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1.
Objective
To describe sexual behavior and activity among adolescents aged 12-17 years old in Andalusia (Spain) in 2007-2008.Method
The data for this study were collected through an anonymous questionnaire distributed to a stratified random sample of 2,225 secondary school students in Andalusia. Participation was voluntary.Results
A total of 388 respondents (18.2%) reported having had complete sexual intercourse, with no statistically significant differences between boys (18.0%) and girls (18.5%). However, boys initiated the following practices earlier than girls: sexual activity (14 years versus 14.4 years), masturbation (11.3 years versus 12.7 years), oral sex (13.8 years versus 14.6 years) and mutual masturbation (13.7 years versus 14.4 years). Other gender differences included the number of sexual partners (two in boys versus 1.6 in girls), recent sexual activity (higher in girls), internet sex (higher in boys), contraceptive use during the first coitus (lower in boys) and knowledge about double-barrier methods of contraception and sexually transmitted diseases (higher in girls).Conclusions
One out of six Andalusian secondary education students had had sexual intercourse. Two-thirds of the students were sexually active, especially girls, with limited knowledge of double-barrier methods and sexually transmitted diseases. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of including sex education as a core subject in the secondary education curriculum. 相似文献2.
Adriana Marqueta Isabel Nerín Adriana Jiménez-Muro Pilar Gargallo Asunción Beamonte 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2013
Objective
To identify factors predictive of the outcome of a smoking cessation program by gender.Methods
A cross-sectional study of smokers starting treatment in a smoking cessation clinic from 2002 to 2007 was conducted. The variables consisted of data on sociodemographic factors, smoking habits, the social context of smoking and psychiatric comorbidity prior to or during the smoking cessation process. All patients received multicomponent treatment consisting of psychological and pharmacological interventions. Success was defined as self-reported continuous abstinence confirmed by cooximetry (CO ≤10 ppm). Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors predictive of success.Results
A total of 1302 persons (52.1% men and 47.9% women), with a mean age of 43.4 (10.2) years, were included. The mean number of cigarettes smoked per day was 25.3 (10.4) and the mean Fagerström test score was 6.2 (2.2) points. The success rate was 41.3% (538) with no differences by gender. Positive predictors were lower nicotine dependence and having a non-smoking partner in men and older age, smoking fewer cigarettes per day, having fewer smoking friends and not experiencing depression or anxiety during the treatment in women.Conclusions
Men and women have similar tobacco abstinence outcomes although gender factors play a role in determining abstinence. The gender perspective should be incorporated in smoking prevention and cessation programs. 相似文献3.
Fernando Alonso-Pérez Carmen Alonso-Cardeñoso Jesús Vicente García-González José Miguel Fraile-Cobos Natalia Lobo-Llorente Roberto Secades-Villa 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2014
Objective
To evaluate the effectiveness of a multicomponent program applied by nurses in primary care.Method
A non-experimental pre-post study was carried out in 145 smokers from Area V of Asturias (Spain). The intervention consisted of a multicomponent group treatment program, applied for 7 weeks by primary care nurses.Results
The mean age was 52 years. Men accounted for 39.73% of the study population. The abstinence rate at post-treatment was 51.1% (95% CI: 42.4 to 59.6). At 12 months, the abstinence rate was 41.1% (95% CI: 32.6 to 49.6). The change between the end of the intervention and follow-up at 6 and 12 months was statistically significant at both time points (p = 0.035 and p = 0.013, respectively). Among participants who had stopped smoking, there was a statistically significant decline in daily cigarette consumption. Factors that were statistically significantly associated with continued smoking at 12 months were heavier smoking before the intervention, higher scores on the Fagerström test, and a lower number of sessions attended.Conclusions
The multicomponent treatment program was highly effective. The results suggest the desirability of specific training for health professionals to implement this type of intervention in primary care as an alternative to medical advice for smokers who need it. 相似文献4.
Medida de la importancia de las dimensiones de la satisfacción en la provisión de servicios de salud
Objective
Identifying users’ perceptions of the quality of care is essential to improve health services delivery. The main objective of this article was to describe the application of a methodology to identify factors that facilitate the identification of areas for improvement.Method
A questionnaire was applied in three health areas in Catalonia (Spain) (primary care [n = 332], outpatient specialty care [n = 410] and hospital emergency care [n = 413]) to measure user satisfaction and assess the importance given to the aspects analyzed.Results
The main areas for improvement in primary care identified by an importance-performance analysis involved the time devoted to patients as well as health professionals’ willingness to listen to their views. In hospital emergency care, the main area of improvement was related to the hospital's physical conditions.Conclusions
The tools designed and implemented by the Catalan Health Service (Spain) have proved to be valid for the detection of priority areas to improve service delivery and promote regional equity. 相似文献5.
