脾切除治疗脾动脉栓塞术后脾功能亢进复发17例分析

我科自1997年8月至2004年12月对19例脾动脉栓塞术后的患者实施脾切除术,其中17例为脾功能亢进复发。现报告如下。临床资料1.一般资料:本组19例,男13例,女6例,年龄31～63岁,平均54.3岁。脾动脉栓塞术前,19例全部诊断为肝     

腹腔镜脾切除治疗门脉高压脾功能亢进患者术后血栓相关并发症分析

目的探讨腹腔镜脾切除(LS)治疗门脉高压脾功能亢进患者术后血栓相关并发症发生情况。方法选取2015-02—2016-02间接受脾切除术的66例门脉高压脾功能亢进患者,依据手术方式不同分为2组,每组33例。A组行腹腔镜手术,B组行开腹手术。比较2组手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量、血小板计数(PLT)、PLT变化率及术后血栓相关并发症。结果 A组手术时间、术中出血量明显多于B组,手术切口长度明显短于B组(P0.05);2组术后PLT均较术前明显升高,但组间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);A组PLT变化率、门脉系统血栓总出现率明显高于B组(P0.05)。结论相对于开腹术,LS术后患者更易产生门脉系统血栓,LS术暂时无法完全替代开腹术治疗门脉高压性脾功能亢进。     

门脉高压症合并脾功能亢进施行脾切除术的临床疗效分析

目的：分析门脉高压症合并脾功能亢进（简称门脉高压性脾亢）患者行脾切除术的近远期疗效和切脾对机体的影响。方法收集2004年1月至2014年1月收治的351例门脉高压性脾亢患者,回顾性分析病例资料以及行脾切除术后近期疗效评价,并进行远期随访调查,重点了解术后感染、肝癌、肝功能、血细胞变化以及系统疾病的控制情况等。结果患者行脾切除术后,近期内受损的肝功能和血细胞得以恢复。近期内出现黄疸者42例,腹水31例,发热34例,上消化道再出血者13例,予以积极对症处理后均康复出院。远期随访87例发现,29例在切脾约2~33（中位11.4）个月后出现肝功能下降,血清白蛋白水平下降和转氨酶水平升高;原伴发的糖尿病、高血压病和消化系统疾病切脾后较切脾前病情容易控制;继发肝癌者6例,4例死亡,未见有脾切除后凶险性感染。结论门脉高压症合并脾功能亢进患者进行脾切除术对机体有利有弊,故对于此类脾大患者不能一律予以切除。     

腹腔镜脾切除与开腹脾切除治疗肝硬变门静脉高压致脾功能亢进疗效比较的系统评价

目的系统评价腹腔镜脾切除（LS）与开腹脾切除（OS）治疗肝硬变门静脉高压致脾功能亢进的疗效。方法计算机检索了Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials、Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews、Medline、Embase、CINAHL、CBM、CNKI、VIP和万方数据库中,所有关于LS术（LS组）与OS术（OS组）治疗肝硬变门静脉高压致脾功能亢进的随机对照试验和临床同期对照试验。根据纳入和排除标准筛选文献、提取资料和进行质量评价后,采用RevMan 5.1.0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入17篇临床同期对照试验和1篇随机对照试验。Meta分析结果显示：LS组患者的术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后并发症发生率及术后1 d的白细胞水平均低（短）于OS组（P〈0.05）;其手术时间、术后7 d的白细胞水平、术后血小板计数（1 d和7 d）、术后丙氨酸氨基转移酶水平（1 d和7 d）和术后总胆红素水平（1 d和7 d）与OS组比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 LS术有助于减少肝硬变门静脉高压致脾功能亢进患者的术中出血量,缩短术后住院时间,减少术后并发症的发生;但目前的证据尚不能证明LS术能改善此类患者的肝功能。     

Successful Treatment of Hypersplenism in Wilson's Disease by Partial Splenic Embolization

Aim: Hypersplenism can occur in patients with Wilson's disease (WD). Surgical splenectomy is a conventional treatment for this condition; however, emotional and neurological deterioration may follow splenectomy. In recent years, partial splenic embolization (PSE) has been increasingly performed as a nonsurgical alternative treatment for hypersplenism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of PSE compared with splenectomy in the treatment of hypersplenism in WD patients. Methods: Fifty WD patients with hypersplenism were randomly divided into two groups (group A and group B), each including 25 patients. Patients in groups A and B were treated with PSE and splenectomy, respectively. Data were collected on the clinical efficacy of each procedure, adverse reactions, hematologic and blood chemistry test results, and abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan findings (group A only). Results: Marked improvements in the platelet and leukocyte counts after PSE and splenectomy were observed in all patients. PSE was associated with improved liver function without severe complications, and no significant changes in emotional and neurological symptoms were observed. In contrast, seven WD patients suffered neurological deterioration after splenectomy. Conclusions: Hypersplenism in WD patients was successfully treated by PSE, which appears to be a safe and effective alternative treatment for WD-induced hypersplenism.     

