一个陕西汉族Van der Woude综合征家系IRF6基因的突变筛查

目的对一个陕西省汉族Van der Woude综合征(VWS)家系进行IRF6基因的突变筛查.方法在IRF6(interferon regulatory factor 6)基因内设计引物,经分段PCR(聚合酶链反应)包括剪切位点的9个外显子后DNA测序进行突变筛查,运用PIX-Protein Identification软件对检测结果进行蛋白二级结构分析.结果在所有患者IRF6基因的第2密码子发现与表型一致的GCC>GTC (r.268c→t NM 214278)的突变,该突变引起IRF6蛋白二级预测结构的改变.结论该家系Van der Woude综合征由IRF6基因突变引起,IRF6基因与唇腭、牙齿发育密切相关.     

福建范德伍兹综合征1例家系IRF6基因突变的检测

目的检测福建省一范德伍兹综合征(VWS)家系IRF6基因的突变。方法在IRF6(interferonregulatoryfactor6)基因内设计引物,经分段聚合酶链反应(PCR)和DNA测序进行突变检测,运用PIX-ProteinIdentification软件对检测结果进行蛋白二级结构分析。结果在所有患者IRF6基因的第379密码子发现TGG>TGA(r.1400g→a)的碱基变化,该突变引入终止码,引起IRF6蛋白转录提前终止。结论范德伍兹综合征由IRF6基因突变引起,IRF6基因与唇腭、牙齿发育密切相关。     

一例Van der Woude 综合征家系IRF6基因突变的检测

目的 :对一例河北峪金矿VanderWoude综合征 (VWS)家系进行IRF6基因突变的检测。方法 :在IRF6(interferonregulatoryfactor 6)基因内设计引物 ,经分段聚合酶链反应 (PCR)和DNA测序进行突变检测 ,运用PIX ProteinIdentification软件对检测结果进行蛋白质二级结构分析。结果 :在所有患者IRF6基因的第 40 0密码子发现与表型一致的CGG >TGG (r .14 61c→t)的突变 ,该突变引起IRF6蛋白质二级预测结构的改变。结论 :VanderWoude综合征由IRF6基因突变引起 ,IRF6基因与唇腭、牙齿发育密切相关。     

一个腘翼综合征(PPS)家系IRF6基因的突变检测

目的：对一个Guo翼综合征(popliteal pterygium syndrome，PPS)家系进行IRF6基因的突变检测。方法：在IRF6(interferon regulatory factor6)基因内设计引物扩增编码区及其邻近剪接内含子序列，经分段PCR(聚合酶链反应)和DNA测序进行突变检测。结果：在IRF6基因没有发现与表型一致的突变。结论：该PPS综合征可能由非编码区的IRF6基因突变引起或可能存在异质性。     

一个范德伍德综合征家系的IRF6基因突变检测

目的:对收集的1个湖北Van der Woude综合征(VWS)家系进行临床和遗传特点分析,并进行IRF6基因的突变检测。方法:通过先证者及现场家系调查、临床检查和系谱分析收集VWS家系。在IRF6基因的外显子-内含子接头及9个外显子编码区分别设计引物,经聚合酶链式反应扩增并纯化后直接测序。结果:收集的VWS家系符合常染色体显性遗传特征,家系受累患者共3名(1名男性和2名女性),患者表现为典型的下唇瘘管或凹陷,且合并有唇腭裂和先天缺牙。患者表型在同一家系内有明显差异,且呈逐代加重趋势。在所有患者IRF6基因第412位密码子发现与表型一致的CGA>TGA(c.1234C>T)改变,经查证为一个已知的无义突变。结论:该VWS家系疾病表现度极不一致,是由IRF6基因的1个已知无义突变导致,IRF6是参与颌面部发育的重要基因。     

口腔组织病理学

骨保护素基因修饰的pSecTag2／B载体的构建；替尼泊苷诱导Tca8113细胞凋亡及细胞周期阻滞的实验观察；骨髓基质干细胞与不同支架材料复合异位成骨能力的实验研究；1个河南vanDerWoude综合征家系IRF6基因的突变检测；苦参碱对KB细胞及其多药耐药细胞KBv200的凋亡诱导作用。     

PITX2突变导致非综合征型先天缺牙的遗传研究

目的:研究1例非综合征型先天缺牙(non-syndromic tooth agenesis, NSTA)患者家系的遗传学病因。方法:采集先证者及家庭成员的外周血,利用全外显子组测序技术和生物信息学工具进行变异检测及分析。锁定先证者候选基因后,通过Sanger测序技术验证变异位点。运用Protean、I-TASSER软件分别分析突变蛋白的二级结构和三维(3D)模型,并与野生型进行比较分析。结果:先证者及母亲均携带同一PITX2新发杂合移码突变(c.176delT,p.I59fsX149)。该突变改变同源结构域和OAR结构域,影响DNA结合活性及对下游基因的激活诱导能力。二级结构预测显示突变蛋白α螺旋数量减少,3D模型空间构象变化显著。结论:PITX2移码突变(c.176delT)可能是先证者患有NSTA的病因之一。本研究扩展了PITX2基因突变谱,为进一步探讨PITX2与NSTA之间的相关性提供临床与遗传学证据。     

