Insight into the capacity fading of layered lithium-rich oxides and its suppression via a film-forming electrolyte additive

The capacity fading of layered lithium-rich oxide (Li_1.2Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13O₂, LLO) cathodes greatly hinders their practical application in next generation lithium ion batteries. It has been demonstrated in this work that the slow capacity fading of a LLO/Li cell within 120 cycles is mainly caused by electrolyte oxidation and LLO phase transformation with Ni dissolution. After 120 cycles, the dissolution of Mn becomes worse than that of Ni, leading to structural destruction of the generated spinel phase structure of LLO and fast capacity fading. Tripropyl borate (TPB) is proposed as a film-forming electrolyte additive, which shows a great capability to enhance the cycling stability of LLO/Li, with a capacity retention improvement from 21% to 78% after 250 cycles at 0.5C. Electrochemical and physical characterization demonstrated that the TPB-derived SEI film shows great capability to suppress electrolyte oxidation and the structural destruction of the generated spinel phase of LLO.

The capacity fading of layered lithium-rich oxide (Li_1.2Mn_0.54Ni_0.13Co_0.13O₂, LLO) cathodes greatly hinders their practical application in next generation lithium ion batteries.     

Synthesis of core–shell Ce-modified mixed metal oxides derived from P123-templated layered double hydroxides

Layered double hydroxides are a promising platform material which can be combined with a variety of active species based on their characteristic features. Silicon@P123-templated Ce-doped layered double hydroxide (SiO₂@CeMgAl-LDH(P123)) composites were synthesized via a facile in situ co-precipitation method, and characterized by TEM, X-ray diffraction, FTIR, XPS, CO₂-, etc. in detail. Meanwhile, the calcined powder (SiO₂@CeMgAl-LDO(P123)) possessed an excellent core–shell structure and a high surface area inherited from the LDH structure, which led to an outstanding catalytic activity (99.7% conversion of propylene oxide, 92.4% selectivity of propylene glycol methyl ether) under mild reaction conditions (120 °C). Cerium oxide provides a large number of oxygen vacancies and significantly improves the medium basic strength of the material, which facilitates the selective ring-opening of PO. Furthermore, the introduction and removal of P123 make the cerium oxide uniformly dispersed on the LDH layers, providing more reaction sites for the reaction of methanol and propylene oxide. The core–shell structure prepared by the in situ co-precipitation method could solve the shortcomings of agglomeration of layered double hydroxides and prolong the catalytic life evidently.

A shell of P123-templated CeMgAl-LDO was distributed in transverse and longitudinal directions on spheres of SiO₂. The composites displayed high catalytic activity in the synthesis of propylene glycol methyl ether.     

The influence of different Si : C ratios on the electrochemical performance of silicon/carbon layered film anodes for lithium-ion batteries

With a high specific capacity (4200 mA h g⁻¹), silicon based materials have become the most promising anode materials in lithium-ions batteries. However, the large volume expansion makes the capacity reduce rapidly. In this work, a periodic silicon/carbon (Si/C) multilayer thin film was synthesized by magnetron sputtering method on copper foil. The titanium (Ti) film (about 20 nm) as the transition layer was deposited on the copper foil prior to the deposition of the multilayer film. Superior electrochemical lithium storage performance was obtained by the multilayer thin film. The initial discharge and charge specific capacity of the Si (15 nm)/C (5 nm) multilayer film anode are 2640 mA h g⁻¹ and 2560 mA h g⁻¹ with an initial coulombic efficiency of ∼97%. The retention specific capacity is about 2300 mA h g⁻¹ and there is ∼87% capacity retention after 200 cycles.

With a high specific capacity (4200 mA h g⁻¹), silicon based materials have become the most promising anode materials in lithium-ions batteries.     