Analía Abt Sacks Susana Pablo Hernando Pedro Serrano Aguilar Enrique Fernández Vega Roberto Martín Fernández 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2013
Objective
To analyze information needs and search strategies among women with breast cancer in Spain. An additional aim was to explore how the internet, as a source of health information, influences the autonomy and active management of this disease among patients. The research was conducted in 2010 and 2011.Method
This study forms part of a broader qualitative study that focuses on describing patients’ experiences of breast cancer and the trajectory of the disease, with the aim of creating a platform of integrated information resources for patients, relatives and healthcare professionals (PyDEsalud: http://www.pydesalud.com). We carried out 41 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with breast cancer patients in different stage of the disease, who were aged between 32 and 69 years. The interviewees’ were selected by intentional sampling, which included 15 Spanish regions. The field work was carried out from June to August, 2010. The interviews were recorded on videotape or audio. Based on patients’ narratives of their disease, a thematic-inductive analysis was performed of the information gathered.Results
The findings show the importance of the internet as a source of health information. Moreover, the internet is a resource that is able to promote the empowerment process among patients and, consequently, to aid improvement in disease management.Conclusions
Users need access to web sites with high quality health information, adapted to their needs and objectives. 相似文献6.
María Dolores Chirlaque Fernando Moldenhauer Diego Salmerón Carmen Navarro 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2014
Objective
To study the trend pattern of the incidence of thyroid cancer.Methods
We selected incident cases of thyroid cancer occurring in the Region of Murcia (Spain) in 1984-2008. The variables gathered were age, sex, date of diagnosis, and morphology. We calculated incidence rates and the annual percentage of change using Bayesian age-period-cohort models.Results
During the study period, 1414 cases were diagnosed, representing an increase in adjusted rates from 2.9/100000 in 1984-1988 to 7.3 in 2004-2008. The incidence was 3.5 times higher in women than in men and the most frequent morphology was papillary carcinoma (67.7%). An increasing trend was found in both genders; these increments were more pronounced in papillary carcinoma. In women, the incidence increased with age, calendar year, and in those born in 1945-1963. The incidence of papillary microcarcinoma increased four-fold in women.Conclusions
Thyroid cancer used to be a rare cancer but has become an emerging tumor. The greatest changes were found in papillary thyroid cancer, including a gradual increase in the proportion of microcarcinoma. 相似文献7.
8.
Esther Colell Albert Sánchez-Niubò Antònia Domingo-Salvany Jordi Delclós Fernando G. Benavides 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2014
Objective
To explore the prevalence of the use of hypnotics and sedatives in a sample of the Spanish working population and to examine its association with certain work-related stress factors.Methods
Using data from the 2007 Spanish Household Survey on Alcohol and Drugs (Encuesta Domiciliaria sobre Alcohol y Drogas en España [EDADES]), we analyzed the distribution of the use of hypnotics and sedatives in the previous month in the working population aged 16 to 64 years old (n = 13,005). Associations with exposure to certain work-related stress factors (noxious working environment, precariousness, workload, and social support) were examined using logistic regression modelling.Results
The prevalence of the use of hypnotics and sedatives among women in the previous month doubled that of men (6.5% and 3.3%, respectively), while use among the oldest age group was twice that of the youngest group in both sexes (10.2% in women and 5.5% in men older than 45 years), and was four times higher among those reporting poor health (18.9% in women and 11% in men). Concerning work-related stress, exposure to moderate (OR: 1.96; 95%CI: 1.31-2.92) and high (OR: 1.95; 95%CI: 1.14-3.34) levels of precariousness in men and moderate levels in women (OR: 1.43; 95%CI: 1.03-1.99) was associated with the use of hypnotics and sedatives.Conclusions
The prevalence of the use of hypnotics and sedatives was high in women and in workers older than 45 years. Further research is needed on the relationship between the use of hypnotics and sedatives and workers’ health, and on the role that work-related stress factors play in this association. 相似文献9.