中国西部人群IRF6基因V274I位点SNP与非综合征型唇腭裂相关性的研究

目的:探讨干扰素调节因子6(IRF6)基因V274I位点单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与非综合征型唇腭裂的相关性.方法:收集非综合征型唇腭裂患儿332例,患者父亲243例,患者母亲289例,核心家庭224个,对照组正常新生儿174例.采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法检测IRF6基因V274I多态位点基因型,进行病例对照和传递不平衡(TDT)研究.结果:在中国西部人群中,与正常对照组比较,单纯唇裂和唇腭裂组V274I位点SNP的GG基因型和G等位基因的频率存在显著性差异(P=0.000),而在单纯腭裂组比较没有显著性差异(P=0.699).运用传递不平衡研究发现IRF6基因V274I多态性突变的G等位基因在唇裂和唇腭裂患者中存在过传递(P=0.000).结论:在中国西部人群中IRF6基因V274I SNP位点G等位基因与非综合征型唇腭裂存在强的相关性,而与单纯腭裂没有相关性.     

中国人群非综合征性唇腭裂患者IRF6基因突变检测

目的 探讨干扰素调节因子6(interferon regulatory factor 6, IRF6) 在非综合征性唇腭裂(non-sydromic cleft lip and/or cleft palate,NSCL/P)患者中的突变情况。方法：收集119例NSCL/P患者及288名健康人对照样本的外周血血样并提取DNA。在IRF6基因的全部外显子分别设计引物,PCR扩增其序列,通过测序找出IRF6基因突变,并将这些突变在对照样本中进行验证。结果：共发现5种在正常人中没有的突变,其中4种是新发现的突变。结论：IRF6基因突变在中国人群中参与了非综合征唇腭裂疾病的发生。     

选择性先天缺牙家系的表型与基因型分析：附2例报告

目的: 探讨选择性先天缺牙患者的遗传学病因。方法: 对2例非综合征型先天缺牙患者进行临床检查、家系调查、影像学检查以及外周血采集,通过全外显子测序后与正常人类基因组比对,并进行Sanger测序验证,确定致病基因及突变位点后,进行蛋白结构预测和多物种保守性分析。结果: 2例选择性先天缺牙家系中家系1为散发型,家系2为家族型。全外显子测序结果显示,先证者1和先证者2分别存在LRP6无义突变（II:1, c.C1573T,p.R525X）以及移码突变（II-1, c.4611delT ,p.C1537fs）。蛋白结构分析表明,p.R525X使LRP6蛋白截短,为失功能突变。多物种保守性分析揭示位点在进化过程中高度保守,提示突变具备有害性。结论: 2例选择性先天缺牙家系可能由于LRP6突变导致,为遗传咨询和产前诊断提供了参考。     

Novel IRF6 mutations in Chinese patients with Van der Woude syndrome

Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) (OMIM 119300) is a dominantly inherited, developmental disorder that is characterized by pits and/or sinuses of the lower lip and a cleft lip and/or cleft palate. Mutations in the interferon regulatory factor 6 gene (IRF6) have been recently identified in patients with VWS, with more than 60 mutations reported. However, the VWS phenotype, IRF6 mutation genotypes, and their interrelationships in Chinese VWS patients have not been studied. Here, we report 11 Chinese families with variable clinical phenotypes of VWS and identified mutations in all patients. Of the 11 mutations, 8 appeared to be novel: CC5.6GT, T342A, 566delA, C748T, C756A, C989A, C1209G, and 1316delT. Seven mutations caused a change or loss of the IRF6 domain. The marked phenotypic variation may be caused by the action of certain modifier genes on IRF6 function.     

A novel missense mutation in Van der Woude syndrome: usefulness of fingernail DNA for genetic analysis

Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is an autosomal-dominant oral facial disorder. To find a gene mutation in a Japanese family using fingernail DNA samples, we performed this study. We hypothesized that a gene mutation in IRF6 might be involved in VWS, and that fingernail DNA samples may be valuable for detecting such mutations. Linkage and haplotype analyses of the family mapped the disease locus to the 1q32-q41 region. Mutation analysis with an improved extraction method for fingernail DNA detected a novel missense mutation (1046A>T, E349V) in exon 7 of IRF6 in all the affected members of the family. Since the E349V change may disturb the hydrophobic core and affect regulatory activity of IRF6, it is most likely that the mutation is causative for VWS in this family. Fingernail DNA is thus useful for linkage and mutation analyses, since the fingernail can be easily obtained non-invasively, sent through the mail, and stored for a long period. We emphasize here the usefulness of fingernail DNA for the genetic analysis of a disease.     

