131I治疗Graves病后暂发性甲低的临床分析

目的：探讨^131I治疗后暂发性甲低的临床特点和转归。方法：对32例^131I治疗后出现暂发性甲低的患者进行临床分析和随访。结果：暂发性甲低出现在^131I治疗后2～6个月，有甲低症状者19例(59．38％)。甲低缓解后甲状腺功能正常者20例(62．5％)，又甲亢者12例(37．5％)。甲低时，T3和T4明显降低，TSH变化不一。结论：暂发性甲低多发生在低剂量^131I治疗的患者，甲低缓解后部分患者可再次出现甲亢。     

甲亢131I治疗后早发甲低相关因素分析

目的：探讨甲状腺功能亢进症（简称甲亢）^131I治疗后早发甲状腺功能减退症（简称甲低）的相关因素。方法：240例甲亢患者行^131I治疗，观察各影响因素并记录完整，1年内随访，对可能与早发甲低有关的多个因素用向前逐步筛选变量法行Logistic回归判别分析，对各研究指标行单因素X^2检验。结果：①多因素分析结果示患者年龄、甲状腺质量、发病情况、吸碘率曲线形态、给予患者每克甲状腺组织的^131I剂等5个因素与早发甲低发生相关；单因素分析结果示甲状腺质量、最高吸碘率、甲亢患者所服^131I剂量等3个因素与早发甲低相关。②经检验，Logistic回归方程有统计学意义。③对研究对象行Logistic回归判别即回代检验，早发甲低发生与不发生的准确性分别为64.08％、78.83％，总准确性为72.50％。结论：分类估算和调整给药剂量是治愈甲亢、降低早发甲低发生率的关键；加强随访和必要时补充甲状腺激素是减少早发甲低发展成永久性甲低的重要措施。     

131I治疗甲亢后61例早发甲状腺功能减低分析

目的分析131I治疗甲亢后发生早发甲状腺功能减低(甲减)的转归及与转归有关的因素.方法 61例甲亢经131I治疗后的早发甲减患者,随访1年以上,根据随访结果分为暂时性甲减组(包括转为正常或甲亢者)和永久性甲减组,比较了两组间早发甲减的出现时间、性别、TGA和TMA、甲状腺重量、131I治疗剂量、甲状腺摄碘率峰值.结果 61例患者中有一半以上为暂时性甲减(3.3%转为甲亢,50.4%转为正常).根据甲减出现的时间不同分为≤3个月、4～6个月、>6个月,131I治疗6个月后出现的甲减均为永久性甲减.其他参数与早发甲减的转归无关.结论早发甲减绝大多数为暂时性甲减,甲减出现的时间可能与其转归有关.     

1003例Graves病131I治疗临床分析

目的探讨个体化131I剂量治疗Graves病的效果.方法根据经验结合国内外文献,给予Graves病患者个体化的每克甲状腺组织剂量,范围为1.48～4.07 MBq/g.对治疗后甲状腺毒症、甲状腺肿(简称甲肿)、Graves眼病、甲状腺功能亢进(简称甲亢)性心脏病(简称甲心病)和周期性麻痹的转归进行临床随访,成功随访1003例(76.9%).131I使用剂量平均(329.3±307.1,44.4～3700)MBq,随访(16.4±10.0,3.0～44.7)个月.结果1次131I治疗后甲状腺功能(简称甲功)恢复正常593例(59.1%),甲状腺功能减退(简称甲低)200例(19.9%),甲亢部分缓解190例(18.9%),治疗无效20例(2.0%).259例(25.8%)发生了早发甲低,其中88例为一过性甲低,Logistic逐步回归分析示甲肿质硬者易发生早发甲低,而甲肿体积较大者早发甲低易转归为甲功正常或甲亢.等级偏相关分析示甲肿较大、病程较长和使用过抗甲状腺药物者对131I治疗反应较差.131I治疗后Graves眼病痊愈195例(41.7%),好转155例(33.1%),无效105例(22.4%),加重13例(2.8%).131I治疗后甲心病痊愈56例(77.8%),好转10例(13.9%),无效6例(8.3%).131I治疗后周期性麻痹痊愈60例(85.7%),好转2例(2.9%),无效8例(11.4%).131I治疗后249例巨大甲肿(≥90g)患者中88.0%(219例)甲状腺基本恢复正常.结论个体化131I剂量治疗Graves病疗效良好.131I对Graves眼病、甲心病和巨大甲肿性Graves病的治疗有效、安全.     

