Ruptured giant middle cerebral artery aneurysm in infancy

Intracranial aneurysms are uncommon in children. Rupture of giant intracranial aneurysms is extremely uncommon in infants even in autopsy studies. In this report, we present an unusual case of ruptured giant middle cerebral artery aneurysm in an 11-month-old female infant who presented acutely with unresponsiveness and seizures. The aneurysm was clipped during an urgent craniotomy for evacuation of an associated hematoma. She recovered slowly with mild residual right-sided weakness. Follow up arterial angiography revealed no residual or other aneurysms. Further follow up revealed motor delay and recurrent partial seizures. Active physiotherapy was performed and she could walk independently by 3 years of age. We conclude that intracranial aneurysms have to be considered in the differential diagnosis of infants presenting with acute raised intracranial pressure. Favorable outcome is noted in children who are managed promptly in hospitals with neurosurgical units.     

Surgical treatment of a giant aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery

Four patients with giant aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery over 2.5 cm in diameter were treated surgically. The aneurysms were excised during operations carried out under hypotension achieved with sodium nitroprusside, with administration of large amounts of mannitol and with arrest of blood flow in the middle cerebral artery for 3-10 minutes. Two patients had reoperations for postoperative complications. After the operation the patient who was initially in grade III of Botterell's scale died, and three other patients were in a good condition after one years with moderate paresis of the upper extremity.     

Traumatic aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery

The authors report a case of giant traumatic true aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery. A review of the related literature and a general revision are presented.     

Large aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery

Seven surgical cases of large aneurysms (over 10 mm in diameter) are described. In 5 cases the neck of the aneurysm was closed, in 2 the aneurysmal sac was excised. Large aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery cause great difficulties in surgical closure of their necks with routinely used clips. Late results of treatment were very good in 5 cases.     

Treatment of a giant serpentine type middle cerebral artery aneurysm with a high-flow bypass from the petrous internal carotid artery

A case report of a giant serpentine type aneurysm arising from the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) treated with a high-flow external saphenous vein graft from the petrous segment of the internal carotid artery is presented. The steps and challenges of this demanding surgical technique are also described. The elements to be taken into consideration in the indication, design and realization of the bypass surgery in the treatment of the MCA aneurysms are discussed.     

大脑中动脉动脉瘤治疗111例报告

目的 探讨大脑中动脉动脉瘤治疗方法和疗效.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2011年7月间于术夹闭和血管内介入治疗的111例114个大脑中动脉动脉瘤.分析术前分级、动脉瘤大小、部位、治疗结果.结果 手术夹闭88例患者90个动脉瘤,术后15 d-48个月(平均12.7个月)造影随访,夹闭动脉瘤89个,瘤颈残留1个,未见复发.血管内介入治疗23例24个动脉瘤.支架辅助栓塞7个,球囊辅助栓塞3个,单纯微弹簧圈栓塞12个,17个动脉瘤术后1- 37个月(平均10.6个月)造影随访,5个(29.4％)复发;单纯支架治疗2个(术破裂夹层动脉瘤),术后3个月造影随访,1个动脉瘤消失,1个无变化.格拉斯哥预后评分(G OS)5 ～4分中夹闭72例(81.8％),介入21例(91.3％).结论 窄颈(浆果样)大脑中动脉动脉瘤,手术夹闭和介入栓塞均不易复发.复杂大脑中动脉动脉瘤手术夹闭不易复发,介入栓塞相对容易复发.大脑中动脉动脉瘤合并血肿(血肿量＞ 30 ml),选择于术夹闭并清除血肿.介入栓塞和手术夹闭大脑中动脉动脉瘤均能有效防止动脉瘤再出血.     

Superficial temporal artery–middle cerebral artery bypass surgery in a pediatric giant intracranial aneurysm presenting as migraine-like episodes

Introduction  Aneurysms of the intracranial arteries in the pediatric population are reportedly rare. There is a male predominance, association with connective tissue disorders, as well as bacterial, mycotic infections, and trauma. Results and discussion  Common sites of presentation are the internal carotid artery bifurcation, posterior circulation, and distal segment of middle cerebral artery. Clinical manifestations can vary from seizures and subarachnoidal hemorrhage to headache, irritability, lethargy, vomiting, or focal motor deficits. Current treatment modalities encompass endovascular or surgical approach. Conclusion  We present a case report on an 11-year-old girl with migraine-like episodes due to an underlying giant fusiform middle cerebral artery aneurysm treated successfully with two superficial temporal artery–middle cerebral artery bypasses.     

Traumatic aneurysm of the cortical branch of the middle cerebral artery

A 22-year-old patient is described in whom sudden deterioration developed on the 9th day after severe craniocerebral trauma. Left common carotid angiography demonstrated an aneurysm on a cortical branch of the middle cerebral artery and subdural haematoma. During the operation the aneurysm was excluded from the circulation.     

