶段,COI基因DNA条形码技术尚不能完全脱离传统的形态学鉴定而独立进行,两者应有机结合。     

塔里木盆地蜱类生态位的研究

目的掌握塔里木盆地蜱类生态位宽度和生态位重叠,从蜱类生态学角度探讨该地区蜱类在蜱媒自然疫源性疾病上的作用。方法在该地区蜱类群落聚类分类基础上,采用harmon—Wiener的生态位宽度指数公式和Pianka（1973）的生态位重叠公式,计算各蜱类的生态位宽度和生态位重叠指数。结果亚洲璃眼蜱指名亚种和亚东璃眼蜱的生态位宽度最大,分别为0．5257和0．468,其次为图兰扇头蜱和银钝革蜱（0．379和0．299）,血红扇头蜱最小（0）;图兰扇头蜱、银钝革蜱和血红扇头蜱三者相互之间的生态位重叠值最高均在0．9以上,2种璃眼蜱间的重叠值次之,为0．3479。亚洲璃眼蜱指名亚种与银钝革蜱、亚东璃眼蜱与图兰扇头蜱之间生态位重叠值分别为0．2387和0．1617。亚东璃眼蜱与血红扇头蜱和银钝革蜱,以及亚洲璃眼蜱指名亚种和2种扇头蜱之间的生态位重叠值都在0．1以下。结论亚洲璃眼蜱指名亚种和亚东璃眼蜱在塔里木盆地蜱类群落中占有十分重要的地位,并存在栖息地分布上的分离。     

The fauna of Ixodes ticks in the Saratov Region under the present conditions

A total of 10566 specimens of 10 species of Ixodes ticks, such as Dermacentor marginats, D. reticulatus, D. niveus, Rhipicephalus rossicus, Ixodes ricinus, I. persulcatus, I. crenulatus, Haemaphysalis punctata, Hyalomma scupense, and H. marginatum, were collected and identified in the Saratov Region in 2002-2006. Dermacentor marginats and D. reticulatus were found to be the most dominant species. Rhipicephalus rossicus, Ixodes ricinus, and Hyalomma scupense were also constantly detected in the region. I. persulcatus considered earlier untypical of the Saratov Region was detected. The paper presents data on the confined geographical and environmental features of individual species of Ixodes ticks in the Saratov Region.     

Survey of tick species parasiting domestic ruminants in Ghaemshahr county,Mazandaran province,Iran

ObjectiveTo determine the tick species parasitizing domestic ruminants in Ghaemshahr county in Mazandaran, a Caspian province in the north of Iran.MethodsAbout 361 sheep, 54 goats and 10 cattle of 18 herds in several villages in Ghaemshahr were inspected for tick infestation. Separated ticks were preserved in 70% alcohol and identified.ResultsAbout 323 ticks (207 female, 116 male) were collected, the occurrence of ticks on sheep, goats and cattle were 28.3%, 22.2% and 20.0% respectively. The mean number of ticks on each animal was low (3-5 ticks per animal). Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus bursa, Ixodes ricinus, Boophilus annulatus, Haemaphysalis punctata and Haemaphysalis numidiana were the tick species we found. Rhipicephalus sanguineus were the most abundant species in the study area. The largest number of ticks were generally present from April to July, mostly in animal ears and tails. Ixodes, Boophilus and Haemaphysalis occurred in mountainous areas of Ghaemshahr, whereas Rhipicephalus were present in both mountains and plains of the study area.ConclusionsThe result of this study is a survey of tick species from domestic animals in Iran and implication of possible prevention measures for diseases transmitted by ticks.     

Detection of Rickettsia africae in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus ticks from the Republic of Botswana, South Africa

A total of 53 engorged adult ticks belonging to the species Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus (N = 9), Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (N = 27), Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (N = 9), Amblyomma hebraeum (N = 5), and Hyalomma marginatum turanicum (N = 3), were removed from oryx in Botswana (South Africa). They were tested for the presence of spotted fever group (SFG) Rickettsia and Anaplasma phagocytophilum using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Seventy-seven percent of R. decoloratus as well as twenty percent of A. hebraeum were positive for ompA, gltA and 16S rRNA SFG Rickettsia PCR assays. All nucleotide sequences were homologous to Rickettsia africae, the agent of African tick-bite fever (ATBF). None of the tested ticks was positive for 16S rRNA A. phagocytophilum PCR assays. These results suggest for the first time that R. decoloratus ticks may be reservoirs of R. africae, and support the ATBF risk in this area.     

