Retinal thinning after internal limiting membrane peeling for idiopathic macular hole

Purpose

To determine the changes in retinal thickness and whether they correlate with the size of the macular hole (MH) after vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling.

Study design

Retrospective, interventional case series

Methods

Consecutive patients with an MH and undergoing pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling were studied. The retinal thicknesses in the inner 4 sectors as defined by the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study were measured using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) before and at 2 weeks and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the surgery. The basal and minimum diameters of the MHs were measured. The correlations between the retinal thicknesses and the size of the MH were determined.

Results

Thirty-three eyes of 32 consecutive patients (18 women; mean age, 64.2 ± 8.8 years) with an MH were studied. Thirteen eyes had a stage-2 MH; 12 eyes, a stage-3 MH; and 8 eyes, a stage-4 MH. The mean retinal thickness in the temporal sector was 362.8 ± 29.9 µm preoperatively, 337.9 ± 20.6 µm at 2 weeks postoperatively, and 307.6 ± 20.2 µm at 12 months postoperatively (P < .001 for both, paired t tests). The respective mean thicknesses in the superior, inferior, and nasal sectors were 373.9 ± 34.9, 367 ± 28.7, and 385.5 ± 35.9 µm preoperatively; 361.6 ± 22.7, 359.4 ± 20.6, and 383.4 ± 29.0 µm at 2 weeks postoperatively (P = .0087, P = .049, P = .635); and 339.4 ± 18.9, 331.6 ± 21.4, and 371.3 ± 23.2 µm at 12 months postoperatively (P < .001, P < .001, P = .033). The changes in the retinal thickness at 2 weeks and 12 months in all 4 sectors were significantly correlated with the basal and minimum diameters of the MH.

Conclusions

Retinal thinning was observed soon after the MH surgery mainly in the temporal sector but also in the superior and inferior sectors. The thinning was greater in eyes with a larger MH, indicating that retinal structures dynamically change after internal limiting membrane peeling.

     

玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除手术治疗特发性黄斑裂孔

目的:探讨玻璃体切除联合内界膜撕除手术对黄斑裂孔的疗效。方法:从我院眼科玻璃体切除手术治疗患者中提出有详细临床、手术及随访资料的黄斑裂孔患者资料46例。结果:术后95.6%患者解剖复位,裂孔封闭;1例视网膜复位、裂孔未闭;1例裂孔未闭,视网膜脱离在1mo内复发。结论:经玻璃体切除联合内界膜撕除手术绝大部分患者得到解剖治愈,视力提高     

Reduction of thickness of ganglion cell complex after internal limiting membrane peeling during vitrectomy for idiopathic macular hole

Background/aimThe aim of this study is to report a reduction in the thickness of the ganglion cell complex (GCC) after vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling in eyes with idiopathic macular hole (MH).MethodsTwenty-eight consecutive eyes with an idiopathic MH treated by vitrectomy with ILM peeling were studied. All eyes had an intravitreal injection of indocyanine green to make the ILM more visible. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), GCC thickness measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and retinal sensitivity measured by microperimetry were determined before and at 3 and 6 months after the vitrectomy.ResultsThe MH in all eyes was closed after the initial surgery. The BCVA was significantly improved at 3 and 6 months (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). The thickness of the GCC was significantly reduced at 3 and 6 months postoperatively (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). The GCC thickness was significantly correlated with the retinal sensitivity in the central 10 degrees at 6 months (r=0.55, P=0.004).ConclusionA reduction of the GCC thickness was observed after vitrectomy with ILM peeling for idiopathic MH.     

Residual indocyanine green fluorescence pattern after vitrectomy for idiopathic macular hole with internal limiting membrane peeling