Rupture of a giant middle cerebral aneurysm after blunt head injury

A 20-year-old man was involved in a fight while under the influence of alcohol. He subsequently developed an intracerebral haemorrhage in the putamen with a minimal subarachnoid haemorrhage and died. An autopsy revealed a ruptured giant saccular aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery. We believe that the blunt head injury caused a rupture of the pre-existing giant saccular aneurysm either through the force transmitted from the blow, or by a possible transient elevation of the blood pressure secondary to the excitement of the fight, or by a combination of both factors.     

Large middle cerebral artery dissecting aneurysm mimicking hemorrhagic stroke

Dissection of intracranial arteries is a rare cause of cerebrovascular diseases commonly presenting as an ischemic stroke. We report a patient with middle cerebral artery dissection who developed a large middle cerebral artery dissecting aneurysm mimicking a hemorrhagic stroke.     

Fenestration of the middle cerebral artery with an associated ruptured aneurysm

Intracranial arterial fenestrations are uncommon developmental anomalies that may alter local hemodynamic stress patterns and may be associated with intracranial aneurysms. A 75-year-old woman presented with a mild subarachnoid hemorrhage. Cerebral angiography demonstrated a 5 mm aneurysm arising from the middle cerebral artery (MCA) associated with a dramatic fenestration of the proximal M1 segment of the MCA. The patient underwent craniotomy with microsurgical aneurysm clipping. The aneurysm arose immediately distal to the fenestration. Several fine perforating arteries were dissected away from the neck of the aneurysm to allow for safe clip placement. Postoperatively, the patient awoke without deficit and was discharged to home on the fifth postoperative day in good condition. Anomalies of the intracranial vasculature are common and we describe a rare proximal MCA fenestration with an associated ruptured aneurysm at the site of the fenestration. Neurosurgeons should be thoroughly familiar with such potential “normal variants” to avoid operative complications that may result from the anomalous circulation in such cases.     

Dissecting aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery associated with subarachnoid haemorrhage

A 73-year-old male with known hypertension presented with subarachnoid haemorrhage due to a ruptured dissecting aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery. Angiography showed a dilatation with proximal and distal narrowing of the right middle cerebral artery. Conservative treatment resulted in almost complete resolution of the angiographic abnormalities 6 months later. Dissecting aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery with haemorrhagic manifestations are extremely rare and are not generally recognized as a cause of subarachnoid haemorrhage. If angiography fails to demonstrate a saccular aneurysm in a patient with subarachnoid haemorrhage, a ruptured dissecting aneurysm may be a possible cause. Repeat angiography should be performed for definitive diagnosis. More knowledge about the natural course is essential before determining whether surgical treatment is always necessary.     

大脑中动脉动脉瘤夹闭术后脑梗死的预防与治疗

目的：探讨大脑中动脉动脉瘤夹闭术后脑梗死的发生原因、机制及其预防措施。方法回顾性分析27例经CT或MRI证实的大脑中动脉动脉瘤夹闭术后脑梗死患者的手术记录及术后的治疗,总结脑梗死的发生时间、发生年龄和发生部位。27例均经翼点入路,开放外侧裂池,充分显露载瘤动脉,解剖出动脉瘤颈部后进行夹闭。结果27例大脑中动脉动脉瘤夹闭术后脑梗死患者发生的年龄偏高,15例出现在术后24 h内,17例位于基底节。随访0．5～2年,恢复良好16例,中残8例,植物生存1例,死亡2例。结论大脑中动脉动脉瘤夹闭术后脑梗死与术中机械性牵拉,血管临时阻断时间过长,阻断部位不当,动脉瘤夹的位置不当及术后血管痉挛引发的迟发性脑缺血有关。熟悉大脑中动脉的解剖,术中准确确定动脉瘤的位置,良好的显微手术技巧,术后采取积极预防措施可以明显降低脑梗死的发生率。     

大脑中动脉瘤21例显微手术治疗

目的探讨大脑中动脉瘤显微手术治疗的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析21例显微手术治疗的大脑中动脉瘤的临床资料。结果所有病例均施行显微外科手术,其中行动脉瘤夹闭17例,动脉瘤切除3例,夹闭加包裹1例。术后严重血管痉挛3例,死亡1例,术后随访20例,随访时间6~30个月,优良19例,中残1例。结论充分的术前评估和合适的手术入路选择是显微外科手术成功治疗大脑中动脉瘤的基础和保证。     

Endovascular treatment of a ruptured accessory middle cerebral artery aneurysm

A 51-year-old female presented with bilateral accessory middle cerebral arteries (MCA) with associated ruptured aneurysm manifesting as a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Angiography demonstrated the bilateral accessory MCA and associated ruptured aneurysm at the junction of the left anterior cerebral artery and left accessory MCA. This was successfully treated by coil embolization. Magnetic resonance angiography obtained 6 months later revealed no evidence of residual or recurring aneurysm.