不同增溶剂对超临界CO2提取虎杖中自藜芦醇和大黄素影响的研究

目的考察不同增溶剂、提取压强、提取次数对采用超临界CO2（SC—CO2）提取虎杖中白藜芦醇和大黄素提取效果的影响,并与常用的回流提取法进行比较。方法选用丁二酸二异辛酯磺酸钠（AOT）、聚维酮（PVPk-90）、泊洛沙姆（Poloxamer188）、聚山梨酯-80、乙醇作为增溶剂,采用SC—CO2提取虎杖中的白藜芦醇和大黄素,结合单因素优选最佳提取条件,并与回流提取法进行比较。结果使用AOT作增溶剂时白藜芦醇提取率最高,为0．304mg／g;而使用乙醇作为增溶剂时提取率最低,仅为0．015mg／g。大黄素的提取率受增溶剂的影响相对较小,使用PYP时提取率最高,为1．008mg／g,而使用聚山梨酯-80提取率最低,为0．679mg／g,但与使用乙醇的提取率（0．745mg／g）不存在显著差异（P〉0．05）。通过单因素获得最佳提取工艺：P=25MPa、T=50℃、AOT浓度为0．05mol／L、提取次数为3次,在此条件下白藜芦醇的提取率为0．31mg／g、大黄素提取率为0．97mg／g;与回流提取法相比,大黄素的提取率增加了86．5％．而白藜芦醇的提取率降低了81．5％。结论AOT、PVPK-90、Poloxamer188能够提高SC—CO2提取白藜芦醇和大黄素的提取率,SC—CO2作为一种新兴中药提取技术,具有提取效果好、低温提取、流程简单、绿色环保等特点,该法可用于虎杖中白藜芦醇和大黄素的提取,但更适合大黄素的提取。     

瓜蒂中葫芦素B的不同提取工艺研究

目的:优选瓜蒂中葫芦素B的提取工艺。方法:比较乙醇加热回流提取、超声提取与超临界CO2萃取法对瓜蒂中葫芦素B含量的影响,选取提取方法;以萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间为考察因素,以瓜蒂中葫芦素B含量为指标,采用均匀试验优选最佳提取工艺。结果:选取超临界CO2萃取法提取瓜蒂中葫芦素B,最佳工艺为萃取压力26MPa,萃取温度55℃,夹带剂为5%药材量的乙醇,动态萃取3.5h。结论:该提取工艺合理、可行,可为含瓜蒂制剂的工业生产提供依据。     

响应面法优化CO2超临界萃取紫花地丁总黄酮的工艺研究

目的采用C02超临界萃取技术,优化从紫花地丁中萃取总黄酮的工艺条件。方法采用紫外可见分光光度法测定总黄酮含量,以总黄酮萃取率为指标,通过响应面法考察工艺条件。结果最佳工艺条件为：萃取压力35MPa、萃取温度54℃、夹带剂流速0．48mL·min^-1,乙醇浓度80％,萃取时间120min,实际总黄酮萃取率为5．89％。对萃取率影响最大的因素是萃取压力和萃取温度。结论C02超临界流体萃取紫花地丁总黄酮得率高,溶剂用量少,工序简单可行。     

超临界CO2萃取何首乌中二苯乙烯苷的工艺考察

目的：探讨应用超临界CO2萃取法从何首乌中提取二苯乙烯苷的工艺。方法：采用L9（34）正交设计进行试验,运用高效液相色谱分析。结果：超临界CO2萃取法的最佳工艺条件为：萃取压力40MPa,萃取温度60℃,萃取时间2h,夹带剂95％乙醇量为生药量的20％。结论：超临界CO2流体萃取法在何首乌提取工艺中的应用是可行的。     

