南苜蓿总皂苷改善2型糖尿病大鼠糖代谢的作用机制

目的 探讨南苜蓿总皂苷(TSMP)对2型糖尿病(T2DM)大鼠糖代谢的作用及其可能的机制.方法 采用高脂加小剂量链脲佐菌素诱导T2DM大鼠模型,将大鼠分为对照组、模型组、二甲双胍组(0.2 g/kg)、TSMP高剂量组(1.4 g/kg)、TSMP低剂量组(0.7 g/kg),连续给药4周,末次给药后测定胰岛素抵抗指数(IRI)、空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、肝糖原、白细胞介素(IL)-1β、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)、瘦素(Leptin)水平,以及丙酮酸激酶(PK)、已糖激酶(HK)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(G-6-Pase)、果糖-1,6-二磷酸酶、葡萄糖激酶(GK)的活性;检测肝脏组织中G-6-Pase、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)蛋白的表达.结果 与模型组比较,给予高剂量(1.4 g/kg) TSMP能降低T2DM大鼠IRI、FBG、HbA1c、IL-1β、TNF-α、FFA、Leptin水平,升高肝糖原水平,提高PK、HK、GK的活性,降低G-6-Pase、果糖-1,6-二磷酸酶的活性,并下调肝脏组织中G-6-Pase、PEPCK蛋白表达水平,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 TSMP可以改善T2DM大鼠的糖代谢紊乱,可能与其促进葡萄糖的利用,减轻炎性反应和改善胰岛素抵抗有关.     

宫内发育迟缓对大鼠肝糖异生关键酶的影响

目的：通过检测宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)仔鼠肝组织中糖异生关键酶磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)和葡萄
糖-6-磷酸酶(G-6-Pase)的mRNA表达变化,探讨IUGR个体发生胰岛素抵抗的机制。方法：通过孕期全程给予孕鼠10%
低蛋白饲料建立IUGR仔鼠模型,对照组给予孕鼠21%正常蛋白饲料建立正常出生体质量仔鼠模型。每组仔鼠出生1
周、3周、8周时测定其体质量、空腹血糖、血清胰岛素水平及胰岛素抵抗指数,并采用反转录-聚合酶链反应(RTPCR)
法检测仔鼠肝组织中PEPCK和G-6-Pase的mRNA表达。结果：IUGR组仔鼠出生体质量明显低于对照组(P<0.001),
1周、3周、8周时亦低于对照组(P<0.05)。各时间点IUGR仔鼠空腹血糖、血清胰岛素水平及胰岛素抵抗指数与对照组
无明显差异(P>0.05)。IUGR仔鼠各时间点肝组织PEPCK和G-6-Pase mRNA的表达水平均高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论：
IUGR仔鼠肝糖异生关键酶PEPCK和G-6-Pase的表达明显增高,可能增加肝糖异生,是IUGR个体发生胰岛素抵抗和糖
尿病的重要机制之一。     

悦肝胶囊对原代培养大鼠肝细胞的保护作用

目的:研究悦肝胶囊对四氯化碳(CCl4)损伤体外培养大鼠肝细胞的保护作用.方法:采用CCl4诱导大鼠肝细胞损伤模型,观察悦肝胶囊对肝细胞的琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、酸性磷酸酶(ACPase)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(G-6-Pase)活性和糖原含量的影响.结果:悦肝胶囊能显著提高SDH、G-6-Pase活性及糖原含量(P<0.001),显著抑制ACPase活性(P<0.001).结论:悦肝胶囊对CCl4损伤体外培养大鼠肝细胞具有保护作用.     