Two missense mutations in the IRF6 gene in two Japanese families with Van der Woude syndrome

Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is a common autosomal dominant disorder with cleft lip and/or palate and lower lip pits. Its prevalence is estimated to be 1/33,600 in the Finnish Population, and 1/47,813 in the Japanese. We performed mutation analysis of the IRF6 gene by direct sequencing in 2 unrelated Japanese families that consist of a total of 3 affected members with cleft lip and palate associated with lower lip pits. Consequently, we found novel base substitutions, 25C>T, in IRF6-exon 3 in a boy, his mother, and his phenotypically normal maternal grandmother in one of the families. A known mutation, 250C>T, was identified in exon 4 of a girl and her unaffected father in the other family. The same mutations were never observed among 190 healthy Japanese. The results indicate incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity in the families. Because 25C>T and 250C>T predict to lead to R9W and R84C substitutions, respectively, at the most conserved DNA binding domain of IRF6, and because arginine at positions 9 and 84 is highly conserved among IRFs, the 2 mutations may lead to abolish the DNA binding activity in the developing craniofacial region. To our knowledge, this is the first report of IRF6 mutations observed in Japanese VWS patients.     

Van der Woude综合征家系先天缺牙患者MSX1基因突变的检测

目的探讨MSX1基因与Van der Woude综合征(VWS)家系中缺牙的关系。方法从VWS家系9中伴发缺牙患者2人及家系正常成员2人、60个牙列完整的健康者共64人的静脉血中提取DNA,设计MSX1基因引物,采用PCR方法扩增MSX1基因外显子1、2的编码区,而后对外显子1、2的PCR纯化产物测序,进行序列比对分析。结果 VWS家系9两个缺牙患者MSX1基因中有ivs2+68 C>T多态;伴IRF6基因突变的VWS患者缺牙较多。结论 VWS家系9中先天缺牙患者的牙先天缺失与MSX1基因的ivs2+68 C>T多态可能相关。     

干扰素调节因子6基因致病的Van der Woude综合征的家系调查和遗传特点分析

目的 探讨中国人Van der Woude综合征（VWS）的临床表型及遗传学特点。方法 先证者法收集14个VWS家系并进行口腔专科检查、家系调查及基因突变分析,分析不同VWS家系个体或同一家系不同个体的临床表型,绘制家系图谱,明确遗传方式及致病基因,计算表型分布频率和表型基因频率。结果 VWS家系基本符合常染色体显性遗传特征,患者多数表现为典型的VWS,致病基因为干扰素调节因子6（IRF6）。VWS表型分布频率为：唇瘘91.9%,唇腭裂73.0%,牙畸形8.1%。不同家系个体和同一家系的不同个体临床表型存在明显差异。结论 收集的家系均为常染色体显性遗传,表现度变异大。中国人群VWS致病基因为IRF6,为Ⅰ型VWS。     

Familial non-syndromic cleft lip and palate--analysis of the IRF6 gene and clinical phenotypes

The aim of this study was to characterize Swedish families with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) for mutations or other sequence variants in the interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) gene, as well as to describe their cleft phenotypes and hypodontia. Seventeen Swedish families with at least two family members with NSCL/P were identified and clinically evaluated. Extracted DNA from blood samples was used for IRF6 mutation screening. Exonic fragments of the IRF6 gene were sequenced and chromatograms were inspected. Statistical analysis was undertaken with marker- and haplotype association tests. No disease-associated IRF6 mutation could be determined in the families analyzed. One new and seven known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected. The A allele of SNP rs861019 in exon 2 and the G allele of SNP rs7552506 in intron 3 showed association with cleft lip and palate (CLP; odds ratios of 3.1 and 5.45, respectively). Hypodontia was observed more commonly in individuals affected with CL/P as compared with family members without a cleft (P < 0.01). The hypodontia most often affected the cleft area, possibly representing a secondary effect. The distribution of cleft phenotypes in 15 of the 17 families with NSCL/P differed from the mixed cleft types seen in Van der Woude syndrome (VWS), in that CLP did not occur together with an isolated cleft palate within the same family. It was concluded that mutations of the IRF6 gene are not a common cause for cleft predisposition in Swedish NSCL/P families.     

Van der Woude syndrome: dentofacial features and implications for clinical practice

Background:  Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is the most common clefting syndrome in humans. It is characterized by the association of congenital lower lip fistulae with cleft lip and/or cleft palate. VWS individuals have a high prevalence of hypodontia. Although caused by a single gene mutation, VWS has variable phenotypic expression. This study aimed to describe the range of clinical presentations in 22 individuals with VWS to facilitate its diagnosis.
Methods:  A retrospective study of 22 patients with a diagnosis of VWS was undertaken at the Australian Craniofacial Unit (ACFU) in Adelaide. Three extended families with affected members were included in the study cohort.
Results:  The overall prevalence of lip pits in this study cohort was 86%. Cleft phenotypes included bilateral cleft lip and palate (32%); unilateral cleft lip and palate (32%); submucous cleft palate (23%); and isolated cleft hard and soft palate (9%). Missing permanent teeth were reported in 86% of affected individuals.
Conclusions:  Submucous cleft palate in VWS may go undiagnosed if the lower lip pits are not detected. Associated hypodontia and resultant malocclusions will also require management by a dental team.