肝门部胆管癌诊治进展

肝门部胆管癌是指原发于胆囊管开口与左、右二级肝管起始部之间的胆管癌。1965年Klatskin首先详细描述了本病的临床病理学特征,因此亦称Klatskin瘤。大多数病例肝门胆管癌早期临床表现隐匿,肿瘤多呈浸润性、跳跃性生长,常会累及神经束膜、侵犯血管及肝脏组织、发生淋巴结转移,预后不甚理想。影像学检查是肝门部胆管癌诊断的重要手段,但是在近几年来该领域未见有突破性进展。根治性切除仍然是肝门部胆管癌唯一可能获得治愈希望的方法,但在外科治疗方面还存在很多问题和争议。     

肝门部胆管癌诊治进展

肝门部胆管癌是指肝总管、左右肝管及其汇合部发生的恶性肿瘤,也称为近端胆管癌或高位胆管癌。1957年Altemeier首先报道,但直到1965年由Klatskin报道13例肝门部胆管癌患者诊治资料后才广泛引起重视[1]。由于该肿瘤的特殊部位、局部浸润性生长为主的特性和手术技术的复杂性等,不仅引起许多外科医师的兴趣,也是对外科技术发展的挑战。2005年12月我们以“肝门部胆管癌”为检索词,文献篇名含有该检索词的中文文献,《万方数据库》查得242篇、《中国期刊全文数据库》查得376篇;在Pub Med上检索近10年英文文献,分别以hilar cholangiocarcinoma、K…     

43例肝门部胆管癌的诊治

作者对４３例肝门部胆管癌进行了回顾性分析，由于本病早期无特异症状，延迟诊断率达６４．２％。诊断除根据临床及实验室检查外，Ｂ超属选首选，此外ＣＴ、ＰＴＣ、ＥＲＣＰ、彩色多普勒、选择性肝动脉造影以及术中胆道镜检查活检，均有助于明确诊断和拟定治疗方案。治疗应力争手术切除，减黄手术对缓解病情有积极意义。     

肝门部胆管癌诊治的研究

目的 探讨提高肝门部胆管癌诊疗的方法。方法 术前对20例患者行血清CA19-9、CA242、CEA测定，手术方式分别为根治性切除和各种非根治性手术，并对89%(51/57)患者进行随访。结果 CA19-9对肝门部胆管癌术前诊断的敏感性特异性分别为78%和90%，47%(27/57)的患者获得根治性切除，其１年生存率为96%,3年生存率为32%。结论 血清CA19-9值检测有助于术前诊断和疗效的判断，根治性切除是提高疗效的最佳方法。     

老年肝门胆管癌21例诊治分析

1992年7月～1998年9月我院共收治老年肝门胆管癌21例,现分析如下. 临床资料 一、一般资料 本组男11例,女10例,年龄62～83岁.按Bismuth分型法,Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲa型2例,Ⅲb型5例,Ⅳ型5例,无法分型5例.     

肝门胆管癌的进展

肝门胆管癌又称近端胆管癌或高位胆管癌,系指胆总管起始部以上的肝外胆管癌。临床上称肝门胆管癌为Klatskin癌。 Klatskin癌的分型根据Bismuth和Corlette分类法将Klatskin癌分为4型。Ⅰ型:肿瘤位于肝总管分叉处,左、右肝管之间尚相通;Ⅱ型:肿瘤占据左右肝管汇合部,二者之间不通;Ⅲ型:癌肿向上侵犯一侧肝管,累及右肝管为Ⅲ_a型,累及左肝管为Ⅲ_b型;两侧肝管均受累者为Ⅳ型,即Ⅲ_(a+b)。     

肝门部胆管癌的诊治进展

肝门部胆管癌占肝外胆管癌的60%～70%,发病较隐匿,因其特殊的解剖部位及早期侵犯周围血管、神经、淋巴组织、邻近肝组织的特性,出现明显黄疸症状且临床确诊时,病变多发展为中晚期。手术切除是其根治的主要方法,但该肿瘤的特性决定了其手术难度大、根治切除率低、手术并发症和死亡率高且临床预后差。近年来,随着人们对本病更深的     