BACKGROUND: Internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling with indocyanine green (ICG) staining is a commonly used procedure to treat idiopathic macular holes (MH). AIM: To report changes in the patterns of residual ICG fluorescence over time after vitrectomy using the Heidelberg Retina Angiograph 2 (HRA2, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). METHODS: 10 patients (10 eyes) who had undergone vitrectomy for MH with ILM peeling were included. 9 (90%) patients underwent ILM peeling with ICG, and 1 (10%) patient had it with triamcinolone acetonide (TA). We observed residual ICG using HRA2, postoperatively. Autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography images and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurements were also obtained. The minimal follow-up was 3 months. RESULTS: The MHs were closed postoperatively in all patients (100%). In eyes that underwent ILM peeling with ICG, the BCVA improved significantly (p<0.001) in 8 (89%) eyes and was unchanged in 1 (11%) eye. HRA2 showed the ICG fluorescence patterns but not TA postoperatively. The ICG hyperfluorescent signal was typically diffuse at the posterior retina and was hypofluorescent around the fovea. The hyperfluorescence then migrated towards the optic nerve disc presumably along the nerve fibre, and the area of ILM peeling was clearly identified. A large number of hyperfluorescent dots were observed instead of diffuse hyperfluorescence that was observed just after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Patterns of residual ICG fluorescence were sequentially observed with HRA2 after vitrectomy for MH with ICG-assisted ILM peeling.     

Phacovitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling for idiopathic macular hole

BACKGROUND: Progressive nuclear sclerosis is a known complication of macular hole surgery that hinders patients' recovery to their best visual acuity postoperatively. We report the visual outcome, complications and efficacy of combined phacoemulsification, intraocular lens (IOL) insertion and vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling for patients with cataract undergoing macular hole surgery. METHODS: We reviewed the records of 32 consecutive patients (36 eyes) who underwent phacoemulsification with insertion of a polymethylmethacrylate lens into the capsular bag and pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peeling in one session for repair of idiopathic macular hole. Patients were assessed between February 1998 and August 2001. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 70 (range 52 to 83) years, and 25 (78%) were women. The median duration of the holes before surgery was 8.3 months; in 19 eyes (53%) the duration was 6 months or less. Twenty eyes (56%) had stage 3 holes. The preoperative vision was 20/200 or worse in 29 eyes (80%). The mean grade of nuclear sclerosis was 2.4. The average length of follow-up after surgery was 11 (range 1.5 to 37) months. Primary hole closure was achieved in 28 eyes (78%). In five of the remaining eight cases the patient consented to a second procedure, which was successful in four cases, for a final closure rate of 89%. Postoperatively, the visual acuity improved by 2 lines or more in 22 eyes (61%). Of the 32 eyes with final closure, 11 (34%) attained a visual acuity of 20/40 or better, and 25 (78%) had an acuity of 20/100 or better. The most common complication was posterior capsular opacification (27 eyes [75%]), an expected complication when perfluoropropane or other gases are used for tamponade. INTERPRETATION: The results are comparable to those with standard macular hole surgery. Combined surgery is reliable and safe; the benefits support its use as a routine procedure for patients with cataract undergoing macular hole repair.     

Full-thickness eccentric macular hole following vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling.

A 65-year-old man presented after macular hole surgery with trypan blue-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling in his left eye. Although the patient had no visual complaints in the left eye, on clinical examination an eccentric full-thickness macular hole was noted just inside the superior vascular arcade and documented by optical coherence tomography. The patient was observed and continued to remain asymptomatic.     

玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥离术治疗特发性黄斑裂孔

目的评价玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥离术治疗特发性黄斑裂孔的临床疗效。方法采用玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥离术治疗特发性黄斑裂孔17例17眼,对患者术前术后视功能、术后黄斑裂孔闭合及手术主要并发症等进行检查和随访。结果本组17眼均成功剥离内界膜。随访5～24个月,其中13眼黄斑裂孔完全闭合,4眼裂孔直径缩小,裂孔封闭成功率为76.47%;17眼中14眼视力提高,视力提高率为82.35%;视物变形等症状也有明显改善。并发症主要有术中毛细血管性出血、术后一过性高眼压及晶状体后囊下混浊。结论玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥离术可有效封闭特发性黄斑裂孔,提高视功能。     