ZnSe nanoparticles dispersed in reduced graphene oxides with enhanced electrochemical properties in lithium/sodium ion batteries

A ZnSe-reduced graphene oxide (ZnSe-rGO) nanocomposite with ZnSe dispersed in rGO is prepared via a one-step hydrothermal method and applied as the anode materials for both lithium and sodium ion batteries (LIBs/SIBs). The as-prepared composite exhibits greatly enhanced reversible capacity, excellent cycling stability and rate capability (530 mA h g⁻¹ after 100 cycles at 500 mA g⁻¹ in LIBs, 259.5 mA h g⁻¹ after 50 cycles at the current density of 100 mA g⁻¹ in SIBs) compared with bare ZnSe in both lithium and sodium storage. The rGO plays an influential role in enhancing the conductivity of the nanocomposites, buffering the volume change and preventing the aggregation of ZnSe particles during the cycling process, thus securing the high structure stability and reversibility of the electrode.

ZnSe-rGO nanocomposite with ZnSe dispersed in reduced graphene oxides is studied as an anode for lithium and sodium ion batteries (LIBs/SIBs).     

Formation mechanism of MnxCo3−xO4 yolk–shell structures

Formation of Mn_xCo_3−xO₄ yolk–shell microspheres via a solvothermal reaction of hydrated cobalt and manganese nitrates in ethanol is investigated. Spinel nanocrystals of cobalt oxide or cobalt-rich ternary oxide preferentially develop in the system, while manganese-rich hydroxide form Mn(OH)₂-type nanosheets. Instead of continuing to grow individually, the nanocrystallites and nanosheets aggregate into large microspheres due to their strong inter-particle interaction. When the proportion of Mn-rich nanosheets is high, therefore the overall density is low, dehydration of hydroxide nanosheets and a surface re-crystallisation lead to formation of a dense and rigid shell, which is separated from a solid or hollow core via a further Ostwald ripening process. The proposed formation mechanism of the yolk–shell structures based on electron microscopic studies would help us to develop yolk–shell structure based multifunctional materials.

A formation mechanism of yolk–shell microspheres of Mn-rich spinel Mn_xCo_3−xO₄ is proposed based on the analyses of microstructures and local compositions.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎患者不同临床转归影响因素分析

目的:回顾性分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)治愈患者和死亡患者的临床特征,分析差异,为临床诊疗提供参考。方法:选取2020年1月10日至2月15日华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院收治的113例COVID-19患者为研究对象,根据病情转归分为治愈组69例,死亡组44例。收集2组患者的临床特征、实验室检查、影像学结果等,分析组间差异以及与预后的关系。结果:113例COVID-19患者平均年龄为(58.6±15.9)岁,男性68人,女性45人。死亡组患者较治愈组患者年龄更大,男性比例更高,合并症比例更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。影像学方面,死亡组更多表现为双肺的弥漫病变(P<0.05)。在实验室检查中,死亡组患者较治愈组患者白细胞计数和中性粒细胞计数增加,淋巴细胞计数降低(P<0.05)。在炎症相关指标中,死亡组患者C-反应蛋白(CRP)、铁蛋白、D-D二聚体、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、白细胞介素2受体(interleukin 2 receptor,IL-2R)、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)明显高于治愈组患者(P<0.01)。对有差异的指标进行受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析,发现D-D二聚体的曲线下面积高于其他指标,灵敏度为90.3%,特异度为90.2%,是较好的预测指标。结论:高龄、男性、有合并症的COVID-19患者死亡风险更大;CRP、D-D二聚体、IL-2R等细胞因子水平的升高均提示预后不良;D-D二聚体对于患者预后有着较高的预测价值,综合考虑各项指标,更有助于判断患者转归,指导治疗。     

Formation of nickel–cobalt sulphide@graphene composites with enhanced electrochemical capacitive properties

Here, nickel–cobalt sulphide particles embedded in graphene layers (porous Ni–Co–S@G), were successfully prepared by one-step annealing of metallocene/metal–organic framework (MOF) hybrids involving simultaneous carbonization and sulfidation. Benefiting from the porous structure, highly conductive graphene layers and large loading of super-capacitive Ni–Co–S, the obtained Ni–Co–S@G composites exhibited excellent electrochemical performance with a specific capacitance of 1463 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 1 A g⁻¹. A flexible solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC), assembled with Ni–Co–S@G and active carbon, demonstrated a high energy density of 51.0 W h kg⁻¹ at a power density of 650.3 W kg⁻¹. It is noteworthy that the ASC offered robust flexibility and excellent performance that was maintained when the devices were bent at various angles. The results indicate that the as-prepared materials could potentially be applied in high-performance electrochemical capacitors.

