腹膜透析在狼疮性肾炎急性肾功能衰竭中的应用

目的　探讨在狼疮性肾炎 (LN)急性肾功能衰竭 (ARF)活动性肾损害免疫抑制治疗中 ,腹膜透析的辅助治疗作用。方法　对LN并发ARF的 12例行腹透治疗 ,并行肾活检明确病理 ,根据临床和病理的活动程度 ,予激素和 (或 )免疫抑制剂环磷酰胺 (CTX)冲击治疗。结果　 11/ 12例肾活检成功 ,均为Ⅳ型LN ,主要呈活动性肾损害的病理改变 ,也有慢性不可逆病变。治疗有效率为 5 0 % ,经强化免疫抑制治疗 6例临床指标血红蛋白、C3 、C4、血白蛋白、尿蛋白均显著改善 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,肾功能基本恢复 ;3/ 6例活动性指数 (AI)显著降低 ,慢性指数 (CI)无明显变化。无效组 6例 ,病理慢性程度高 ,并发肾外脏器的损害 ,病情在短期内恶化。对有效组中的 5例长期随访 ,4 / 5例肾活检时AI 10 .8± 2 .8,CI 4 .0± 1.4 ,平均随访 6 .8年 (4～ 11年 ) ,Scr均 <176 .8umol/L ;而 1/ 5例AI 18,CI 5 ,3年后进入尿毒症。结论　LN并ARF ,经腹透治疗 ,活动性肾损害予强化免疫抑制治疗可顿挫其活动病变 ,改善肾功能。而对LN的慢性病变 ,尤其是纤维细胞性新月体和广泛的间质纤维化 ,只能采取保守或腹透维持治疗。     

横纹肌溶解致急性肾功能衰竭一例报告

1　临床资料　患者 ,男性 ,2 3岁。因“两侧腰部酸胀伴恶心、呕吐 1周 ,肾功能异常 5d”于 2 0 0 3年 3月 2 0日入院。入院前 1周踢足球后感全身疲倦、乏力、纳差 ,两侧腰部酸胀、不愿活动 ,同时出现恶心 ,尿量较以前减少 ,但全天尿量仍不少于 1 0 0 0ml,休息后上述症状不缓解。入院前 5d在我院门诊查尿素 1 2 .0mmol/L ,肌酐 85 8μmol/L ,诊断为“急性肾功能衰竭” ,即给予急诊血透治疗。入院时体格检查 :体温37.3℃ ,脉搏 80次 /min ,呼吸 2 0次 /min ,血压 1 5 8/ 1 0 5mmHg(1mmHg =0 .1 33kPa) ,一般情况好 ,皮肤、巩膜无黄染 ,浅表…     

Leflunomide-induced acute liver failure: a case report

A 27-year-old male patient with rheumatoid arthritis was diagnosed with acute liver failure when he was taking leflunomide,a new immunosuppressant. This case illustrates the risk that leflunomide may lead to severe hepatotoxicity.     

Application of peritoneal dialysis for the treatment of acute renal failure in children underwent cardiac surgery

Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of peritoneal dialysis（PD） for the treatment of acute renal failure（ARF）in children following open-heart surgery. Methods The clinical records of 63 consecutive eases [ mean age（3.60 ± 3.67） years, mean weight（ 13.45 ± 7.68）kg],of ARF after cardiac surgery for congenital heart defects between October 1999 and October 2005 were reviewed. Indications for PD included oliguria for more than 4 hours despite medication interventions or, in the absence of established ohguria, increased creatinine level in association with one of the followings, clinical signs of fluid overload, hyperkalemia （ 〉 5.5 mmoI/L）, persistent metabolic acidosis, or low cardiac output syndrome. Following data were collected in all patients： time to initiation and duration of PD; time point of the recovery of urine output; baseline serum creatinine level （Cr0）, rise of Cr（Cr1 ）, peak Cr （Cr2）, descending Cr （Cr3）, recovery of Cr （ Cr4 ） ; and their corresponding postoperative time points. Results Of the 63 patients, 58 （92.1% ） required PD. Overall mortality rate was 33.3% （21/63）. Patients undergone more complex surgery requiring longer aortic clamping time;have higher Cr0, Cr2, Cr3 and longer period of the recovery of Cr and urine output（P〈0.05,P〈 0.01） more likely required PD. Prolonged PD （ PD 〉 6d） was associated with more complicated surgical procedure, higher Cr1 and Cr2, delayed recovery of Cr and urine output after surgery, longer period of low cardiac output syndrome, more dysfunctional organs, longer mechanical ventilation and ICU stay postoperatively （ P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01）. Peritoneal dialysis was proved effective and safe in improving renal function m all survivors. Conclusion Risk factors for PD in children undergoing open heart surgery are complex operation, longer aortic clamping duration, and more severs ARF with delayed recovery of serum creatinine level and urine output. The postoperative hemo     

Intermittent peritoneal dialysis in the treatment of end-stage renal failure.

Our experience of 54 patients with end-stage renal failure, who were treated with intermittent peritoneal dialysis and compared with patients maintained by haemodialysis over the years 1972 to 1978, has been reviewed. All patients received peritoneal dialysis for more than six weeks. The total experience was 32.8 patient dialysis-years, 48% as home dialysis. Peritoneal dialysis was used as an interim procedure in 19 patients who were waiting for haemodialysis. However, in 35 patients (particularly in the very young and elderly, and in situations of poor social support), recurrent peritoneal dialysis was chosen as the definitive dialysis therapy. Dialysis was assessed as "adequate" in all, but two, patients. The major complication of peritoneal dialysis was peritonitis, although its over-all incidence of 1.31 episodes per patient dialysis-year was low. An attack of peritonitis occurred every nine months of patient exposure, though the incidence of bacterial peritonitis averaged only once every 26 months. Fifty per cent of patients never had an episode of peritonitis. Intermittent peritoneal dialysis was associated with greater morbidity and mortality than haemodialysis, perhaps due, in part, to the older age of the peritoneal dialysis group. Intermittent peritoneal dialysis is a valuable adjunct to haemodialysis and transplantation in the treatment of end-stage renal failure.     

多器官功能衰竭中急性肾衰的腹透治疗

对１５例不适合作血透治疗的多脏器功能衰竭中的急性肾功能衰竭患者，于确立诊断后２４ｈ内立即行间歇性腹膜透析治疗。除３例因呼吸循环衰竭死亡外，１２例患者于半月内肾功能恢复或基本恢复。认为对不适合血液透析的多脏器衰竭中的急性肾功能衰竭患者，腹膜透析具有较好的效果。     

慢性肾脏病基础上的急性肾衰竭1例报告

1临床资料患者，男性，19岁，浮肿、尿少半月入院。患者于2007年体检正常，近3月做保安工作无不适，于半月前受凉后出现头晕、鼻塞、发热（体温不详），当地予“感冒”治疗，症状好转。第2周出现颜面，双下肢水肿，尿量减少，约700ml／d，并出现贫血及肾功能衰竭。10d后又出现轻咳，查Cr1419．4mmol／L，经抗炎，血液透析治疗症状有所好转。     

二甲四氯钠致急性小管间质性肾炎和急性肾衰竭1例报道

二甲四氯钠（英文名：MCPA-Na;化学名：2-甲基-4-氯苯氧乙酸钠;分子式：C9H8ClNaO3）属选择性苯氧乙酸类除草剂,主要适用于水稻、麦类、玉米等禾本科作物田。其性质稳定,除草效果良好,在我国应用较为广泛。按照我国农药毒性分级标准,为低毒性农药。此种农药的残留对人体健康有害,临床多表现为皮疹等,     

结核感染引起急性肾功能衰竭1例报告

本文报道1例结核感染合并急性肾功能衰竭的病例、结核感染与肾小球病变和急性肾功能衰竭(APF)可能相关,并结合有关文献就结核感染和ARF之间的关系进行探讨.     