视网膜内界膜剥除术治疗特发性黄斑裂孔疗效探讨

目的 通过分析玻璃体切割联合视网膜内界膜剥除治疗特发性黄斑裂孔的手术效果,针对"内界膜剥除治疗特发性黄斑裂孔的不同观点"进行探讨.方法 黄斑裂孔患者71例71只眼,均施行玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除,玻璃体内注气.随访12个月以上,观察不同分期裂孔的闭合率、视力以及mfERG的变化情况.结果 67只眼(94.37%)黄斑裂孔闭合,Ⅱ期裂孔两周内全部闭和,Ⅳ期裂孔两周闭和率仅为31.3%;71只IMH眼手术后1年视力提高59只眼,占83.10%,视力不变7眼,占9.86%,视力减退5眼,占7.04%.手术前、后视力高于0.1者分别为35只眼(49.26%)、65只眼(91.55%),经x2检验差异有统计学意义;一年后,Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期裂孔视力0.5以上者分别为81.25%、15.38%、0.经统计学分析,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期术后视力提高率分别为93.6%、84.6%和62.5%.并且,手术后1年mfERG一阶函数的1环和2环P1波反应密度不断增加,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而3、4、5环P1波反应密度与手术前比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 玻璃体切割联合视网膜内界膜剥除治疗特发性黄斑裂孔是非常有效的方法,但需要熟练掌握手术操作技术和技巧,把术后并发症控制在最低限度.

Abstract：

Objective To estimate the therapeutic effect of vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling in the treatment of idiopathic macular hole,to approach the different viewpoint about the vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane(ILM)peeling in the treatment of idiopathic macular hole.Methods In 71 eyes of 71 cases underwent vitrectomy with ILM peeling for idiopathic macular hole were analyzed retrospectively,air-fluid exchanged and C3F8 tamponaded.The follow-up after the surgery was 12 months.The best corrected visual acuity,mfERG and the rate of concrescence were observed.Results Anatomic closure of the macular hole was achieved in 67(94.37%)patients,59(83.10%)patients achieved a better final visual acuity.Preoperatively,the best corrected visual acuity above 0.1 was 35(49.26%)patients.Postoperatively,the best corrected visual acuity above 0.1 was 65(91.55%)patients(P ＜0.05).After a year,the best corrected visual acuity above 0.5 for 2,3,4 stage of macular hole were 81.25%,15.38%,0,respectively.Amplitude of wave P1 of ring 1 and ring 2 by mfERG was significantly increased in postoperatively than that in preoperatively(P＜0.05).There was no significantly difference for P1 of ring 3,ring 4 and ring 5 between postoperatively and preoperatively(P ＞0.05).Conclusions Parsplana vitrectomy with ILM peeling is an effective method to treat macular hole.But the risks should be treated carefully.     

微创玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥除术治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔

目的　观察微创玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥除术治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔的临床效果。方法　回顾性非随机临床对照研究。收集２０１０年１月至２０１５年１月高度近视性黄斑裂孔患者２４例２４眼,同期收集特发性黄斑裂孔患者４３例４３眼作为对照组,两组均行标准三通道经睫状体平坦部２３Ｇ微创玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥除术。观察两组术前及术后最佳矫正视力（ｂｅｓｔｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｅｄｖｉｓｕａｌａｃｕｉｔｙ,ＢＣＶＡ）及光学相干断层扫描检查黄斑裂孔封闭情况。结果　高度近视性黄斑裂孔组与特发性黄斑裂孔组的解剖闭合率（７９．２％ 和８８．４％）及术后ＢＣＶＡ（ＬｏｇＭＡＲ）（０．５６±０．４２和０．６３±１．３８）比较,差异均无统计学意义（均为Ｐ＞０．０５）,两组末次随访时ＢＣＶＡ（ＬｏｇＭＡＲ）分别与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义（ｔ＝４．８８６、６．７３５,均为Ｐ＜０．００１）。两组术中均未见医源性裂孔形成,术后无眼内出血或眼内炎等严重并发症发生。结论　玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥除术是修复高度近视眼解剖和功能的有效方式。     

玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥离术治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔的疗效