Ni–Co–S@graphene composites, derived from a metallocene/MOF precursor, presents high energy density and excellent cycling stability.     

Comparison of porous carbons derived from sodium alginate and calcium alginate and their electrochemical properties

Here, sodium alginate and calcium alginate which have the same carbon-forming component (alginic acid) and different regulation component (sodium/calcium) were used to prepare porous carbons, and comparisons were made of the microstructures and electrochemical properties of the obtained charcoals. The morphology was characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the results show that porous carbons can inherit plane or concave structures from their corresponding carbonized samples. The Horvath–Kawazoe (HK) method was used to analyze micropore size distributions, and the results show that, under the same mass ratio of potassium hydroxide to carbonized sample (KOH/C), the positions of extreme points on the two curves are similar, but the extreme values are different, and new extreme points appear at larger pore sizes with increases in the KOH/C ratio. The results of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge and discharge (GCD) tests show that the capacitance of sodium alginate-derived porous carbon is greater than that of porous carbon derived from calcium alginate when the KOH/C ratios are 2 and 4, and the size relationship is reversed when the KOH/C ratio is 3. The results of cycling performance tests show that the cycle numbers corresponding to the three stages on the two curves are similar under the same KOH/C ratio, but the cycle numbers at the same stage are significantly different under different KOH/C ratios.

Comparisons of the microstructures and electrochemical properties of porous carbons derived from the carbon-forming component alginic acid under the action of Na/Ca.     

经会阴超声观察不同分娩方式对盆底结构的影响

目的经会阴超声观察不同分娩方式女性产后盆底结构,为研究盆底功能障碍性疾病提供影像学依据。方法初产妇69例,分为经阴道分娩组39例和剖宫产组30例,产后6~8周,经会阴超声分别在静息状态、瓦氏动作时测量盆膈裂孔面积、周长、前后径、左右径及膀胱颈移动度(BND)。结果经阴道分娩组静息状态下,盆膈裂孔面积、周长、前后径及左右径均大于剖宫产组(均P0.05);经阴道分娩组BND大于剖宫产组(P0.05);同组瓦氏动作时各参数大于静息状态(P0.01);两组瓦氏动作时各参数差异无统计学意义。结论经会阴超声观察产后盆底结构,为女性盆底功能障碍性疾病的早期防治提供辅助诊断依据。     

A series of new polyoxometalate-based metal–organic complexes with different rigid pyridyl-bis(triazole) ligands: assembly,structures and electrochemical properties

Five new polyoxometalate (POM)-based metal–organic complexes (MOCs) with different rigid pyridyl-bis(triazole) ligands, namely, H{Co₂(Hpyttz-I)₂(H₂O)₆[CrMo₆(OH)₆O₁₈]}·8H₂O (1), {Co₂(H₂pyttz-I)₂(H₂O)₄[TeMo₆O₂₄]}[Co(H₂O)₆]·3H₂O (2), {Co₃(Hpyttz-II)₂(H₂O)₆[γ-Mo₈O₂₆]}·10H₂O (3), {Ni₃(Hpyttz-II)₂(H₂O)₆[γ-Mo₈O₂₆]}·10H₂O (4), {Ni₃(Hpyttz-III)₂(H₂O)₈[γ-Mo₈O₂₆]}·10H₂O (5) (H₂pyttz-I = 3-(pyrid-2-yl)-5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-1,2,4-triazolyl, H₂pyttz-II = 3-(pyrid-3-yl)-5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-1,2,4-triazolyl, H₂pyttz -III = 3-(pyrid-4-yl)-5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-1,2,4-triazolyl), were successfully synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectra, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). Complex 1 is a two-dimensional (2D) supramolecular network based on the binuclear complex unit: [Co₂(Hpyttz-I)₂(H₂O)₆ [CrMo₆(OH)₆O₁₈]]. Complex 2 is a 1D supramolecular chain derived from the binuclear cobalt complex: {Co₂(H₂pyttz-I)₂(H₂O)₄[TeMo₆O₂₄]}²⁻, the discrete [Co(H₂O)₆]²⁺ units act as counter cations. Complexes 3 and 4 are isostructural with different center metals (M = Co or Ni), the adjacent γ-Mo₈O₂₆⁴⁻ anions are linked by the M^II ions to form a 1D M-γ-Mo₈O₂₆ inorganic chain. Then 1D M-γ-Mo₈O₂₆ inorganic chains are linked together by the 1D metal–organic M-(Hpyttz-II) chains to form a 3D framework. In complex 5, γ-Mo₈O₂₆⁴⁻ anions are bridged by the Ni^II ions to give a 1D Ni-γ-Mo₈O₂₆ inorganic chain, the adjacent 1D Ni-γ-Mo₈O₂₆ chains are connected through [Ni(Hpyttz-III)₂] units to form a 2D layer. The effect of POM type and coordination site of the ligands on the structures of the title complexes were discussed. The title complexes 1, 2 and 5 exhibit excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic activities toward the reduction of bromate/hydrogen peroxide and the oxidation of ascorbic acid. In addition, the redox potentials of complexes 1, 2 and 5 are highly sensitive to pH and may be used as a kind of potential pH sensor.