肝门部胆管癌诊断进展

作者通过复习相关文献，综述性介绍肝门部胆管癌诊断进展动态。肝门部胆管癌首先症状为上腹不适、隐疼、腹胀、乏力、明显消瘦及进行性黄疸等。目前的实验室检查对胆管癌早期诊断帮助不大。影像学检查如B超，CT和MRI是无损的诊断方法。可帮助明确病变的部位、大小、浸润范围及有无淋巴结和远处转移。如果有肝内胆管扩张或梗阻性黄疸，B超，CT及ERCP是诊断肝门部胆管癌的首选方法，必要时选用PTC或ERCP对进一步检查则更有价值。目前所有的肿瘤标记物的敏感性和特异性均不高。但肿瘤标记物的研究对肝门部胆管癌的早期诊断带来希望。     

肝门胆管癌外科治疗进展

肝门胆管癌目前最有效的治疗手段仍是手术切除肿瘤。随着现代影像技术的发展,使得对肝门胆管癌与周围结构的关系进一步明确,手术方式的扩大化已显示出较良好的生存结果,尤其是对肝门周围的解剖特点和肿瘤的生物学特性的深入认识,使得这种疾病的治疗和预后发生了一定的改变,能否行根治性切除决定了患者的长期生存率。     

肝门部胆管癌外科治疗进展

肝门部胆管癌是一种较少见的恶性肿瘤，目前手术是最佳的治疗方法。因其特殊的解剖位置，肝门部胆管癌手术难度大，远期疗效差。近年来随着影像技术及外科手术的进展，对肝门部胆管癌的治疗效果有明显改善。然而，如何在术前及术中评估肝门部胆管癌的可切除性和合理选择手术方式仍然是外科医生所面临的难题。为此，本文作一综述。     

Resectable Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma: Surgical Treatment and Long-Term Outcome

Unresected hilar cholangiocarcinoma has a dismal prognosis, but advances in staging and surgical techniques have given well-selected patients a chance of long-term survival if curative resection is possible. This review summarizes the state of the art in diagnosis, treatment, and outcome for patients with biliary obstruction at the hilus of the liver.     

92例肝门部胆管癌的外科治疗分析

目的：探讨肝门部胆管癌的外科手术治疗方法及其疗效。方法：对舞钢市人民医院及郑州大学第一附属医院收治的92例肝门部胆管患者的病历资料及随访结果进行分析。92例患者中手术治疗79例,包括根治性性切除28例、姑息性切除18例、内引流或外引流术33例。另有7例行PTCD置管,6例放弃治疗。结果：手术病死率1.1%,根治性切除率35.4%,根治性切除的患者1、3和5年存活率分别为78.6%、50%和28.6%。姑息性切除的切除率22.8%,姑息性切除的患者1、3和5年存活率分别为55.6%、22.2%和11.1%。根治性切除和姑息性切除两组患者生存期差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。手术切除的生存率则明显高于各种引流术和介入手术,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：根治性手术目前仍是肝门部胆管癌的主要治疗方式,肝门部胆管癌的预后与组织学分化程度、手术治疗方式等多种因素相关。     

Outcome of Surgical Treatment of Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma

To evaluate surgical results and the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy in cases of hilar cholangiocarcinoma, we retrospectively analyzed 27 consecutive patients who underwent surgical resection (eight bile duct resections, 18 bile duct resections plus hepatectomy, one hepatopancreaticoduodenectomy). There was no operative mortality, and the morbidity was 37%. Curative resection (R0 resection) was achieved in 20 (74%) patients. Overall survival at 3 and 5 years was 44% and 27%, significantly higher than that of 47 patients who did not undergo resection (3.5% and 0% at 3 and 5 years, p < 0.0001). Survival of patients with positive margins (R1/2 resection) was poor; there were no 5-year survivors. However, survival was better than that of patients who did not undergo resection (median survival: 22 vs 9 months, p = 0.0007). Univariate analysis identified lymph node metastasis as a negative prognostic factor (p = 0.043). Median survival of patients who underwent adjuvant chemotherapy was significantly longer than that of patients who did not (42 vs. 22 months, p = 0.0428). Resection should be considered as the first option for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. There appears to be a survival advantage even in patients with cancer-positive margins. Adjuvant chemotherapy may increase long-term survival.     