目的：比较经睫状体平坦部玻璃体切除术( pars plana vitrectomy, PPV )与 PPV 联合内界膜剥离术( internal limiting membrane peeling,ILMP)治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔的临床效果。
　　方法：回顾性分析高度近视黄斑裂孔患者(伴或不伴黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离)33例36眼的病例资料。根据手术方式不同,分为Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组。Ⅰ组15眼行玻璃体切除术(不剥离内界膜);Ⅱ组21眼行玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥离术,术中根据患者病情不同,给予不同的辅助方式,如行硅油填充、C3 F8填充、光凝、冷凝等。术后随访3~12mo,以术后最佳矫正视力( best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)、裂孔闭合及视网膜复位情况作为疗效观察指标,并将两组数据进行统计学分析。
　　结果：Ⅰ组15眼术后最佳矫正视力( LogMAR )较术前平均提高0.167,差异有统计学意义(t=2.46,P=0.027);Ⅱ组术后最佳矫正视力( LogMAR )较术前平均提高0 .456,差异有统计学意义(t=6.753,P=0.000);两组间术后视力提高程度比较,差异有统计学意义( t=-2.943, P=0.006)。Ⅰ组患者黄斑裂孔闭合率46.67%;Ⅱ组患者黄斑裂孔闭合率85 .71%;比较两组术后裂孔闭合率,差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.287,P=0.025)。Ⅰ组视网膜最终复位率91 .67%。Ⅱ组视网膜最终复位率94 .73%,比较两组患者视网膜复位情况,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.856,P=0.418)。
　　结论：玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥离术可以显著提高高度近视黄斑裂孔的闭合率和术后视力,但对于视网膜的复位率较不剥膜者无明显区别。     

Retinal pigment epithelial changes after macular hole surgery with indocyanine green-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling

PURPOSE: To report the results of macular hole surgery using indocyanine green to improve visualization and facilitate peeling of the internal limiting membrane. METHODS: A retrospective noncomparative review of a consecutive series of 22 patients (22 eyes) who underwent macular hole repair using indocyanine green to facilitate visualization of the internal limiting membrane was performed. One patient was excluded because of a history of a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. All patients underwent a three-port pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling. Indocyanine green (0.1% solution) was used to assist in the visualization of the internal limiting membrane. The main outcome measures were postoperative visual acuity, macular hole status, and postoperative retinal pigment epithelial changes. RESULTS: In 21 eyes, the median preoperative best-corrected visual acuity was 20/200 (range, 20/60 to counting fingers at 5 feet). The median postoperative visual acuity was 20/400 (range, 20/60-1/200) with an average follow-up of 13 weeks. The macular hole was closed in 18 eyes (86%) at the most recent follow-up. Ten eyes were found to have atrophic retinal pigment epithelium changes in the area of the previous macular hole. CONCLUSIONS: Indocyanine green assists in visualization of the internal limiting membrane in macular hole surgery. In our series, 10 eyes had unusual atrophic changes in the retinal pigment epithelium at the site of the previous macular hole, or in the area where the indocyanine green solution would have had direct access to the bare retinal pigment epithelium cells. Although the use of indocyanine green improves visualization and assists with peeling of the internal limiting membrane, the safety and potential toxicity of indocyanine green to the retinal pigment epithelium require further investigation.     

玻璃体切除术联合内界膜剥除治疗特发性黄斑裂孔

目的:探讨玻璃体切除术联合内界膜剥除治疗特发性黄斑裂孔的疗效。方法:对93例93眼特发性黄斑裂孔患者行玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除,气液交换,眼内填充C3F8。术后观察术眼视力及OCT了解黄斑裂孔变化。结果:特发性黄斑裂孔患者93例中裂孔完全愈合89例(96%),4例裂孔未闭,患者拒绝再次手术。绝大多数患者术后视力提高。结论:玻璃体切除联合内界膜剥除是治疗特发性黄斑裂孔的有效方法,能使绝大多数患者的裂孔得到解剖愈合,视力提高。     

Long-term follow-up after macular hole surgery with internal limiting membrane peeling