超临界CO2萃取结合柱层析法提取和纯化丹参中的丹参酮ⅡA

目的:优化用超临界CO2从丹参中萃取丹参酮ⅡA的工艺条件,并建立纯化丹参酮ⅡA的柱层析法。方法:以HPLC法测定丹参酮ⅡA的含量。采用正交试验优化超临界CO2萃取丹参酮的条件,考察夹带剂用量、萃取压力、萃取温度和分离温度对提取效果的影响。用100~200目的中性氧化铝柱层析,以苯进行洗脱,收集相关流份,减压回收溶剂后经无水乙醇重结晶得到丹参酮ⅡA晶体。结果:超临界CO2萃取丹参酮ⅡA的最优条件为:夹带剂用量120 ml,萃取压力20 MPa,萃取温度50℃,分离温度35℃。柱层析后重结晶得到纯度为93.49%的丹参酮ⅡA晶体。结论:超临界CO2萃取丹参酮具有操作简便、方法可靠、切实可行、无有机溶剂残留的优点,结合柱层析法可获得高纯度晶体。     

中药复方三棱颗粒的研制及成型工艺优化

目的：制备中药复方制剂"复方三棱颗粒",并优选其提取及制备工艺。方法：采用超临界二氧化碳萃取法（supercritical CO₂ fluid extraction,SFE-CO₂）萃取三棱、川芎挥发油,通过正交试验法优选萃取工艺条件;将萃取完挥发油的药渣与其余六味药材（制大黄、黄芪、杜仲、金樱子、连翘、蒲公英）共同采用冷凝回流法提取,采用正交试验法优选提取工艺条件;提取液进一步浓缩并制备成颗粒剂。结果：SFE-CO₂萃取挥发油的最佳工艺：萃取压力为25 MPa,萃取温度为50℃,萃取时间为2 h;回流提取最佳工艺：乙醇浓度为50%（V/V）,料液比为1∶12,提取时间为1 h,提取3次;成功制备了复方三棱颗粒剂,收得率为90.80%。结论：所采用提取工艺简单合理,提取效率高,颗粒剂制备工艺可行,为复方三棱颗粒剂制备工艺的确定及生产条件的控制提供了科学的实验依据。     

Extraction of steroid saponins from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paris polyphylla</Emphasis> Sm. var. <Emphasis Type="Italic">yunnanensis</Emphasis> using novel ultrahigh pressure extraction technology

A new method of ultrahigh pressure extraction (UPE) was used to extract steroid saponins from Paris polyphylla SM. var. yunnanensis (chonglou) at room temperature. The microstructure of the drug before and after the extraction was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanism of UPE is discussed and demonstrated based on the results of SEM investigation. The influence of several factors, including solvent type, solvent concentration, UPE pressure, UPE time, and liquid-to-solid ratio, has been studied in order to optimize the extraction process. The optimum extraction takes place with an ethanol concentration of 90%, a pressure of 400 MPa, an extraction time of 2 min, and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 40: 1. In comparison with usual room-temperature extraction at normal pressure, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and Sohxlet extraction, the UPE method shows higher efficiency at room temperature. Published in Khimiko-Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 41, No. 8, pp. 27–31, August, 2007.     

超临界CO2萃取人参须根中人参炔醇的工艺研究

目的优化超临界CO2萃取人参须根中人参炔醇的工艺。方法以人参炔醇萃取率为指标,用正交试验法进行优化。结果人参炔醇萃取的最佳工艺条件为萃取温度45℃,萃取压力30MPa,萃取时间80 min,夹带剂为95%乙醇。结论采用超临界CO2萃取法提取脂溶性成分具有速度快、效率高和无污染的特点,CO2可循环利用,且该工艺简便易行。     

厚朴的提取方法及质量分析考察

目的以厚朴酚、和厚朴酚为含量测定指标,寻找厚朴最为有效的提取方法。方法采用甲醇冷浸法、乙醇热回流法、超临界CO2萃取法(CO2supercritical fluid extraction)对厚朴药材进行提取,利用HPLC法对各提取物中厚朴酚、和厚朴酚的含量进行测定。结果超临界CO2萃取的提取物中厚朴酚、和厚朴酚的含量最高,质量分数分别为2.00%、2.79%,分别是甲醇冷浸法、乙醇热回流法的2.5倍、4倍。结论运用超临界CO2萃取法能对厚朴进行高效率的提取,HPLC法能简便、准确地测定提取物中厚朴酚、和厚朴酚的含量。     