肝门胆管癌切除的处理体会

目的：总结肝门胆管癌手术处理的临床经验与体会。方法：采用肝门上入路法切除Bismuth Ⅲ-Ⅳ型肝门胆管癌。结果：在23例肝门胆管癌中：属I型者1例，Ⅱ型6例，Ⅲ型11例，Ⅳ型5例。行根治性切除者18例（78．26％）。结论：肝门上入路是肝门被肿瘤禁锢时的唯一人肝路径，肝正中裂路径由于没有主要的胆管成功脉通过，出血少，暴露清楚。方叶切除可帮助完成肝门部胆管癌（距肿瘤边缘1．0cm)的切除。     

肝门部胆管癌诊治进展

肝门部胆管癌（hilar cholangiocarcinoma,HCCA）,解剖部位隐蔽,早期临床表现不典型,手术切除率低,预后较差。HCCA的诊断和治疗一直是肝胆外科医师公认的难题。近年来随着以肝胆外科为中心的多学科综合治疗日渐成为趋势,影像诊断技术及外科手术技术的不断进步,HCCA的诊断和治疗取得了一定进步。本文结合近年来相关文献报道就HCCA的诊治进展作如下综述。     

Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma: A Review and Commentary

Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is an uncommon cause of malignant biliary obstruction marked by local tumor spread for which surgery offers the only chance of cure. The diagnostic evaluation and surgical management of this disease continues to evolve. Although direct cholangiography and endoscopic biliary procedures have been used extensively to anatomically define the extent of tumor involvement, establish biliary decompression, and obtain histological confirmation of tumor, reliance on these invasive procedures is no longer necessary, and may be detrimental. Current noninvasive imaging technology permits accurate staging of the primary tumor and has improved patient selection for operative intervention without the need for invasive procedures. Overall survival has improved in accordance with an increasingly aggressive surgical approach. The propensity of this tumor for local invasion has led most experienced hepatobiliary centers to perform a partial hepatectomy in 50% to 100% of cases. Three-year survival rates of 35% to 50% can be achieved when negative histological margins are attained at the time of surgery. When resection is not feasible, either operative bilioenteric bypass or percutaneous transhepatic intubation can achieve significant palliation. There is no effective adjuvant therapy for this disease, and unless clear indications of unresectability exist, most patients should be considered for surgical exploration.     

Retroportal Hepaticojejunostomy for Extended Resection of Hilar Bile Ducts

High hepatic duct resection sometimes is unavoidable in achieving curative resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma, as tumor cells can extend further than expected along the bile ducts from the macroscopically evident cancer. In patients undergoing left hemihepatectomy with caudate lobectomy whose bile duct must be severed at the subsegmental bile duct levels, the orifices of the posterior bile ducts would lie behind the right portal vein. Conventional hepaticojejunostomy would be risky in such cases because an anastomosis performed in the usual manner would be subjected to strain. Instead, between 2002 and 2004, three patients underwent retroportal hepaticojejunostomy using a jejunal limb mobilized and positioned behind the hepatoduodenal ligament. Primary tumors were classified as type IV in the Bismuth–Corlette classification. Tension-free hepaticojejunal anastomosis was performed successfully in all three patients; insufficiency of the hepaticojejunostomy did not develop. Neither early nor late complications directly related to this method occurred. Retroportal hepaticojejunostomy, thus, permits more peripheral resection of the hepatic duct while providing a sufficient operative field for safe, tension-free anastomosis. This technique is very useful for patients undergoing left hemihepatectomy requiring high hilar resection of the bile duct.     