DUSP9对高脂喂养胰岛素抵抗C57小鼠胆固醇、糖异生的影响

目的探讨DUSP9基因对高脂喂养诱导的胰岛素抵抗C57小鼠胆固醇、糖异生的影响。方法将成功构建的pEGFP-DUSP9裸质粒注射随机选取的高脂喂养小鼠(HD组,n=10),以空载pEGFP-N1注射的高脂喂养小鼠为对照(HE组,n=10),普食喂养的为阴性对照(NC组,n=10),质粒注射48h后分别取各组小鼠血清、肝组织,检测总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、空腹血糖(FBG),空腹胰岛素(FINS)等指标;实时荧光定量PCR(QPCR)法检测各肝组织中DUSP9、脂代谢相关基因固醇元件结合蛋白2(SREBP2)、低密度脂蛋白受体(LDLr)、糖异生关键酶-磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPCK)mRNA表达的变化,Western blot法检测DUSP9蛋白表达水平。结果 HD、HE组小鼠FBG、FINS、TC、LDL-C水平较NC组明显升高(P<0.01);HD组小鼠肝脏中DUSP9mRNA、蛋白表达水平均较HE组显著升高(P<0.01),SREBP2、LDLr mRNA表达水平均显著增加(P<0.01),PEPCK mRNA表达水平明显下调(P<0.01);HD组小鼠48h血清TC、LDL-C水平与HE组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 DUSP9可能通过上调SREBP2、LDLr水平改善高脂喂养胰岛素抵抗C57小鼠的胆固醇代谢,减少PEPCK mRNA的表达水平从而导致肝糖输出减少,FBG水平降低。     

Exenatide对胰岛素抵抗大鼠胰岛素敏感性及脂联素、瘦素水平的影响

目的探讨Exenatide对高脂诱导胰岛素抵抗(insulin resistance,IR)大鼠胰岛素敏感性及血浆脂联素、瘦素水平的影响。方法将69只清洁级健康雄性(SD)大鼠分为对照组(NC组,n=22),高脂组(HF组,n=23),Exenatide治疗组(HE组,n=24)。高脂诱导胰岛素抵抗大鼠给予Exenatide10周后,采用扩展胰岛素钳夹技术测定机体胰岛素敏感性和糖脂代谢,并观察血浆脂联素、瘦素水平的变化。结果高脂诱导IR大鼠经Exenatide处理(HE组)后,Lee's指数、空腹血浆游离脂肪酸(FFA)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇酯(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)明显降低(P<0.01),高密度脂蛋白(HDL)明显升高(P<0.01)。同时,HE组血浆脂联素水平明显升高(P<0.01),瘦素水平明显降低(P<0.01)。在钳夹稳态时,高脂组(HF)与对照组(NC)相比,血浆FFA、胰岛素(INS)水平均明显升高(P<0.01),葡萄糖输注率(GIR)、葡萄糖清除率(GRd)明显降低(P<0.01),且胰岛素对肝糖输出(HGP)的抑制作用明显障碍(仅抑制16%)。经Exenatide处理后,血...     

乐肝复方合剂对体外培养大鼠肝细胞的保护作用

[目的]探讨乐肝复方合剂对四氯化碳损伤体外培养大鼠肝细胞的保护作用.[方法]体外培养大鼠肝细胞,用四氯化碳处理制作肝细胞损伤模型,观察乐肝复方合剂对损伤肝细胞内琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、酸性磷酸酶(ACPase)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(G-6-Pase)活性及糖原含量的影响.[结果]乐肝复方合剂可显著提高损伤肝细胞内SDH,G-6-Pase活性,提高糖原含量,抑制ACPase活性.[结论]乐肝复方合剂对四氯化碳损伤体外培养大鼠肝细胞具有保护作用.     