Maria Ramos Maria Taltavull Pilar Piñeiro Raquel Nieto Maria Llagostera 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2013
Objective
To describe the cultural, social and gender features that determine attitudes to colorectal cancer screening in a target group of patients aged 50 to 69 years old in the primary health care setting.Methods
We performed a qualitative ethnographic study from a gender perspective. Participants consisted of men and women aged 50 to 69 years old in the Balearic Islands and Barcelona. Group discussion and a field diary were used.Results
The key element was diagnosis at an early stage. Until recently, cancer was considered an incurable disease but is currently perceived as a serious health problem that can be cured if diagnosed promptly. The participants requested more information on cancer and felt they were at risk, mainly because of their age. Men tended to pay attention to symptoms while women tended to ignore them. Attitudes to colorectal cancer screening were generally positive, even to colonoscopy. Some barriers to screening were identified in women, such as a fear of having cancer.Conclusions
The opportunity for early diagnosis is the key element in promoting participation in a colorectal cancer screening program. Perceptions-and hence willingness to participate in screening-differ between men and women. Factors to be taken into account in the design of population-based colorectal cancer programs are health concerns in men and fear of a cancer diagnosis in women. 相似文献10.
Manel Nebot Sandra ManzanaresMaría José López Carles Ariza Iñaki GalánAlbert Moncada Agustín Montes Mónica Pérez-RíosAnna Schiaffino Esteve Fernández 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2011,25(4):322
Introduction
In the last few years, health surveys and epidemiological studies on smoking have introduced questions on environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure. However, a standardized questionnaire is lacking.Methods
Between January and May 2008, we reviewed surveys containing items on ETS exposure carried out in Spain by public administrations, scientific societies and research institutes. The wording of the questions was reviewed and classified according to the study type, target population, geographical setting and place of exposure.Results
We identified 27 surveys that included questions on passive smoking. Most were health surveys (81.5%) and were aimed at the general population (70.4%). The most frequent geographical setting consisted of autonomous regions (48.1%) and the most common place of exposure was the home (88.9%)Discussion
The results show wide variability in the questions used. Questionnaire items on ETS exposure should be homogenized to allow comparison of the results of surveys. 相似文献11.
Guillermo Burillo-Putze Octavio P. Luzardo Carlos Pérez García Manuel Zumbado Carmen Yanes María del Mar Trujillo-Martín Carlos Boada Fernández del Campo Luis D. Boada 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2014
Objective
Chronic exposure to non-persistent pesticides (NPPs) is of concern because these substances have been associated with chronic diseases. However, few studies have addressed chronic exposure to NPPs in Spanish populations.Methods
We determined the presence of 24 pesticide residues by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in 363 serum samples obtained from non-occupationally exposed adults from Tenerife island in 2007.Results
Most of the samples (99.45%) showed detectable residues (6 ± 2 pesticides per sample). The most frequently detected pesticides were pyrethrins (96.1%), organophosphates (93.9%) and organochlorines (92.3%). The neurotoxicants bifenthrin and malathion were detected in 81% of the samples and hexachlorobenzene DDT and buprofezin in more than 50%. Malation, an “environmental obesogen”, was detected in 82%, and “endocrine disrupter” pesticides were present in 97.2% of the samples.Conclusions
Because there is clear, continuous and inadvertent exposure to NPPs that may be inducing adverse effects on human health, NPPs should be included in biomonitoring studies. 相似文献12.
13.
María Martínez-Moyá Eva M. Navarrete-Muñoz Manuela García de la Hera Daniel Giménez-Monzo Sandra González-Palacios Desirée Valera-Gran María Sempere-Orts Jesús Vioque 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2014
Objective
To explore the association between excess weight or body mass index (BMI) and the time spent watching television, self-reported physical activity and sleep duration in a young adult population.Methods
We analyzed cross-sectional baseline data of 1,135 participants (17-35 years old) from the project Dieta, salud y antropometría en población universitaria (Diet, Health and Anthrompmetric Variables in Univeristy Students). Information about time spent watching television, sleep duration, self-reported physical activity and self-reported height and weight was provided by a baseline questionnaire. BMI was calculated as kg/m2 and excess of weight was defined as ≥25. We used multiple logistic regression to explore the association between excess weight (no/yes) and independent variables, and multiple linear regression for BMI.Results
The prevalence of excess weight was 13.7% (11.2% were overweight and 2.5% were obese). A significant positive association was found between excess weight and a greater amount of time spent watching television. Participants who reported watching television >2 h a day had a higher risk of excess weight than those who watched television ≤1 h a day (OR = 2.13; 95%CI: 1.37-3.36; p-trend: 0.002). A lower level of physical activity was associated with an increased risk of excess weight, although the association was statistically significant only in multiple linear regression (p = 0.037). No association was observed with sleep duration.Conclusion
A greater number of hours spent watching television and lower physical activity were significantly associated with a higher BMI in young adults. Both factors are potentially modifiable with preventive strategies. 相似文献14.