应用人工神经网络计算131I治疗Graves病剂量

目的：提高^131I治疗剂量的合理性。方法：量化^131I治疗Graves病的多种相关因素，将206例确诊为Graves病的患者进行分组，其中109例行神经网络计算^131I剂量法进行治疗，另97例以传统的单位甲状质量吸收剂量法治疗，并进行比较。结果：神经网络计算^131I剂量法治疗组与单位甲状腺质量吸收剂量法治疗组的有效率分别为93．5％和90．7％，治愈率分别为90．8％和85．5％，复发率分别为3．6％和5．1％，早发性甲状腺功能减低（简称甲低）发生率分别为3．6％和5．1％。结论：应用人工神经网络计算^131I剂量治疗Graves病可行，可规范和指导^131I治疗Graves病，减少复发和早发性甲低。     

^131I治疗甲亢后甲减的综合预防和处理措施

^131I治疗甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)后甲状腺功能减退(甲减)是最重要的并发症，它制约着^131I治疗甲亢的广泛应用。在实际工作中，应根据情况分析每一个病例的差异，运用现有的手段进行综合处理，包括^131I治疗前的病例选择，敏感性估计，联合用药和治疗后的监测复查．早发甲减的及时处理。     

^131I治疗Craves病后早发甲低相关因素的综合分析

目的综合分析Graves病^131I治疗后发生早发甲状腺功能减退（简称甲低）的相关影响因素。方法收集310例Graves病行^131I治疗患者的一般资料、临床观察资料、实验室检查及甲状腺功能检查等资料，采用聚类分析、因子分析、判别分析、多元回归分析等多因素分析方法进行回顾性统计学分析。结果①聚类和因子分析显示，在病程、疗程、发病情况及病情4项临床观察指标中，前3项相关程度高；在促甲状腺激素受体抗体（TRAb）与刺激甲状腺免疫球蛋白（TSI）、甲状腺球蛋白抗体（TgAb）与甲状腺微粒体抗体（TMAb）4项实验室测定指标中，前2项间及后2项间相关程度高，影响作用相似。②Fisher判别分析显示，在甲状腺质量、有效半衰期、最高吸^131I率、患者服^131I剂量和每克甲状腺组织给予平均^131I剂量5项计量指标中，平均^131I剂量因素对早发甲低的发生具有判别能力。⑧Logistic回归分析显示，在各项^131I治疗Graves病后早发甲低的相关因素中，治疗前甲状腺质量、每克甲状腺组织给予^131I的平均剂量、甲状腺最高吸^131I率及TSI水平是治疗后出现早发甲低的影响因素。结论^131I治疗Graves病后早发甲低的发生可能受多种相关因素影响，在治疗前综合考虑各项影响因素，并对理论剂量适当调整，可在一定程度上减少早发甲低的发生率。     

Graves病药物治疗后TSH增高伴摄99Tcm增强患者131I治疗

目的：探讨甲状腺功能亢进症（甲亢）抗甲状腺药物（ATD）治疗后促甲状腺激素（TSH）增高伴摄99Tcm增强患者131I治疗的可能性和必要性。方法：27例经临床ATD治疗后TSH增高伴摄99Tcm增强患者分3组，治疗组15例，及时进行131I治疗；随访观察组12例，仅作随访观察，均随访年，结果：治疗组15例中9例血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3），游离甲状腺激素（FT4），TSH水平及甲状腺显像均恢复正常。有2例5－6个月复查甲亢复发，第2次治疗后恢复正常，1例为早发甲低，甲低发生率为6．7％，随访观察组12例在1－4个月内均复发为典型甲亢，复发率100％，结论：甲亢ATD治疗后TSH增高伴摄99Tcm增强患者宜及时进行131I治疗。     

131I与抗甲状腺药物治疗甲状腺功能亢进症的综合评价

目的对131I和抗甲状腺药物(ATD)治疗甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)进行综合评价,定量评价两种方法的优劣.方法甲亢治愈为0分,好转为1分,无效为2分;治疗后出现突眼或突眼加重、甲亢性心脏病(甲心病)、肝功能受损、血象降低者为2分;出现暂时性甲状腺功能减退症(甲低)者为1分,永久性甲低者为2分;甲亢治愈后复发者为2分;将各项得分和总分进行比较.结果 131I治疗组230例总得分319分,平均得分1.39,ATD治疗组250例总得分569分,平均得分2.20,两者差异有显著性(t=6.982,P<0.001);131I疗效优于ATD;发生突眼方面两者无差别,但ATD对突眼的改善优于131I;131I治疗后甲低的发生率高于ATD (χ2=55.65,P=0.001);甲亢治愈后复发明显低于ATD治疗,出现甲亢性心脏病、血象、肝功能受损等方面低于ATD (χ2=39.50,P<0.001).结论 131I治疗甲亢疗效优于ATD治疗,尽管有甲低、突眼等发生,但甲亢复发及出现其他系统损伤较ATD治疗少.     

^131I治疗甲亢后致甲减的研究变迁

回顾性分析半个多世纪以来已发表的^131I治疗甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)后甲状腺功能减退症(甲减)的随访资料，旨在探讨^131I治疗甲亢后甲减的发生率、影响甲减的相关因素及有待进一步研究的问题。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.