荜茇中胡椒碱提取工艺研究

目的:研究荜茇中胡椒碱的提取工艺。方法:以胡椒碱含量及其提取率为指标,比较不同提取方法对其的影响;采用均匀试验优选最佳提取工艺。结果:采用超临界CO2萃取法提取到的胡椒碱的含量及其提取率最高;最佳提取工艺为萃取压力27.5MPa,萃取温度50℃,解析压力6MPa,解析温度50℃,夹带剂为50%药材量的乙醇,动态萃取4h。结论:该提取工艺合理、可行,可为含荜茇制剂的工业化生产提供试验依据。     

超临界二氧化碳萃取法与水蒸气蒸馏法提取缬草油的化学成分比较

摘要目的对不同提取方法提取的缬草油化学成分进行比较研究。方法采用超临界二氧化碳（CO2）萃取法和水蒸气蒸馏法从缬草中提取缬草油,用气相色谱 质谱联用（GC MS）法进行化学成分定性与相对含量的比较。结果共鉴定了118种成分,超临界CO2萃取法提取物共鉴定98种,水蒸气蒸馏法提取鉴定了67种,共有成分47种;超临界CO2萃取所得缬草油的收率约为水蒸气蒸馏收率的1.8倍。结论超临界CO2萃取法是缬草油较好的提取方法。     

超临界CO_2萃取桔梗总皂苷的工艺研究

采用正交试验优化桔梗总皂苷的超临界CO_2萃取工艺,探讨了表面活性剂对萃取的影响.所得优化工艺为萃取温度40℃、萃取压力35 MPa、萃取时间2 h,夹带剂为95%乙醇,与药材投料量比例为1:1(v/w).在95%乙醇中加入表面活性剂吐温-80或司盘-80可提高桔梗总皂苷的得率.     

超临界CO_2萃取徐长卿中丹皮酚的工艺

目的探讨采用超临界CO2萃取(SFE CO2)技术从徐长卿中提取丹皮酚的工艺。方法用紫外分光光度法(UV)测定其含量,并以丹皮酚收率为指标,与水蒸汽蒸馏法、乙醇提取法进行比较。结果在萃取压力15 MPa,萃取温度52℃,CO2流量3.2 L.h-1,萃取时间2 h的条件下对徐长卿进行SFE CO2,所得丹皮酚收率均高于其他方法。结论从徐长卿中提取丹皮酚,超临界萃取法较其他几种提取方法具有明显优势。     

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of podophyllotoxin from Dysosma pleiantha roots

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was utilized to extract podophyllotoxin from the roots of Dysosma pleiantha. The extraction was carried out in the temperature range of 40-80 degrees C and the pressure range of 13.6-34.0 MPa with supercritical carbon dioxide. However, podophyllotoxin was not sufficiently extracted by pure supercritical carbon dioxide. Methanol was used as modifier to enhance the extraction yield of podophyllotoxin. As a result, SFE produced a higher recovery of podophyllotoxin than conventional 95% ethanol extraction.     