María Tolosana M. Teresa Pedrol M. Teresa Soler Meritxell Taló Pere Godoy 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2013
Objective
To determine the prevalence of smoking among drivers of private vehicles in the city of Lleida (Spain).Methods
A random sample of 1600 cars passing through six intersections regulated by traffic lights were selected. The variables were age, sex, smoking driver, adult passengers, intersection (urban/interurban), day (working day/weekend), hour (morning/evening) and simultaneous smokers. We calculated the prevalence of smoking drivers and the corresponding odds ratios (ORs), adjusted for the potential confounding variables, as well as their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).Results
The prevalence was 6.0% (95% CI: 4.9-7.3) and was higher in men (6.4%), in the group aged 41 to 60 years (6.9%), and in unaccompanied drivers (6.5%). The probability of the driver smoking increased if there was a smoking passenger (aOR = 10.8; 95% CI: 3.6-32.5). The frequency of smoking drivers was higher on working days (aOR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.0-2.8) and in the morning (aOR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.0-2.4).Conclusions
The prevalence of smoking drivers can be considered dangerously high. We recommend avoiding smoking while driving. 相似文献15.
Carmen Ballesteros Meseguer Pilar Almansa Martínez María del Mar Pastor Bravo Ismael Jiménez Ruiz 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2014
Objective
To explore the perceptions of a group of women who underwent female genital mutilation on the impact of this practice on their sexual and reproductive health.Methods
We performed a phenomenological qualitative study in a sample of 9 sub-Saharan Africa women, whose mean age was 30 years old and who had lived in Spain for 1 to 14 years. These women underwent genital mutilation in their countries of origin. Data was collected using a socio-demographic survey and an in-depth, structured personal interview. Subsequently, we performed a thematic discourse analysis.Results
The discourses were grouped into four categories related to participants’ perceptions of female genital mutilation. These categories were intimate relationships, pregnancy, childbirth, and social impact.Conclusions
The practice of female genital mutilation is maintained due to social and family pressure, transmitted from generation to generation and silenced by women themselves. This practice affects their sexual and reproductive health, as demonstrated by anorgasmia and dyspareunia. The women were satisfied with the healthcare received during pregnancy and childbirth. Nevertheless, most of them were not satisfied with family planning. 相似文献16.
Objectives
To determine the factors associated with participation in a prenatal education program among primiparous mothers.Methods
A multicenter observational study was carried out in four Andalusian hospitals (Spain) in primiparous women in 2010. Sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric history, and previous diseases were collected through an interview and from the clinical charts. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated.Results
The study population consisted of 520 women. According to multivariate analysis, the factors associated with participation in the program were educational level (p <0.001), higher income levels (p <0.001), birth in Spain (p <0.001) and viewing the program as useful (p <0.001). After adjusting for these variables, no other variable was related to participation. The main reason given by women for not attending prenatal education was lack of an invitation to attend.Conclusions
Participation in the prenatal education program was favored by a higher educational level and income, birth in Spain, and viewing the program as useful. 相似文献17.
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19.
A. Cabié F. Bissuel S. Abel P. Huc L. Paturel S. Pierre-François 《Médecine et maladies infectieuses》2009
Objective
Late screening for HIV is frequent in people living in the French West Indies. Rapid tests (RT) create new opportunities to improve screening for HIV. We evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of RT among users of free and anonymous screening consultations in Fort-de-France and Saint-Martin.Methods
After confirming its reliability on more than 20,000 samples, a RT (Determine HIV-1 + 2®) was offered on site to all testers in addition to the classic tests.Results
From October 2007 to May 2008, 373 RT were performed, four were confirmed positive. Results of RT were returned to 99.4% of testers versus 89.4% of persons who underwent additional classic tests. The rate for unclaimed classic tests results was higher for the latter than for persons who had only RT: 22.2% versus 10.6%.Conclusions
Results show that RT improves the proportion of people who are informed of their results. Nevertheless, efforts must be made to persuade patients to come back for results of the standard tests to be informed of a potential sexually transmitted infection or an acute HIV infection. 相似文献20.
María Teresa Muñoz-Quezada Boris Lucero Verónica Iglesias María Pía Muñoz 《Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S》2014