Two novel Anderson-type and three octamolybdate (γ-Mo₈O₂₆) polyoxometalate-based metal–organic complexes were synthesized and structurally characterized. The electrochemical and bifunctional electrocatalytic behaviors of the title compounds have been investigated in detail.     

不同时间与负荷训练对兔股骨压缩性能的影响

目的:通过对不同负荷下兔股骨的压缩性能的对比研究,验证在不同负荷下(电刺激与缺血),兔股骨相同部位表现出的抗载荷能力及对应力松弛反映的影响。方法:制作对照组,电刺激组和结扎缺血模型组的兔股骨标件,分别置于Instron材料力学试验机中进行压缩加载及压缩应力松弛实验。结果:压缩加载实验得出了分别经2周、4周和7周电刺激和缺血训练的兔股骨屈服及断裂的载荷和能量等力学性能指标:对照组模量2697MPa,4周电刺激组模量4051MPa,7周电刺激组模量2818MPa,4周缺血组模量1783MPa,7周缺血组模量1412MPa。压缩应力松弛实验示应力松弛曲线有下降趋势,依次为对照组<7周电刺激组<4周电刺激组<4周缺血组<7周缺血组。结论:短期缺血引起的骨有机质的缺失没有发生质的改变,长期缺血则会使骨质发生严重退变,导致骨脆性增加。适量的电刺激训练可以有效改善这种退变,过量的电刺激则会影响骨内部的基础环境。     

Magnetic–plasmonic Ni@Au core–shell nanoparticle arrays and their SERS properties

In this paper, large-area magnetic–plasmonic Ni@Au core–shell nanoparticle arrays (NPAs) with tunable compositions were successfully fabricated by a direct laser interference ablation (DLIA) incorporated with thermal dewetting method. The magnetic properties of the Ni@Au core–shell NPAs were analyzed and the saturation magnetization (M_s) of the Ni₈₀@Au₂₀ nanoparticles was found to be higher than that of nickel-only nanoparticles with the same diameter. Using Rhodamine 6G (R6G) as a Raman reporter molecule, the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) property of the Ni@Au core–shell NPAs with a grain size distribution of 48 ± 42 nm and a short-distance order of about 200 nm was examined. A SERS enhancement factor of 2.5 × 10⁶ was realized on the Ni₅₀@Au₅₀ NPA substrate, which was 9 times higher than that for Au nanoparticles with the same size distribution. This was due to the enhanced local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) between the ferromagnetic Ni cores and the surface polariton of the Au shells of each nanoparticle. The fabrication of the Ni@Au core–shell NPAs with different compositions offers a new avenue to tailor the optical and magnetic properties of the nanostructured films for chemical and diagnostic applications.

In this paper, large-area magnetic–plasmonic Ni@Au core–shell nanoparticle arrays (NPAs) with tunable compositions were successfully fabricated by a direct laser interference ablation (DLIA) incorporated with thermal dewetting method.     