三种方法提取生姜有效部位群并测定6-姜辣素含量

摘 要 目的:比较三种生姜的提取方法,优化生姜药材的提取工艺及工艺参数。方法: 建立反相高效液相色谱法测定生姜指标成分6-姜辣素的分析方法,比较水蒸气蒸馏法、超临界CO₂萃取法和乙醇渗漉法提取生姜的工艺。 结果:该6-姜辣素的含量测定方法稳定可靠;超临界CO₂萃取法和乙醇渗漉法提取率较高,超临界CO₂萃取物中6 姜辣素的含量显著高于水蒸气蒸馏法和乙醇渗漉法。结论: 三种方法中以超临界CO₂萃取法为提取生姜的最佳方法。     

千年健超临界CO2萃取工艺研究及气相色谱-质谱分析

目的研究千年健超临界二氧化碳萃取最佳工艺及萃取物的化学成分。方法采用均匀设计方法,以萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间为因素,考察超临界二氧化碳萃取的最佳工艺条件并进行气相色谱-质谱分析。结果超临界二氧化碳萃取工艺为,压力20 MPa,温度60℃,时间30 min。所得萃取物主要成分为芳樟醇。结论利用超临界二氧化碳萃取技术萃取千年健,可缩短萃取时间、提高收率。     

Pulmonary gene delivery by chitosan-pDNA complex powder prepared by a supercritical carbon dioxide process

Chitosan-plasmid DNA (pDNA) complex powders as a pulmonary gene delivery system were prepared with a supercritical carbon dioxide (CO(2)) process and their in vivo activity was evaluated. The powders with mannitol as a carrier were prepared by dispersing aqueous solutions of a luciferase expression plasmid driven by the cytomegalovirus promoter (pCMV-Luc) with or without chitosan as a cationic vector in a supercritical CO(2)/ethanol admixture. The supercritical CO(2) process with a V-shaped nozzle successfully produced chitosan-pDNA powders. The addition of chitosan suppressed the degradation of pCMV-Luc during the supercritical CO(2) process and increased the yield of powders. The luciferase activity in mouse lung was evaluated after pulmonary administration of the powders or pCMV-Luc solutions. The chitosan-pDNA powders increased the luciferase activity in mouse lung compared with pCMV-Luc powders without chitosan or pCMV-Luc solutions with or without chitosan. The chitosan-pDNA powder with an N/P ratio = 5 increased the luciferase activity to 2700% of that of the pCMV-Luc solution. These results suggest that gene powder with chitosan is a useful pulmonary gene delivery system.     

Microwave-assisted Extraction of Alantolactone and Isoalantolactone from Inula helenium

Microwave-assisted extraction was used for the extraction of alantolactone and isoalantolactone from Inula helenium. Effects of various experimental factors including ethanol concentration, particle size, microwave radiation time, the ratio of material to liquid and extraction temperature on yield of alantolactone and isoalantolactone were evaluated. The optimal extracting process of the alantolactone and isoalantolactone from the root of the Inula helenium was 1 g plant sample (sifted through 140 mesh) mixed with 15 ml of 80% ethanol solution, microwave radiation 120 s at 50°. Under these optimal conditions, the yield of alantolactone and isoalantolactone was 31.83±2.08 mg/g and 21.25±1.37 mg/g, respectively. Compared with heat reflux extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction was more efficient and timesaving for the extraction of alantolactone and isoalantolactone from Inula helenium.     

樱桃叶中总黄酮的提取工艺研究

目的：考察樱桃叶中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺。方法：超声波辅助提取法。通过设计L^9（3^3）正交实验,考察超声温度、时间和超声功率对提取率的影响。结果：优化后提取温度50℃、提取时间80min、超声功率60W,该组合下最高提取率为2．32％。结论：采用超声波辅助提取樱桃叶中总黄酮的方法可行,并且提取率高于超临界CO2萃取法。     

正交试验优选叶下珠中溶栓成分的提取工艺

目的:优选叶下珠中以柯里拉京为主的溶栓成分的提取工艺。方法:以溶剂量、提取时间和提取次数为考察因素,以浸出物和柯里拉京含量的综合评分为指标,采用正交试验优选提取工艺;考察离心法、酸碱法、乙醇沉淀法的除杂质效果。结果:最佳提取工艺为以8倍量30%乙醇为溶剂,回流提取3次,每次2h;90%的乙醇除杂质效果最佳。结论:该工艺简便、稳定,提取物有效成分含量高,可为进一步的开发提供理论依据。