Partial Splenic Embolization Versus Splenectomy for the Management of Hypersplenism in Cirrhotic Patients

Background  Hypersplenism occurs in patients with chronic liver disease, and splenectomy is the definitive treatment. However, the operation may be hazardous in patients with poor liver function. In recent years, partial splenic embolization (PSE) has been widely used in patients with hypersplenism and cirrhosis. This study was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of PSE compared to splenectomy in the management of hypersplenism in cirrhotic patients. Methods  This study comprised 40 patients with hypersplenism secondary to cirrhosis. They were divided into two groups, each including 20 patients. The first group of patients were treated by PSE using polyvinyl alcohol particles to achieve embolization of at least 50% of the distal branches of the splenic artery. Postembolization arteriography and computed tomography were performed to document the extent of devascularization. Patients in the second group were treated by splenectomy with or without devascularization and left gastric ligation according to the presence or absence of esophageal varices. Results  There was marked improvement in platelet and leukocytic counts in both groups, and the counts remained at appropriate levels during the follow-up period. All patients in the first group had problems related to postembolization syndrome that abated by the first week. One patient in the first group died from myocardial infarction. No deaths occurred in the second group. Asymptomatic portal vein thrombosis developed in one patient in the first group that was treated with anticoagulation, and another patient developed splenic abscess treated by splenectomy with a good outcome. In the second group, three patients developed portal vein thrombosis, one of them being readmitted 4 months postoperatively with mesenteric vascular occlusion; that patient underwent a resection anastomosis with good outcome. Conclusions  Partial splenic embolization is an effective therapeutic modality for the treatment of hypersplenism secondary to chronic liver disease. It is a simple, rapid procedure that is easily performed under local anesthesia; and it allows preservation of adequate splenic tissue to safeguard against overwhelming infection.     

Laparoscopy Splenectomy for Massive Splenomegaly

ABSTRACT

Objective: This study is aimed to evaluate the feasibility of laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) for massive splenomegaly in patients with hypersplenism secondary to portal hypertension and liver cirrhosis. Method: A retrospective study of adult patients was conducted for splenectomy occurring from January 2006 to December 2010. We have performed the surgical procedures of splenectomy in 80 patients who were suffering from splenomegaly or hypersplenism secondary to portal hypertension and liver cirrhosis, among whom 40 patients underwent LS and another 40 patients received open surgery (OS). Results: Among the patients who had undergone LS, 2 patients were converted to OS and the other 38 patients underwent complete LS. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and the length of stay in LS group and OS group were 100–200 min (mean: 150 ± 30 min) vs. 120–210 min (mean: 100 ± 30 min), 50–1,000 ml (mean: 150 ± 110 ml) vs. 60–900 ml (mean: 140 ± 50 ml) and 4–9 days (mean: 6.1 ± 2.2 days) vs. 8–14 days (mean: 11.3 ± 2.3 days), respectively. No deaths occurred in the two groups, and there are no significant differences between the two groups in terms of estimated blood loss, complications, length of stay, and operating time. Conclusion: LS for treatment of massive splenomegaly is a feasible, effective, and safe surgical technique. Hypersplenism secondary to portal hypertension and liver cirrhosis are not supposed to be considered absolute contraindications to LS.     

快速切脾法在门脉高压手术中的应用

目的探讨门脉高压手术中行快速切脾法的可行性。方法回顾性分析总结我院1998年1月~2013年12月间采用快速切脾法完成脾切除术的45例门脉高压手术患者的临床资料,其中病毒性肝硬化31例,酒精性肝硬化12例,原发性脾肿大1例,肝豆状核变性1例(7岁)。均在开腹后先结扎脾动脉,在备好血源的情况下左手捏住脾蒂,右手快速分离脾周韧带,随后托出脾脏而行快速切脾术。脾窝彻底止血后,再用带蒂大网膜填塞。结果本组完成脾切除时间10~15 min,平均(12.30±1.92)min,出血量300~800 ml,平均(460.00±109.40)ml,切除的脾重量约1.5~2.5 kg,平均(1.69±0.28)kg。术后有6例出现一过性肝昏迷,一般在2~3 d后神智逐渐恢复。术后急诊手术6例中死亡2例,余均治愈出院。40例随访5~12年,有6例反复出现腹水问题需住院或在门诊治疗而消退。3例排黑便,胃镜提示为胃溃疡出血。因粘连性肠梗阻行松解术1例。肝衰竭死亡2例,1例为术后一年,另一例为术后12年(肝豆状核变性者)死亡。结论门脉高压行断流术或分流术时,快速切脾法是可行的,其具有操作简单、安全快捷等优点。     

Accessory Splenectomy with Gastroesophageal Devascularization for Recurrent Hypersplenism and Refractory Bleeding Varices in a Patient with Liver Cirrhosis: Report of a Case

We report a case of recurrent thrombocytopenia associated with symptomatic enlargement of an accessory spleen, 2 years after splenectomy, in a 36-year-old man with posthepatitic liver cirrhosis. The patient suffered three episodes of variceal bleeding, but the esophageal varices were not eradicated by two sessions of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy and endoscopic band ligation. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography showed a giant accessory spleen (6 × 6 × 5cm), gallbladder stones, and complete postsplenectomy splenomesoportal thrombosis. Subsequent ^99mTc scintigraphy confirmed the presence of a functioning residual splenic nodule. Thus, we performed gastroesophageal devascularization (Hassab-Paquet procedure) with accessory splenectomy and cholecystectomy, after which the platelet count normalized and no further variceal bleeding occurred during 17 months of follow-up. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the English medical literature of accessory splenectomy for recurrent thrombocytopenia in a patient with liver cirrhosis.     