不同口腔修复材料摩擦性能的比较及影响因素

目的:分析口腔修复材料的摩擦机制及其影响因素,评价不同口腔修复材料的摩擦性能.方法:以"口腔修复材料,陶瓷材料,摩擦性能,耐磨性,影响因素,摩擦机制"为中文检索词;以"dental materials,ceramics,friction performance,wear,factors,friction mechanism"为英文检索词,采用计算机检索Pubmed数据库(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed)及维普数据库(http://www.cqvip.com/)1993-01/2009-10有关口腔修复材料摩擦性能的文章;排除重复研究、普通综述或Meta分析类文章.以21篇文献为主重点探讨了口腔修复材料的摩擦机制及其影响因素.结果:理想的口腔修复材料应具备与天然牙近似但又略低于天然牙的摩擦学性能.由于咀嚼过程的复杂性及口腔修复材料的多样性,口腔修复材料的耐磨性受多种因素的影响,因此以口腔陶瓷材料、口腔金属材料、口腔树脂材料为例,了解天然牙与口腔陶瓷材料、口腔金属材料、口腔树脂材料的摩擦磨损特性,选择相匹配的口腔修复材料,能有效防止天然牙过度磨损.结论:了解口腔陶瓷材料、口腔金属材料、口腔树脂材料等不同口腔修复材料的摩擦磨损性能,既可以帮助医生按照患者的具体情况选择与之相匹配的修复材料,达到最佳修复效果,又有助于开发更合理、更耐磨的口腔修复材料.     

One-pot one-step synthesis of Au@SiO2 core–shell nanoparticles and their shell-thickness-dependent fluorescent properties

Herein, we report a one-pot one-step method for the preparation of Au@SiO₂ core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) via a facile heating treatment of an alcoholic-aqueous solution of chloroauric acid (HAuCl₄), 2-methylaminoethanol (2-MAE), cetyltrimethylammonimum bromide (CTAB), and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS). The size of the Au core and the thickness of the silica shell can be easily controlled by simply adjusting the volume of HAuCl₄ and TEOS, respectively, which can hardly be achieved by other approaches. The as-prepared Au@SiO₂ core–shell NPs exhibited shell-thickness-dependent fluorescent properties. The optimum fluorescence enhancement of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was found to occur at a silica shell thickness of 34 nm with an enhancement factor of 5.0. This work provides a new approach for the preparation of Au@SiO₂ core–shell NPs and promotes their potential applications in ultrasensitive analyte detection, theranostics, catalysts and thin-film solar cells.

Au@SiO₂ core–shell nanoparticles with tunable Au core size and silica shell thickness were prepared by a facile one-pot one-step method.     

Imidazoline binding sites and their ligands: an overview of the different chemical structures

Since Bousquet et al. discovered the imidazoline binding sites (IBS) two decades ago, when they realized that the antihypertensive drug clonidine interacts not only with the alpha2-adrenenoceptors (alpha2-AR) but also with a distinct imidazoline preferring binding site, these receptors have been paid a great deal of attention. At least two subtypes, I1 and I2, have been characterised based on their binding affinity for different radioligands, but their structures still remain unknown. The pharmacological profile of these IBSs has been the objective of several and very thorough reviews. However, a medicinal chemistry overview of the different IBS ligands prepared to date has never been attempted. In this study, we attempt to compile all the different chemical structures reported to date as IBS ligands and classify them in function of their chemical structure and binding affinity for the different IBS subtypes. Thus, we comment on the different endogenous IBS ligands known as well as the drugs described to interact with the I1-IBS which have found application as antihypertensive drugs. Then, we review those compounds described in the literature to interact with the I2-IBS, classifying them by their chemical families (imidazolines, guanidines, 2-aminoimidazolines, beta-carbolines). Finally, some conclusions are drawn.     

不同检测系统血肾素和醛固酮结果一致性及对临床诊断的影响分析

目的 分析不同检测系统血肾素及醛固酮浓度结果 一致性及对临床诊断的影响.方法 收集患者及健康成年人新鲜血浆标本,制备不同浓度肾素及醛固酮样品,经A、B、C或D检测系统检测,分析检测系统间结果 的一致性,部分结果 与液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)测定结果 再比较分析.健康成年人标本经A和D系统检测,验证其一致性...     