血液透析与腹膜透析治疗鱼胆中毒致急性肾功能衰竭比较

目的探讨血液透析(HD)和腹膜透析(PD)治疗鱼胆中毒致急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)的疗效及并发症。方法将39例鱼胆中毒致ARF患者分成HD组(23例)和PD组(16例),在内科治疗基础上分别给予HD和PD治疗,进入多尿期后减少透析次数,当血肌酐降至200~250μm o l/L时停止透析。结果HD组患者的血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、血钾(K )、二氧化碳结合力(CO2CP)和肝功能(ALT)恢复正常的时间均明显短于PD组(P<0.05),HD组患者的少尿期持续时间、消化道症状持续时间和平均住院时间也短于PD组(P<0.05);但HD组患者透析中的并发症发生率明显高于PD组(P<0.05);而两组患者的预后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论HD和PD均是治疗鱼胆中毒致ARF的有效方法,HD优于PD。     

维持性腹膜透析患者心脏瓣膜钙化的相关因素及干预

【目的】探讨慢性肾功能衰竭维持性腹膜透析患者心脏瓣膜钙化病因及干预治疗的方法。【方法】将入选的40例慢性肾功能衰竭维持性腹膜透析患者随机分为2组:A组(常规腹透液治疗组)与B组(低钙腹透液治疗组),观察治疗80周前后心脏瓣膜钙化及血生化指标的变化。【结果】A组患者80周后发生二尖瓣钙化3例,二尖瓣返流1例,二尖瓣面积减少致狭窄1例,主动脉瓣钙化4例,主动脉瓣返流1例;B组80周后仅发现二尖瓣钙化1例。瓣膜钙化发生率与患者血钙、血磷水平及钙磷乘积相关。【结论】慢性肾功能衰竭维持性腹透患者心脏瓣膜钙化相当常见,高钙、高磷血症为心脏瓣膜钙化的危险因素。低钙透析液能显著减少维持性腹透患者心脏瓣膜钙化风险。     

慢性肾功能衰竭老年患者早期低剂量腹膜透析的临床评价

目的 :探讨老年慢性肾功能衰竭 (CRF)患者早期低剂量腹膜透析 (PD)的临床价值。　方法 :老年CRF患者16例 ,年龄 (6 7.4± 4 .5 )岁。采用尿素氮清除率和肌酐清除率两者的平均值作为肾小球滤过率 (GFR)的指标 ,GFR10 .7～ 11.7(平均 11.2± 1.8)ml/min ,以每周尿素清除指数 (Tkt/v) >2 .0、总肌酐清除率 (TCcr) >6 0L/周作为透析充分性 ,制定和调整每天透析液用量 ,选用 1.5 %PD液为主 ,根据液体平衡的需要 ,换用小部分 2 .5 %PD液。总结随访 1年的透析情况。　结果 :每天单位体表面积透析剂量 (PV/S)为 3.2 1～ 3.36L/m2 ,一年内残余肾功能无明显下降 (P >0 .0 5 )。大部分患者食欲增加 ,体力增强 ,血清清蛋白透析前为 (33.7± 5 .4 )g/L ,透析后为 (37.1± 4 .4 )g/L ,差异具有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。主观综合性营养评估 (SGA)显示营养状况明显改善。血红蛋白明显提高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,透析前为 (71.0± 6 .8)g/L ,透析 1年后为 (99.1± 7.9)g/L ,只有 5例患者应用促红细胞生成素。透析前 1年与透析后 1年的住院率分别为 11/ 16 (6 8 75 % )与 4 / 16 (2 5 0 % ) ,透析后明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :早期开始低剂量PD可改善老年CRF患者的营养和贫血状况 ,提高生活质量 ;并且保护机体各器官 ,减少并