高脂喂养诱导大鼠骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗的机制研究

目的 观察高脂饮食大鼠骨骼肌胰岛素敏感性的变化,并探讨其机制.方法 雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为2组:高脂组(n=10)和对照组(n=8),分别给予高脂饲料和基础饲料喂养.喂养24周后,检测血游离脂肪酸;应用高胰岛素-正糖钳夹技术评价大鼠的胰岛素敏感性;并应用逆转录聚合酶链反应方法检测骨骼肌中脂肪酸转运蛋白-1(fatty acid transport protein-1, FATP-1)mRNA的表达.结果 喂养24周后,高脂组大鼠游离脂肪酸水平明显上升,较对照组升高43.0%(P<0.01);骨骼肌中FATP-1 mRNA表达亦显著增强,是对照组的1.56倍(P<0.01);而葡萄糖输注率(glucose infusion rate, GIR)较对照组明显下降(P<0.01).结论 高脂喂养诱导大鼠骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗,其机制可能与游离脂肪酸的增高和骨骼肌中FATP-1表达的上调有关.     

运动对高脂饮食诱导的胰岛素抵抗大鼠血清脂联素水平的影响

目的 观察运动对高脂饮食诱导的胰岛素抵抗(IR)大鼠血清脂联素(APN)水平的影响.方法 健康Wistar大鼠随机分为基础饲料喂养(NC)组和高脂饲料喂养(HF)组,喂养10周将HF组大鼠随机分为高脂饲料运动(HFE)组和高脂饲料非运动(HFN)组,HFE组大鼠进行4周游泳运动干预,采用正常葡萄糖-高血浆胰岛素钳夹技术评估运动前后大鼠胰岛素敏感性.应用ELISA方法检测大鼠血清APN水平.结果 喂养10周后HF组大鼠平均葡萄糖输注率(GIR)明显低于NC组(P<0.01),血清APN水平较NC组下降(P<0.01);内脏脂肪百分比明显升高(P<0.01).运动4周后,HFE组大鼠GIR较HFN组明显升高(P<0.01),HFE组大鼠血清APN水平较HFN组大鼠升高(P<0.05);内脏脂肪百分比较HFN组明显下降(P<0.01).大鼠血清APN水平与内脏脂肪百分比呈负相关(r=-0.646,P=0.000).结论 运动可提高IR大鼠血清APN水平,提高胰岛素敏感性.     

人参果总皂苷对高脂饲养大鼠胰岛素敏感指数的影响

目的:探讨人参果总皂苷对高脂饲养大鼠胰岛素敏感指数的影响.方法:高脂饲养Wistar大鼠,腹腔注射链脲佐菌素30 mg/kg,制成胰岛素抵抗动物模型,观察人参果总皂苷对胰岛素敏感指数的影响.胰岛素敏感性采用高血浆胰岛素-正常血糖钳夹技术,检测稳态时的葡萄糖输注率(glucose infusion rate, GIR).结果:高脂喂养大鼠与空白对照组大鼠比较,其空腹血糖及空腹胰岛素水平有显著增高(P<0.05, P<0.01),而葡萄糖输注率明显下降(P<0.01).人参果总皂苷组的各项指标均较模型组有显著改善(P<0.05, P<0.01),并呈剂量依赖关系.结论:人参果总皂苷可明显改善实验大鼠的胰岛素抵抗.     

葛根素对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠血糖和血脂的影响

目的:观察葛根素对实验性Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素敏感性及血糖、血脂的作用.方法:采用四氧嘧啶复制糖尿病大鼠模型;高脂饲料复制高血脂大鼠模型, 分别观察葛根素160 mg/(kg·d)、80 mg/(kg·d)、40 mg/(kg·d) 连续腹腔注射6周对其空腹血糖、血清中胰岛素(Insulin,Ins)水平、胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)、糖化蛋白、肝糖原合成和高脂血症大鼠血脂水平的影响.结果:各给药组与模型组相比血糖值明显降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);Ins水平降低;ISI升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);糖化蛋白明显降低(P＜0.01);肝糖原合成增加;葛根素注射液高剂量组对高糖高脂大鼠总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)有降低作用(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),而对高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)无影响.结论:葛根素有明显的降糖和降脂作用,可改善机体的胰岛素敏感性,具有一定的临床应用价值.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.