The effects of Fe-doping on MnO2: phase transitions,defect structures and its influence on electrical properties

The composition of Mn_1−xFe_xO₂ (x = 0–0.15) was synthesized by a hydrothermal method at 140 °C for 5 hours of reaction time. Investigations were carried out including XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, FESEM, and TEM for crystallographic phase analysis. Furthermore, XPS and XAS were used to analyze the oxidation states of Mn and dopant Fe in the octahedron sites. For electrical characterizations, an impedance analyzer was used to explore the conductivity and dielectric properties. It was discovered that the undoped MnO₂ possessed an α-MnO₂ structure performing (2 × 2) tunnel permitting K⁺ insertion and had a nanorod morphology. The Fe ion that was doped into MnO₂ caused a phase transformation from α-MnO₂ to Ramsdellite R-MnO₂ after x = 0.15 was reached and the tunnel dimension changed to (2 × 1). Furthermore, this caused increased micro-strain and oxygen vacancies. An oxidation state analysis of Mn and substituted Fe in the octahedron sites found mixed 3+ and 4+ states. Electrical characterization revealed that the conductivity of Fe-doped MnO₂ is potentially electron influenced by the oxidation state of the cations in the octahedron sites, the micro-strain, the dislocation density, and the movement of K⁺ ions in the tunnel.

Phase transformation from initially α-MnO₂ to R-MnO₂ due to Fe-doping cause modification of interatomic distances affects to the electrical properties.     

Lower-leg inertial properties in transtibial amputees and control subjects and their influence on the swing phase during gait

OBJECTIVES: To identify the factors that constitute optimal inertial properties for a lower-limb prosthesis. DESIGN: Experimental, controlled; simulation using a subject-specific double-pendulum model based on individual kinematic data and leg inertial properties. Simulation outcomes were compared with gait analysis data. SETTING: A gait laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Ten transtibial amputees and 10 matched healthy controls. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Inertial properties of the lower leg; kinematics and kinetics of the swing phase; and kinematics of double-pendulum model simulations. RESULTS: In all amputees, inertial properties were reduced. No between-group differences existed in kinematics; hip and knee joint torques and powers were reduced in the amputees. Deviations between the double-pendulum model and experimental data were larger in the amputees than in the control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Although current lightweight prostheses have less optimal pendular behavior, their light weight requires smaller joint torques to influence the pendular trajectory. Therefore, optimal inertial properties, in terms of swing phase kinematics and kinetics, will be a compromise between pendular properties and efficient control.     

Inheritance of spherical morphology and optimization of assembled structures during preparation of LiMnPO4 cathodes for high electrochemical properties

Microspherical structures of cathodes facilitate high tap densities and good cycling stabilities, but their inferior rate capabilities due to low surface permeability for the electrolyte, remains a hurdle. An effective strategy to address this issue would be the optimization of the assembled microspheres structure. In this work, LiMnPO₄ hollow microspheres assembled by radially aligned nanoprisms with fully exposed (010) facets are prepared by the solvothermal method using Li₃PO₄ as the self-sacrificed templates to improve the rate capability. By simply varying ammonium based salts during the solvothermal reaction, the nanoprisms-randomly assembled and the wedges-radially assembled microspheres are also fabricated. A plausible formation mechanism is carefully proposed. When the three kinds of microspheres are evaluated by charge/discharge measurements, their electrochemical properties are highly dependent on the variation of the assembled structures. In particular, microspheres with radially aligned nanoprisms exhibit high rate capabilities, delivering discharge capacities of 125 mA h g⁻¹ at 1C and 113 mA h g⁻¹ at 2C. These results originate from the unique structure of the microspheres, which not only ensures rapid electrolyte penetration to the interior of the shells due to the radial pore channels, but also guarantees fast Li⁺ insertion into the nanoprisms owing to their fully exposed (010) facets.

LiMnPO₄ hollow microspheres assembled by radially aligned nanoprisms with exposed (010) facets are prepared to improve the rate capability.