PURPOSE: To report long-term anatomical and functional results after pars plana vitrectomy with peeling of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) for idiopathic macular hole. DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized, consecutive series. METHODS: Ninety-nine patients with a follow-up of at least 12 months were included. The surgical technique consisted of a standard pars plana vitrectomy, removal of the ILM, and an intraocular gas tamponade (15% hexafluoroethane [C(2)F(6)] gas mixture) followed by head-down positioning for at least 5 days. Follow-up examinations included a clinical examination, Goldmann perimetry, optical coherence tomography, and static microperimetry using a Rodenstock scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO-105). Stimulus size was 0.2 degrees (Goldmann II), intensities employed were 0 and 12 dB. Twenty-degree fields were used for all tests. RESULTS: Mean period of review was 32 months (median 34). Anatomic closure was achieved in 86 (87%) of 99 patients by one surgical procedure. Nine patients underwent a successful second operation with an improvement of visual acuity in 7 patients. The closure rate after two surgical interventions was 96%. Best-corrected visual acuity improved from a median of 20/100 preoperatively to a median of 20/40 postoperatively (P <.001). An improvement of visual acuity was achieved in 94% of patients. In 13 of 99 patients (13%) a combined vitrectomy and cataract surgery with intraocular lens implant was performed; 72 patients (73%) underwent cataract surgery later. Ninety of 99 patients (91%) were pseudophakic on last presentation. Paracentral scotomata did not change in size, density, or shape over time. Its incidence was not correlated with the stage of the macular hole. No postoperative epiretinal membrane formation or late reopening of the macular hole was observed. One patient presented with a peripheral visual field defect after vitrectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Macular hole surgery with peeling of the ILM without the use of adjuvants or ILM staining leads to good functional long-term results. Paracentral scotomata remained subclinical in most cases and may be due to a mechanical trauma of the nerve fiber layer.     

玻璃体切割术联合内界膜剥离术治疗黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱落

目的：探究黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱落(macular hole retinal detachment,MHRD)患者应用玻璃体切割术(pars planavitrectomy,PPV)联合内界膜剥离术(internal limiting membrane peeling,ILMP)治疗的效果。

方法：选取我院在2013-12/2015-12期间收治的、符合纳入标准的MHRD患者78例83眼。根据患者是否应用PPV联合ILMP治疗,随机分为试验组(39例40眼)和对照组(39例43眼),对照组应用PPV治疗。观察两组治疗效果; 随访6mo后,比较两组患者视力改善情况以及手术前和手术后3、6mo的平均最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA); 并记录术后并发症发生情况。

结果：治疗效果：与对照组相比,试验组的视网膜复位率为92%(37/40),具有统计学差异(χ²=6.882,P=0.009); 视力改善情况：试验组的视力改善情况较对照组好,差异有统计学意义(χ²=14.216,P<0.001); 术后BCVA：试验组术后3、6mo的BCVA显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=7.119,P<0.001; t=10.573,P<0.001); 并发症：与对照组相比,试验组发生眼内压增高和视野缺损的情况较少,具有统计学差异(χ²=11.323,P=0.001; χ²=8.573, P=0.003); 晶状体混浊发生率无明显改变,但差异有统计学意义(χ²=1.835,P=0.176)。

结论：MHRD患者应用PPV联合ILMP术后恢复情况好,并发症发生率低,能更好地提高患者视网膜复位效果。     

内界膜剥除治疗特发性黄斑裂孔

在三通道睫状体平坦部玻璃体切除术中进行内界膜剥离治疗特发性黄斑裂孔,可以减少对黄斑的切线方向牵拉,使黄斑裂孔封闭,视网膜复位,提高术后视力,减少黄斑裂孔的复发。应用吲哚青绿、台盼蓝、曲安奈德等染色有助于提高内界膜剥离术的成功,但也存在一定的并发症。     

玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥离术治疗黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离

目的：探讨玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥离术治疗黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离的疗效和并发症。 方法：收集我院2009-09/2011-12黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离住院患者22例22眼。均采用玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥离手术方式。随访观察术后1,2,3d;1wk;1mo的患者最佳矫正视力、眼压。并对患者年龄和患病病程与术后1mo最佳矫正视力进行统计学分析。 结果：行气体填充13例,行硅油填充9例。患者术后黄斑裂孔封闭率100%,视网膜均解剖复位。术后最佳矫正视力随术后恢复时间逐渐提高。眼压在术后1,2,3d有升高,7d后下降逐步恢复正常。患病病程＜6mo的患者较病程>6mo的患者术后视力恢复好。黄斑裂孔患者的术后1mo最佳矫正视力与患者年龄无相关性。 结论：玻璃体切割联合内界膜剥离术是治疗黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的有效手术方式,可提高术后视力。