新疆叶尔羌河流域蜱螨区系调查报告

１９９７年秋和１９９８年春季调查叶尔羌河流域啮齿动物及其体外寄生物的同时,获得 类８属１３种,其中图兰扇蜱（Ｒｈｉｐｉｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓ ｔｕｒａｎｉｃｕｓ）为优势种：获革螨１０属１７种,其中兵广厉螨（Ｃｏｓｍｏｌａｅｌａｐｓ ｍｉｌｅｓ）和Ｑｕ Ｊｉｎｇ赫刺螨（Ｈｉｒｓｔｉｏｎｙｓｓｕｓ ｓｕｎｓｉ）为新疆南部的新记录。在莎车卡群乡获得了仓鼠异扇蜱（Ａｎｏｍａｌｏｈｉｍａｌａｙａ ｃｒｉｃｅｔｕｌ     

Ectoparasites and gastrointestinal parasites of nomadic cattle infiltrating into Kainji Lake National Park Nigeria

The examination of 317 nomadic cattle infiltrating into the Kainji Lake National Park revealed seven tick species, Ambylomma variegatum, Boophilus decolaratus, B. annulatus, Hylomma aegyptium, Rhipicephalus appendiculata?, R. everti, R. simus senegalensis, one mite Demodex bovis and a lice species Damalina bovis. These ectoparasites have the ability of attaching to wild animals of the park in particular the two host and three host tick species Hylomma sp., Rhipicephalus spp. and Ambylomma sp. The endoparasites include nine nematodes species, five trematodes and eimeria sp. The occurrence of these endoparasites is an indication of the risk of cross-infection because similar helminth fauna have been reported in wild animals of the park. It is concluded that the need to prevent entry of cattle into the park should be encouraged because of the pasture contamination and potential risk of cross parasitic infection between the domestic cattle and wild animals of the park.     

Ticks (Ixodida: Ixodidae) parasitising humans in Uruguay

During routine collections between November 1999 and November 2002, three species of tick (Amblyomma tigrinum, Amblyomma triste and Rhipicephalus sanguineus) were found on humans in southern Uruguay. The finding of R. sanguineus and A. triste on humans is of particular concern because these tick species may be involved in the transmission of the pathogens causing human rickettsioses, a type of disease already known to occur in Uruguay.     

Ticks infesting wild and domestic animals and humans of Sri Lanka with new host records

An island-wide collection of tick species infesting humans, domesticated and wild animals and questing ticks in domestic and peridomestic environments was carried out during 2009–2011. A total of 30,461 ticks were collected from 30 different hosts and free living stages from the ground. The collection consisted of 22 tick species from 30 different hosts recording 12 tick species from humans, 19 from domesticated animals and 21 from wild animals, with a total of 97 new host records. The most common tick species on humans were Dermacentor auratus and Amblyomma testudinairum, while Haemaphysalis intermedia, Rhipicephalus microplus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus were common in domesticated and wild animals sharing 20 host species. Among the questing ticks, immature D. auratus was the most abundant. Humans and domesticated animals were mostly infested by the nymphal stages while adult ticks were found on wild animals. High number of new host records could be due to domestic animals picking tick species from wildlife and vise versa at the human/animal interface. Habitat destruction due to forest fragmentation has lead to wild animals roaming in urban and semi-urban neighbourhoods increasing the interactions of wild animals with domesticated animals. Wild animals play a significant role as a reservoir of many tick borne infections which can easily be spread to domesticated animals and then to humans via tick infestations. Data in this paper are useful for those interested in tick infesting wild and domestic animals and humans in describing the zoonotic potential of tick borne infections.     

Molecular differentiation of metastriate tick immatures

Hard ticks, family Ixodidae, are divided into two groups, the Metastriata and the Prostriata, based on morphological differences. In the United States, there are four medically important genera of the Ixodidae: Ixodes, Amblyomma, Dermacentor, and Rhipicephalus. Ixodes is the only genus in and representative of the Prostriata, whereas the latter three genera are members of the Metastriata. All developmental stages of the Prostriata can be easily differentiated from the Metastriata using morphology. Similarly, the three Metastriate genera are highly identifiable as adults, yet as immatures, the discriminating characteristics can be difficult to use for differentiation, especially if the specimens are damaged or engorged with blood. All three Metastriate genera represent medically important vectors, thus accurate differentiation is necessary. To this end, we have developed a multiplexed-PCR diagnostic assay that, when combined with RFLP analysis will differentiate between the Metastriate genera--Amblyomma, Dermacentor, Rhipicephalus, and Haemaphysalis based on the length of the PCR amplicon and subsequent restriction digestion profile. The intended use for this diagnostic is to verify morphological identifications, especially of immatures, as well as to identify samples destroyed for molecular analysis, which will lead to more accurate field data as well as implication of vectors in disease transmission.