完全腹腔镜下巨脾切除联合断流术治疗门静脉高压症的体会

目的 探讨完全腹腔镜下巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗肝硬变门静脉高压症的手术技巧和临床应用价值.方法 对我科2009年3月至2010年8月期间,12例肝硬变门静脉高压症致食管下段胃底静脉曲张患者应用超声刀和血管闭合切割系统(Ligasure),行完全腹腔镜下巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗的临床资料进行回顾性分析与总结.结果 12例均在处理脾蒂前夹闭脾动脉,其中10例完成腹腔镜手术(其中7例应用二级脾蒂离断法处理脾蒂),2例中转开腹.10例腹腔镜手术患者的手术时间为180～300 min,平均210min;术中失血200～1000ml,平均480ml;术后住院时间8～15 d,平均9d;术后发生少量(＜300 ml)胸腔积液2例,少量(＜300 ml)腹水2例,轻度(＜10 ml/d)胰瘘1例,均未作特殊处理,带管出院后1个月好转拔管,无死亡病例.12例患者术后平均随访7个月(4～20个月),均未发生再出血.结论 用超声刀预夹闭脾动脉,联合应用超声刀和Ligasure进行二级脾蒂离断法处理脾蒂是完全腹腔镜下巨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术成功的关键技术要领,该技术安全、有效、微创,具有一定的临床应用价值.     

直线型切割吻合器在门静脉高压症患者脾切除术中的应用（附27例报告）

目的介绍采用直线切割吻合器离断肝硬化门脉高压患者脾蒂的方法,探讨其优越性。方法总结27例肝硬化门静脉高压症患者应用直线切割吻合器离断脾蒂行脾切除的临床资料。术前均存在不同程度的脾功能亢进,27例胃镜提示食管重度静脉曲张,4例伴有Ⅰ型胃静脉曲张,2例伴有Ⅱ型胃静脉曲张2,2例存在1～3次上消化道出血史。脾脏大小按3线分法14例符合巨脾诊断,CT增强扫描均显示脾周具有丰富的侧支循环。结果本组平均手术时间45（30～58）min,无手术死亡,无术中、术后大出血,无胰漏、胃漏、肠漏等脾切除相关并发症。结论用直线切割吻合器离断脾蒂在诸多方面明显优于传统的脾蒂处理方法,是门脉高压患者脾切除术中离断脾蒂的理想方法之一。     

The Effects of Splenectomy and Splenic Autotransplantation on Plasma Lipid Levels

Purpose: Atherosclerosis observations after splenectomy for trauma and hypersplenism suggests a possible role for the spleen in lipid metabolism. The authors examined the effects of splenectomy on serum lipids in rats and also cholesterol-fed rats with experimental atherosclerosis. Methods: This study was designed on rats. The rats were divided into five groups: splenectomy, normal diet (SP-N, n: 8), splenectomy, cholesterol-fed groups (SP-C, n: 8), splenic autotransplantation after splenectomy, normal diet (SA-N, n: 8), splenic autotransplantation after splenectomy, cholesterol-fed groups (SA-C, n: 8) and sham groups (n: 8). Total triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL (high-density lipoprotein), LDL (low-density lipoprotein), and VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein) levels were determined in 40 rats. The rats were classified into five groups based on the surgical procedures. The spleens were removed and then the rats were fed a normal diet in Group SP-N (n = 8). The spleens were removed and then the rats were fed a diet containing 1% cholesterol in Group SP-C (n = 8). Splenectomy and splenic autotransplantations were performed and then the rats were fed a normal diet in Group SA-N (n = 8). Splenectomy and splenic autotransplantations were performed and then the rats were fed a diet containing 1% cholesterol in Group SA-C (n = 8). The rats were sham-operated in the control group (Group S, n = 8). An active splenic function was shown in rats that underwent splenic autotransplantation in both groups by using Technicium 99 m sulphurcolloide sintiscan on day 30. Blood lipid levels were repeated 6 months later. Results: There was no difference between pre- and postoperative lipid levels in the sham group and SA-N group (p >.05). All lipid levels including HDL were increased significantly in SP-C group (p <.05). Also VLDL and total tryglyceride levels were increased significantly in SP-N and SA-C groups (p <.05). Conclusions: This study showed that the spleen might have an important effect on lipid metabolism and splenic autotransplantation may be protective in conditions with increased lipid levels.