腹腔镜辅助下肝门部胆管癌根治术38例

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助下肝门部胆管癌根治切除术的可行性。方法五孔法。切除胆囊、肝左内叶下段的肝组织,中上段胆管,切断距肿瘤1 cm处的肝侧胆管。清除肝固有动脉、门静脉周围的纤维脂肪组织及淋巴结。左、右肝管盆式成形,左上腹辅助4～5 cm小切口腹腔外胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合。结果 38例肝门部胆管癌根治术均在腹腔镜下完成。5例肠间吻合于镜下使用吻合器完成;33例先扩大左上腹小切口于腹外吻合后还纳回腹,重新气腹完成胆肠吻合。手术时间210～348 min,（267±47）min;术中出血10～210 ml,（82.6±63.5）ml。术后出现胆漏3例,未特殊处理,3～5 d后停止;应激性溃疡1例,抑酸药物治疗后3 d治愈;术后出血1例,在腹腔镜下手术止血。术后住院10～15 d,平均12 d。17例术后1周CEA均恢复正常,2.7～3.5μg/L,（2.73±0.49）μg/L;38例CA199术后均下降,但未恢复正常,40～90 U/ml,（69.4±20.1）U/ml。术后35例（92.1%）随访6～30个月,（12.5±5.8）月,1例术后12个月因转移癌死亡,1例术后15个月因突发心肌梗塞死亡,其余33例随访期间未见明确转移病灶。结论腹腔镜辅助下肝门部胆管癌根治切除术是可行的,在达到根治切除目的前提下,减轻手术创伤,利于术后康复,术者应同时具有开腹和腹腔镜手术的经验和技巧。     

Improved Survival Following Right Trisectionectomy with Caudate Lobectomy without Operative Mortality: Surgical Treatment for Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma

Background  We conducted this study to assess the safety of performing right trisectionectomy with caudate lobectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma by analyzing postoperative mortality and morbidity, and to evaluate the effect of such procedure on pathological curability and long-term overall survival. Methods  A retrospective clinicopathological analysis was performed for 16 hilar cholangiocarcinoma patients who underwent right trisectionectomy with caudate lobectomy from June 1999 to April 2003. The median follow-up period was 36.9 months. The preoperative Bismuth–Corlette type was type II in four patients, type III_A in 10 patients, and type IV in two patients. Results  The median liver volume after hepatic resection was 21.9% of the total liver volume. Postoperative complications including one chronic liver failure developed in 12 patients, but no in-hospital deaths occurred. A postoperative pathological examination showed a cancer free margin in all of the proximal resection sites, although three cases had carcinoma in situ (CIS) lesions in the distal margin that were confirmed during surgery. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 94.1%, 64.2%, and 64.2%, respectively. Conclusion  We obtained excellent survival rates without any in-hospital deaths following right trisectionectomy with caudate lobectomy. This procedure may be an effective surgical procedure that can be executed to achieve low mortality rate and high pathological curability for hilar cholangiocarcinomas, except for Bismuth type III_B.     

胆管黏液腺癌的诊断与治疗

目的分析胆管黏液腺癌的诊断与治疗。方法回顾分析郑州大学人民医院2015年5月至2017年7月收治的6例胆管黏液腺癌病人的临床病理资料,总结其临床病理学特征、诊断及治疗方式,结合国内外文献分析阐述。结果本组6例病人,男性2例,女性4例,年龄38~67岁,平均52.3岁。主要症状为腹痛、发热、黄疸。CT及MRI均提示肝内外胆管不同程度扩张,磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)显示肿瘤在高信号的胆汁衬托下呈结节状、乳头状、斑片状等相对低信号表现。6例病人均行手术治疗,术后顺利出院。随访时间1~27个月,中位随访时间18个月,均存活。结论胆管黏液腺癌术前诊断较为困难,MRCP具有明显的优势,根治性手术切除是最有效的治疗手段。